Tag: nevin manimala

Brain Behav. 2025 Jun;15(6):e70573. doi: 10.1002/brb3.70573.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Targeting partial cellular reprogramming pathways through specific small molecule combinations holds promise for lifespan extension in model organisms. Chemical cocktails like RepSox and tranylcypromine (TCP) may induce beneficial age-related changes without the risks of full reprogramming. This study investigated the effects of RepSox and TCP on neurological markers, physical activity, skeletal health, and survival in aging C3H female mice.

METHODS: Female C3H mice were divided into two age groups: “old” (16-20 months) and “senior” (10-13 months). They received intraperitoneal injections of RepSox (5 mg/kg) and TCP (3 mg/kg) or DMSO (control) every 72 h for 30 days. Physiological state, neurological scores, open field test performance, skeletal deformation, and survival were assessed. Histological analyses of organs (brain, liver, heart, kidneys, lungs, muscles) were performed post-treatment. Statistical analyses included Mann-Whitney tests, mixed-effects linear regression, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and the Gao-Allison test.

FINDINGS: In the “old” group, treated mice showed enhanced neurological status, fur and skeletal health, and increased cortical angiogenesis, though with some adverse histological changes in the liver and brain. In the “senior” group, treated mice displayed a plateau in mortality after month seven, while deaths continued in controls. Although overall survival was not significantly different, maximum lifespan significantly increased in treated mice (p = 0.039, Gao-Allison test). Histological findings revealed localized adaptive changes rather than major toxic effects. These results suggest that the combination of RepSox and TCP exerts protective effects on aging phenotypes and may potentially slow systemic aging processes in C3H mice.

PMID:40444523 | DOI:10.1002/brb3.70573

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2025 Feb 1;26(2):206-216. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3819.

ABSTRACT

AIM AND BACKGROUND: This meta-analysis aims to systematically assess the association between periodontitis and stress in relation to salivary cortisol levels.

METHODS: Four major databases, the MEDLINE-PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases, were searched from January 2005 to August 2023 for prospective and retrospective clinical studies. The PECO guidelines followed were as follows: Population: Patients with periodontal disease; Exposure: depression, stress, or anxiety; comparison: No periodontal disease and no depression, stress, or anxiety; outcome: salivary cortisol level. The following variables were extracted from each study: author, study design, sample size, saliva cortisol level (mean), periodontal parameters, method of stress evaluation, and the outcome of the study. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The statistical analysis involved calculating standardized mean differences (SMD) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). The meta-analysis was conducted using comprehensive meta-analysis version 2.

RESULTS: A total of 101 articles were identified, of which 73 articles were excluded after the first round of screening of titles and abstracts and 17 articles were excluded after full-text examination. Finally, 11 clinical studies comprising of 1,565 participants that satisfied the inclusion criteria for the systematic review were considered. While eight studies were included for meta-analysis in the first comparison group and seven studies were considered for analysis in the second comparison group. Of the 11 studies included in the present systematic review, seven were cross-sectional studies, three were case-control studies, and one was randomized double-blinded prospective study. The meta-analysis findings indicated a statistically significant increase in cortisol levels among patients with periodontitis compared to those without periodontitis (SMD = -1.424, CI: -2.107 to -0.740, p = 0.001, low-quality evidence). Moreover, a statistically significant increase in cortisol levels was observed in patients with periodontitis who experienced stress.

CONCLUSION: Overall studies included in the review demonstrate and confirm a positive association between elevated salivary cortisol levels and periodontitis with stress.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The results of this study suggest that treatment for periodontitis patients could be tailored to consider both the clinical aspects of the condition and the patient’s stress levels. Thus, clinicians should pay attention to stress management as part of comprehensive periodontal care. How to cite this article: Al‑Ak’hali MS, Al-Moraissi EA, Fageeh HN, et al. Are Salivary Cortisol Levels Elevated in Periodontitis Patients Experiencing Stress Compared to Those without Stress? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(2):206-216.

