Tag: nevin manimala

Phys Rev Lett. 2025 May 16;134(19):196302. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.196302.

ABSTRACT

A novel localization phenomenon, termed erratic non-Hermitian skin localization, has been identified in disordered globally reciprocal non-Hermitian lattices. Unlike conventional non-Hermitian skin effect and Anderson localization, it features macroscopic eigenstate localization at irregular, disorder-dependent positions with subexponential decay. Using the Hatano-Nelson model with disordered imaginary gauge fields as a case study, this effect is linked to stochastic interfaces governed by the universal order statistics of random walks. Finite-size scaling analysis confirms the localized nature of the eigenstates. This discovery challenges conventional wave localization paradigms, offering new avenues for understanding and controlling localization phenomena in non-Hermitian physics.

PMID:40446237 | DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.196302

Phys Rev Lett. 2025 May 16;134(19):190602. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.190602.

ABSTRACT

This Letter augments the recently introduced stabilizer tensor network (STN) protocol with magic state injection, reporting a new framework with significantly enhanced ability to simulate circuits with an extensive number of non-Clifford operations. Specifically, for random T-doped N-qubit Clifford circuits the computational cost of circuits prepared with magic state injection scales as O[poly(N)] when the circuit has t≲N T gates compared to an exponential scaling for the STN approach, which is demonstrated in systems of up to 200 qubits. In the case of the hidden bit shift circuit, a paradigmatic benchmarking system for extended stabilizer methods with a tunable amount of magic, we report that our magic state injected STN framework can efficiently simulate 4000 qubits and 320T gates. These findings provide a promising outlook for the use of this protocol in the classical modeling of quantum circuits that are conventionally difficult to simulate efficiently.

PMID:40446235 | DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.190602

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2025 May 30;13:e58703. doi: 10.2196/58703.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing major surgery are at risk of complications and delayed recovery. Prehabilitation has shown promise in improving postoperative outcomes. Offering prehabilitation by means of mHealth can help overcome barriers to participating in prehabilitation and empower patients prior to major surgery. We developed the Be Prepared mHealth app, which has shown potential in an earlier pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Be Prepared app on postoperative recovery of physical functioning (PF) in patients undergoing major elective surgery.

METHODS: This study was a multicenter randomized controlled trial with 2 arms. Adults scheduled for major elective surgery were randomly assigned to the control (usual care) or intervention group (Be Prepared app in addition to usual care). The Be Prepared app is a smartphone app with pre- and postoperative information and instructions on changing risk behavior for patients undergoing major elective surgery. The primary outcome was recovery of postoperative PF up to 12 weeks after hospital discharge measured with the Computer Adaptive Test Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-PF. Secondary outcomes included social participation, self-reported recovery, health-related quality of life, postoperative outcomes, and patient satisfaction. Measurements were performed at 5 time points: before random assignment and 1, 3, 6, and 12 weeks after hospital discharge.

RESULTS: A total of 369 patients were analyzed, 181 in the control group and 188 in the intervention group. The result of the linear mixed effects model showed a mean slope difference in recovery of PF over 12 weeks of 2.97 (95% CI 0.90-5.02) in favor of the intervention group. However, this effect was not clinically relevant and was negated by the significantly lower PF score 1 week after hospital discharge in the intervention group (mean difference -1.72, 95% CI -3.38 to -0.07). Most secondary outcome measures did not show significantly greater improvements in the intervention group compared to the control group. Patient satisfaction with overall perioperative care was significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control group and satisfaction with the Be Prepared app was high.

CONCLUSIONS: The use of the Be Prepared app as a stand-alone intervention does not seem beneficial for improving postoperative recovery in patients undergoing major surgery. However, satisfaction with perioperative care was higher in patients using the app. Given the advantages of digital technology in health care, it can be considered a basis for prehabilitation care pathways, complemented by guidance from health care professionals as needed.

PMID:40446217 | DOI:10.2196/58703

Neurology. 2025 Jun 24;104(12):e213782. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000213782. Epub 2025 May 30.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Stroke remains a major global public health concern, particularly in China, where particulate matter (PM_2.5) pollution is a significant contributor to stroke mortality. This study systematically analyzes changes in stroke and subtype-specific mortality attributable to PM_2.5 in China from 1990 to 2021 and projects trends up to 2030.