PMID:40444517 | DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3819

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2025 Feb 1;26(2):192-199. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3830.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The study aims to evaluate the biocompatibility of novel green-synthesized nano-modified glass ionomer cement (GIC) in Wistar albino rats.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Green-synthesized chitosan, titanium, zirconia, and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles were incorporated into the GIC powder, and nine disc-shaped modified GIC specimens with a diameter of 5 mm and a thickness of 2 mm were fabricated. The specimens were then implanted subcutaneously in the dorsal region of 18 Wistar albino rats. Group I received conventional GIC (n = 9), while group II received nano-modified GIC (n = 9). Biochemical analyses were conducted at 3, 10, and 30-day intervals, with three animals per group assessed at each time point with the same animals. Similarly, histopathological evaluations were performed at the same intervals, with three animals from each group examined at each time point. Blood biochemical analysis, including serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), urea, and creatinine, as well as histopathological examinations using H&E and Masson’s trichrome stains, were performed at 3, 10, and 30-day intervals. The collected data were statistically analyzed.

RESULTS: Biochemical analysis at day 30, liver function markers, SGOT (Group I: 51.07 ± 0.725, group II: 52.63 ± 3.298) and SGPT (Group I: 45.32 ± 1.950, group II: 46.36 ± 4.288), showed no significant differences. Renal function tests (RFTs) also revealed no significant differences in creatinine (Group I: 0.54 ± 0.001, group II: 0.63 ± 0.145) and urea (Group I: 40.76 ± 0.333, group II: 42.31 ± 3.082). Histopathological analysis at 10 days for group II revealed more favorable tissue repair, characterized by an increased number of fibroblasts and fewer macrophages. At 30 days, the test specimens in group II were surrounded solely by fibroblasts, with no signs of inflammation.

CONCLUSION: The results of this study concluded that both groups exhibited satisfactory biocompatibility, with the green-synthesized nano-modified glass ionomers demonstrating more advanced tissue repair. The biochemical parameters in both groups remained within the normal reference ranges, indicating no signs of toxicity.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Conventional GIC has a good ability to bond to tooth structure, but its limitations often reduce the durability and long-term success of restorations. The green-synthesized nano-modified GIC enhances biocompatibility by reducing the risk of inflammation and toxicity, making it a more reliable and long-lasting option for restorations. How to cite this article: Palani H, Paulraj J, Maiti S, et al. Evaluating the Biocompatibility of Novel Green-synthesized Nano-modified Glass Ionomer Cement: A Biochemical and Histopathological Analysis Study in Wistar Albino Rats. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(2):192-199.

PMID:40444515 | DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3830

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2025 Feb 1;26(2):178-183. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3821.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate the association between maxillary impacted canine and sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns (VSPs).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 82 individuals, who presented with maxillary impacted canines. Assessment of impaction included type, location, alpha angle, and distance “d“. Sagittal skeletal patterns were evaluated by measurement of sella, nasion, point A (SNA), sella, nasion, and point B (SNB), anteroposterior relationship between A-point and B-point (ANB), A point to nasion perpendicular to Frankfort horizontal, and Pogonion to nasion perpendicular to Frankfort horizontal. Three angles were used to analyze VSPs (SN-MP, FH-MP, and MM angle). Cephalometric measurements were processed using OnyxCeph3TM software. Associations between impaction type, location, and skeletal patterns, as well as the relationship between impaction type, location, and impaction-related variables (alpha angle and distance d) were all measured. Correlations were established between impaction-related variables and skeletal measurements.

RESULTS: Class III sagittal skeletal pattern was the most frequent (41.5%), while normodivergent vertical skeletal pattern (VSP) was predominant (53.6%). Bilateral impactions were associated with lower mean SNA and SNB angle measurements compared with unilateral impactions. A significant positive correlation was found between the alpha angle and distance d. No statistical association was observed between impaction-related variables and skeletal patterns.

CONCLUSION: A prognathic maxilla and hyperdivergent skeletal patterns were less frequently associated with maxillary impacted canines. Both jaws exhibited greater retrusion in bilateral cases compared with unilateral maxillary impacted canines. Although certain trends in skeletal patterns were noted, these patterns are not directly associated with maxillary impacted canines and, therefore, lack predictive reliability.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Skeletal analysis alone may not reliably predict impactions, which supports the need for a comprehensive diagnostic approach that can guide orthodontic treatment for maxillary impacted canines in Yemeni adults. How to cite this article: Al Eryani FA, Al Akwa’a AA, Ishaq RA, et al. Association between Maxillary Impacted Canine and Vertical and Sagittal Skeletal Patterns in a Group of Yemeni Adults. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(2):178-183.

PMID:40444513 | DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3821

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2025 Feb 1;26(2):169-177. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3829.

ABSTRACT

AIM: This study assessed the vertical marginal and internal fit of a single monolithic zirconia crown supported by an implant fabricated digitally from three different intraoral scanners (IOSs).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 models of implant-supported single monolithic zirconia 3Y-TPZ crown invested in epoxy resin were classified into two groups: 15 models for the marginal fit test and 15 for the internal fit test, which, based on the IOS that was employed, was then split into three subgroups (n = 5). A stereomicroscope with a 20× magnification was used to investigate vertical marginal fit. The replica technique was used to examine the samples’ internal fit. The two-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s honestly significant difference test (α = 0.05) were used to tabulate and statistically analyze the data, and p < 0.05 was used to determine whether the values were significant.

RESULTS: The calculated marginal gap results (µm) of samples fabricated with the Prime scanner was (44.4 ± 3.21 µm), followed by 3Shape scanner (52.7 ± 2.70 µm), and the highest detected gap was in samples fabricated and scanned by Omnicam scanner (62.8 ± 2.11 µm) at p ≤ 0.05. The detected internal fit of samples manufactured by the Prime scanner was (89.07 ± 4.22 µm) followed by the 3Shape scanner (97.24 ± 5.74 µm), and the least accurate (highest internal gap) was detected in samples scanned and fabricated by Omnicam scanner (120.41 ± 25.10 µm) at p ≤ 0.05.

CONCLUSION: The IOSs showed a significant difference in accuracy, as the Prime scanner showed the best marginal and internal fit results followed by 3Shape. The least accurate was Omnicam scanners.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study postulated that the success of implants supported by fixed single restoration depends on multiple factors. The marginal and internal fit are governing factors that lead to a successful long-life implant-supported single crown restoration. How to cite this article: Shoeeb ME, Abu-Eittah MRH. Assessment of Marginal and Internal Fit of Implant-supported Monolithic Zirconium Single Crown Fabricated from Three Different Intraoral Scanners: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(2):169-177.

PMID:40444512 | DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3829

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2025 Feb 1;26(2):155-162. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3832.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To assess the prevalence and distribution of enamel lamellae, enamel tufts, and incremental lines in different tooth types (incisors, canines, premolars, and molars) across various age-groups (≤20, 21-40, 41-60, and 60 and above) using histological analysis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 200 extracted human permanent teeth from individuals were collected and categorized into four groups, based on age-group I (≤20 years), group II (21-40 years), group III (41-60 years) and group IV (>60 years) including various tooth types such as incisor, canine, premolar and molars, respectively. Teeth were manually sectioned longitudinally using a carborundum disk and examined under a light microscope (10× magnification) to assess enamel lamellae, enamel tufts, enamel spindles, interglobular dentin, the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), and incremental lines in cementum. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square (χ²) test to determine statistical significance.

RESULTS: Molars were the most examined teeth (37.0%), followed by premolars (25.5%), canines (22.5%), and incisors (15.0%). Enamel lamellae were mostly grade II (43.3%) with no significant variation by age (p = 0.261) or tooth type (p = 0.653). Type A enamel lamellae (91.5%) did not differ significantly by tooth type (p = 0.237) or age (p = 0.871). The extent was primarily type E2 (72.0%) with no significant differences (p > 0.05). Enamel tufts were mostly type M1/3 (71.5%) with no age (p = 0.313) or tooth type association (p = 0.413). Enamel spindles (79%) increased with age (p = 0.011) and with tooth type (p = 0.029). Interglobular dentin (77.5%) increased significantly with age (p < 0.001) but not tooth type (p = 0.871). GAP type was the most common CEJ type (55.5%) with significant differences (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: The study concluded that enamel lamellae and tufts showed no significant variation with age or tooth type. Enamel spindles increased with age and tooth type, while interglobular dentin increased with age but not tooth type. The most common CEJ type was GAP, with significant differences observed.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Understanding the histological characteristics of enamel lamellae, tufts, and incremental lines in different teeth and age-groups is crucial in endodontics, as these structural variations influence crack propagation, fracture resistance, and treatment outcomes. Age-related changes affect dentin permeability, irrigation efficiency, and obturation success. These advancements play a crucial role in improving restorative and endodontic approaches for enamel preservation and regeneration. How to cite this article: Gupta S, Bathla S, Astekar M. Prevalence of the Histological Characteristics in Various Teeth of Different Age-groups: An Observational In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(2):155-162.