METHODS: Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease database. The mortality and standardized data of stroke and its subtypes attributable to PM_2.5 in China were collected. Long-term trends were assessed using the joinpoint regression model. The age-period-cohort (a-p-c) model was applied to evaluate the effects of age, period, and birth cohort on stroke mortality. In addition, the Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to forecast age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) trends through 2030.

RESULTS: From 1990 to 2021, the ASMR of stroke attributable to PM_2.5 in China showed a declining trend and was projected to decrease to 32.0 per 100,000 by 2030. However, significant differences were observed across stroke subtypes, age groups, and sexes. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) exhibited the largest decline while ischemic stroke (IS) had the smallest reduction. Local drift analysis showed that IS and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) declined fastest in those aged 45-60 years while SAH declined most in those aged 75-80 years. a-p-c model analysis demonstrated that stroke mortality increased with age, with IS mortality surpassing that of ICH in individuals aged 75 years and older and the gap widening with age. Stroke mortality risk declined over time, with younger cohorts showing greater reductions. The stroke burden remained higher in men than in women.

DISCUSSION: China has made significant progress in stroke prevention and air pollution control; however, disparities remain in the effectiveness of prevention across stroke subtypes and population groups. Further efforts should focus on strengthening pollution control, optimizing prevention strategies for each stroke subtype, enhancing hypertension management in middle-aged populations, improving metabolic risk control in older adults, and ensuring efficient health care resource allocation. Priority should be given to high-risk populations, particularly older individuals and men, to address the challenges posed by aging and the increasing burden of chronic diseases.

PMID:40446199 | DOI:10.1212/WNL.0000000000213782

PLoS One. 2025 May 30;20(5):e0323135. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0323135. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To examine the prevalence of the maternal postnatal six-week check (SWC) in women with epilepsy compared to a sample of the postnatal population without epilepsy, and assess whether the SWC is associated with health outcomes in the first year postpartum.

METHODS: Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum and Hospital Episode Statistics data were used to identify births between January1998-March2020 to women with epilepsy (n = 23,533) and a random sample of births to women without epilepsy (n = 317,369). The adjusted risk ratio (aRR) for not having a SWC in women with compared to without epilepsy was estimated using modified Poisson regression. The association between receiving a SWC and postpartum health outcomes was assessed using Cox regression.

RESULTS: The likelihood of not having a SWC did not differ between those with and without epilepsy (42.7% vs 43.4%, aRR = 1.01, 95%CI = 0.99-1.03). Among all women, not having a SWC was associated with a lower subsequent likelihood of being prescribed prophylactic (aHR = 0.59, 95%CI = 0.58-0.60) and emergency (aHR = 0.95, 95%CI = 0.91-0.99) contraception and having urinary and/or faecal incontinence (aHR = 0.67, 95%CI = 0.61-0.73) or dyspareunia, perineal and/or pelvic pain (aHR = 0.70, 95%CI = 0.65-0.75) recorded in the year postpartum, with no evidence these associations differed according to whether a woman had epilepsy. Not having a SWC was also associated with a lower likelihood of having depression and/or anxiety recorded in the first year postpartum among those without (aHR = 0.86, 95%CI = 0.84-0.89) but not with epilepsy (aHR = 1.01, 95%CI = 0.93-1.09). The SWC was not associated with epilepsy relevant outcomes (Accident and emergency visits or unplanned hospital admission for epilepsy, mortality).

CONCLUSIONS: Around 2 in every 5 women had no evidence of a maternal SWC, with no evidence epileptic women had a different prevalence to the general postnatal population. The maternal SWC may play a role in increasing the use of contraception and the detection or treatment of adverse health outcomes in the first year postpartum.

PMID:40446192 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0323135

PLoS One. 2025 May 30;20(5):e0324460. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0324460. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia is a serious complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and proteinuria that adversely affects both maternal and fetal health. This study aimed to investigate hematological and biochemical alterations in cord blood associated with preeclampsia, with a focus on hemoglobin variants and blood gas parameters.