PMID:40444510 | DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3832

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2025 Feb 1;26(2):151-154. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3788.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The current investigation aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of two different agents in decontaminating the surface of dental implants.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this investigation, a total of 45 dental implants were used. In a solution of 40% brain heart infusion (BHI) and 60% entire unstimulated saliva, biofilms were grown on 45 dental implants which were divided into 3 decontamination groups at random (n = 15): Group I: Control group; group II: Ozonated water; group III: Chlorhexidine group. Processed samples were examined using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with a backscattered electron detector and a 25 kV image resolution. Data was gathered and analyzed statistically.

RESULTS: The maximum biofilms removed in the 2% chlorhexidine group was 1.24 ± 0.10 followed by the ozonated water group was 1.40 ± 0.01 and the control group was 2.04 ± 0.16. And there was a statistically significant difference found between the three groups. On pairwise comparison, a statistically significant difference was found between the control group vs ozonated water and the control group vs 2% chlorhexidine groups. There was no significant difference found between ozonated water vs 2% chlorhexidine groups.

CONCLUSION: The present study concluded that both of the decontamination agents employed were successful in removing biofilm from the implant surface. But 2% chlorhexidine group is slightly superior to the ozonated water group in removing biofilm from the implant surface.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The most crucial steps in treating peri-implantitis are removing polymicrobial biofilm and decontaminating the implant surface. The soft and hard tissues around dental implants are impacted by an inflammatory reaction known as peri-implantitis. At the peri-implant crevice level, the implant and abutment surface are colonized by an aggressive polymicrobial biofilm, so the removal of biofilm is important to prevent the condition. How to cite this article: Dash K, Rathod A, Sundaran MV, et al. Evaluation of the Efficacy of Different Agents on Decontamination of Dental Implant Surface: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(2):151-154.

PMID:40444509 | DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3788

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2025 Feb 1;26(2):144-150. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3818.

ABSTRACT

AIM: This study compared the quantitative assessments of calculus before and after using 5% pyrophosphate-containing toothpaste and fluoridated toothpaste.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A set of mouth mirrors, UNC-15 periodontal probes, 5% pyrophosphate-containing toothpaste, fluoridated toothpaste, and soft-bristled toothbrushes were used. The indices used were the Volpe-Manhold index (VMI), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI). The sample size was calculated using the independent sample t-test. Simple block randomization was followed. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Out of the 35 patients who participated, 62.85% were male and 37.14% were female, with a mean age of 26.3 years. The VMI scores in both male and female subjects decreased over 6- and 12-weeks intervals, irrespective of their enrollment in control or test groups, but it did not show a statistically significant difference (p = 0.271).

RESULTS: There was a decrease in the GI scores over 6- and 12-weeks intervals, and it was not statistically significant in the test group as compared with the control group (p = 0.223). There was also a decrease in the PI scores over 6- and 12-weeks intervals. In the test group, PI scores were better and statistically significant than those of the control group (p = 0.006).

CONCLUSION: A 5% pyrophosphate-containing dentifrice, used twice daily for 2 minutes for 3 months compared with a fluoridated dentifrice, did not cause a statistically significant difference in calculus reduction.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Pyrophosphate is largely used due to its capacity to inhibit the mineralization of plaque and calculus formation on enamel, but well-controlled studies are meager on a 5% concentration. Therefore, it is important to develop studies focused on the capacity of the pyrophosphate to inhibit calculus formation. How to cite this article: Bhogi V, Kumar S, Reddy MS, et al. Comparative Evaluation of 5% Pyrophosphate-containing Toothpaste with a Standard Fluoridated Toothpaste in the Inhibition of Calculus Formation: A Single-blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(2):144-150.

PMID:40444508 | DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3818

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2025 Feb 1;26(2):137-143. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3825.

ABSTRACT

AIM: This study evaluated the static frictional resistance of different self-ligating brackets (SLBs) and a conventional stainless steel (SS) bracket with two different archwire alloys during sliding mechanics.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 96 maxillary canine brackets were divided into four groups (24 Mini Diamond^TM conventional SS brackets, 24 Damon^TM Q2 metal passive SLBs, 24 Empower^TM 2 metal active SLBs, and 24 Damon^TM Clear 2 ceramic passive SLBs). These were tested with SS and titanium-molybdenum alloy (TMA) archwires, each measuring 0.019 × 0.025 in. The frictional resistances were measured using a Universal Testing Machine as the brackets were drawn vertically along the straight segments of the archwire. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), a one-way ANOVA with a post-hoc Tukey test, and a Student t-test were used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: The lowest mean of static frictional resistance was observed in two passive bracket groups, followed by active group and conventional group. Significant differences were found between bracket groups with SS and TMA archwires (p < 0.001), except between two passive groups, where no significant differences were found (SS: p = 0.193, TMA: p = 0.415). Among the archwires, the TMA had significantly higher static frictional resistance than SS with Mini Diamond^TM (p < 0.001) and Empower^TM 2 (p < 0.001), while there were no significant differences in frictional resistance between the SS and TMA archwires with Damon^TM Q2 (p = 0.145) and Damon^TM Clear2 (p = 0.470).

CONCLUSION: The selection of bracket systems and wire material significantly influences the frictional resistances in sliding mechanics. When TMA archwires are used for sliding mechanics, passive appliances can minimize frictional resistances.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The frictional resistances at the bracket-archwire-ligation connection significantly influence orthodontic tooth movement, which in turn affects treatment time. This study assesses the frictional resistances of different SLBs and conventional brackets with different archwires, which allows orthodontists to select the most effective bracket/archwire combination for minimizing frictional resistances. How to cite this article: Al-Dulaimi FK, Albelasy NF, Mohammad MH, et al. Evaluation of Frictional Resistance in Different Bracket Systems with Different Orthodontic Archwires: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(2):137-143.

PMID:40444507 | DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3825

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2025 Feb 1;26(2):132-136. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3826.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The aim of this study was to identify the determinants of harmonious facial profile in children aged 12-14-year-old Indonesian with Javanese ethnic group using photogrammetry.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This observational, cross-sectional study included 150 standardized facial profile photos of Indonesian Javanese children (75 boys and 75 girls) that were classified into three groups: less harmonious, harmonious, and very harmonious. Facial convexity angle, nasofacial angle, nasolabial angle, and mentolabial angle as determinants of facial profile were measured with Corel Draw Graphics Suite X7. The results of this study were statistically analyzed using the ANOVA test with a 95% confidence level in SPSS software.

RESULTS: Facial profile determinants were significantly different (p < 0.05) among groups. Facial convexity angle and nasofacial angle were different in boys, whereas in girls, the differences were observed in the facial convexity and nasolabial angle. In boys, harmonious facial profiles were defined with facial convexity angle (166.87 ± 5.13°) and nasofacial angle (29.91 ± 3.09°), meanwhile, in girls, harmonious facial profiles were determined by total facial convexity angle (113.57 ± 7.71°) and facial angle (168.87 ± 5.78°).

CONCLUSION: Determinants of facial profile harmony in Indonesian Javanese children aged 12-14-year-old were facial convexity angle and nasofacial angle in boys and facial profile angle and nasolabial angle in girls.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Determinants of harmonious facial profile in Indonesian Javanese children a valuable data for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment evaluation. How to cite this article: Andini AD, Kuswandari S. Determinants of Harmonious Facial Profile in Indonesian Javanese Children: Photogrammetric Analysis of 12-14-year-old Students. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(2):132-136.

PMID:40444506 | DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3826