METHODS: A case‒control study involving 54 participants, including 24 women diagnosed with preeclampsia and 30 normotensive controls, was conducted. Cord blood samples were analyzed for total hemoglobin (Hb), blood gas, and complete blood count (CBC) indices. Statistical analyses included independent t tests for parametric data and Mann‒Whitney U tests for nonparametric data, with significance set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: The results revealed significant differences in hemoglobin concentrations, with cord blood collected from preeclamptic women exhibiting lower levels of adult hemoglobin (HbA) (64.0% ± 32.0% vs. 76.2% ± 25.7%, p = 0.004) and higher fetal hemoglobin (HbF) concentrations (35.9% ± 32.1% vs. 23.7% ± 25.6%, p = 0.004) than controls. Blood gas parameters, including pH and bicarbonate and carbon dioxide levels, were not significantly different between the groups. However, CBC results revealed a lower platelet count in the cord blood of the preeclamptic group than in the cord blood of the preeclampsia group, (213.7*103/µL ± 112*103/µL vs. 314.6*103/µL ± 70.8*103/µL, p = 0.0005).

CONCLUSIONS: While our study reveals significant alterations in fetal hemoglobin variants and CBC indices in the cord blood of preeclamptic pregnancies, the clinical applicability of these markers for early detection is currently limited by the inaccessibility of fetal blood before delivery. Nevertheless, these findings offer important insights into the hematological changes linked to preeclampsia. Future studies should explore the potential of detecting similar alterations in maternal blood as a more feasible and non-invasive approach for early diagnosis and risk assessment of preeclampsia.

PMID:40446190 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0324460

Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2025 May 30;0(0):1-28. doi: 10.11607/jomi.11043. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This case series aimed to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of patients receiving two different healing strategies for their guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures using a novel collagen membrane to support the implant placement.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 20 patients (27 implants) were included. They either received transmucosal (n = 10; 11 teeth) or submerged (n = 10; 16 teeth) GBR procedures. A standardized cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan protocol was performed immediately post-surgery and in a follow-up visit at 4-6 months post-surgery. The distance from the implant shoulder to the first bone-to-implant contact on the sides of the implant (DIB), the horizontal dimension of the buccal alveolar crests, complication rate, pain score, and quality of newly formed bone in the submerged group, were reported.

RESULTS: Healing at all implant sites was uneventful, with mild swelling and inflammation within normal post-surgical limits. Between-group quantitative analysis of CBCT images obtained immediately post-surgery (CBCT1) and at 4-6 months later (CBCT2) showed no statistical difference in any parameter. Facial bone wall thickness at 1, 3 & 5mm below the implant shoulder significantly decreased in both submerged and trans-mucosal procedure participants in CBCT2 compared to CBCT1.

CONCLUSIONS: Outcomes of GBR treatment are consistent with established clinical and preclinical evidence for the safety and performance of collagen barrier membranes in either submerged or trans-mucosal GBR procedures and these two different healing strategies exhibited similar clinical and radiographic outcomes.

PMID:40446155 | DOI:10.11607/jomi.11043

JMIR Form Res. 2025 May 30;9:e56057. doi: 10.2196/56057.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Conventional approaches for major depressive disorder (MDD) screening rely on two effective but subjective paradigms: self-rated scales and clinical interviews. Artificial intelligence (AI) can potentially contribute to psychiatry, especially through the use of objective data such as objective audiovisual signals.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different paradigms using AI analysis on audiovisual signals.

METHODS: We recruited 89 participants (mean age, 37.1 years; male: 30/89, 33.7%; female: 59/89, 66.3%), including 41 patients with MDD and 48 asymptomatic participants. We developed AI models using facial movement, acoustic, and text features extracted from videos obtained via a tool, incorporating four paradigms: conventional scale (CS), question and answering (Q&A), mental imagery description (MID), and video watching (VW). Ablation experiments and 5-fold cross-validation were performed using two AI methods to ascertain the efficacy of paradigm combinations. Attention scores from the deep learning model were calculated and compared with correlation results to assess comprehensibility.

RESULTS: In video clip-based analyses, Q&A outperformed MID with a mean binary sensitivity of 79.06% (95%CI 77.06%-83.35%; P=.03) and an effect size of 1.0. Among individuals, the combination of Q&A and MID outperformed MID alone with a mean extent accuracy of 80.00% (95%CI 65.88%-88.24%; P= .01), with an effect size 0.61. The mean binary accuracy exceeded 76.25% for video clip predictions and 74.12% for individual-level predictions across the two AI methods, with top individual binary accuracy of 94.12%. The features exhibiting high attention scores demonstrated a significant overlap with those that were statistically correlated, including 18 features (all Ps<.05), while also aligning with established nonverbal markers.

CONCLUSIONS: The Q&A paradigm demonstrated higher efficacy than MID, both individually and in combination. Using AI to analyze audiovisual signals across multiple paradigms has the potential to be an effective tool for MDD screening.

PMID:40446148 | DOI:10.2196/56057

Nutr Rev. 2025 May 1;83(Supplement_1):17-36. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaf005.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To develop the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) for children aged 24-59 months and evaluate its performance in predicting outcomes related to nutrient adequacy and diet-related noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk.

BACKGROUND: The GDQS is a food-based metric developed and validated for capturing diets’ contributions to nutrient adequacy and NCD risk among adult men and nonpregnant and nonlactating women aged ≥15 years globally. Despite the importance of ensuring healthy diets in preschool children and the need for systematic monitoring, no food-based metrics exist that holistically measure diet quality among children aged 24-59 months in diverse populations.

METHODS: We developed candidate versions of the GDQS for children aged 24-59 months by adapting the gram cutoff values used for adults to account for children’s lower energy requirements. Using dietary data sets from Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, China, Ethiopia, Mexico, the United Kingdom, and the United States, we evaluated candidate versions’ performance in predicting energy-adjusted nutrient intakes and adequacy, nutritional biomarkers, and overweight using Spearman’s correlation and multivariable-adjusted regression models, and we statistically compared performance of the strongest candidate with that of the Minimum Dietary Diversity-Women (MDD-W) indicator and Global Dietary Recommendations (GDR) score.

RESULTS: The GDQS exhibited significant (P < .05) positive correlations with energy-adjusted intakes of protein, fiber, and most micronutrients in most data sets; significant negative correlations with added sugar and saturated fat in 2 data sets; and inconsistent correlations with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat. In multivariable-adjusted models, the GDQS, MDD-W, and GDR were positively associated with serum folate in Ethiopia (and the GDQS was in the United Kingdom), and the GDR was positively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in China (P < .05). The GDQS was more strongly associated with the mean probability of adequacy of 8 nutrients than the GDR in 2 data sets, whereas the MDD-W outperformed the GDQS in 3 data sets (P < .05).

CONCLUSION: The GDQS is a useful metric for measuring diet quality among children aged 24-59 months in diverse populations.

PMID:40446144 | DOI:10.1093/nutrit/nuaf005

Nutr Rev. 2025 May 1;83(Supplement_1):61-71. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaf035.

ABSTRACT

Overweight and obesity affects approximately 20%-30% of preschool- and school-aged children in Mexico. The GDQS has been proposed as a global metric for monitoring nutrient adequacy in populations, but data for its association with adiposity measures in Mexican children are scarce. We evaluated the association between the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) and changes in adiposity outcomes in Mexican children between ages 2 years to 4-5 years, 2 years to 6-7 years, and 4-5 years to 6-7 years. We analyzed data from 715 children from the Programming Research in Obesity, Growth, Environment, and Social Stressors (PROGRESS) cohort study in Mexico City. Children’s dietary intakes were collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and diet quality was calculated using the GDQS. We assessed 3 adiposity outcomes at 2 years, 4-5 years, and 6-7 years: body mass index (BMI) Z-score, waist circumference to height ratio (WHTr), and body fat mass to height ratio (BFMHTr). We ran separate multiple linear regression models to evaluate associations between changes in GDQS and changes in adiposity outcomes between each pair of visits. We evaluated whether the associations differed by sex, or baseline BMI status. We found that the average GDQS score was generally low at each visit. Between 4-5 years and 6-7 years, we found statistically significant inverse associations between change in GDQS and change in BMI Z-score among all children. We also found inverse associations between changes in GDQS and WHTr only for children with risk of overweight/obesity at baseline and for girls. For BFMHTr, we found statistically significant associations among girls. In conclusion, longitudinal changes in the GDQS were inversely associated with changes in adiposity outcomes among Mexican children. Our results suggest that the GDQS is a useful metric for capturing dietary quality related to obesity for children from middle-income countries, such as Mexico.

PMID:40446143 | DOI:10.1093/nutrit/nuaf035