Tag: nevin manimala

J Bras Nefrol. 2026 Jan-Mar;48(1):e20250010. doi: 10.1590/2175-8239-JBN-2025-0010en.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) models aimed at identify Wilms tumor on computed tomography (CT) scans.

METHODS: A search was carried out across MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Diagnostic studies using AI-based CT to diagnose Wilms tumor were included if they reported sensitivity, specificity, and AUC. Studies with incomplete data or lacking full-text availability were excluded. Statistical analysis was conducted in R (v4.3.3) using a random-effects model, with logit transformation for univariate analysis and SROC curve construction for bivariate analysis. Heterogeneity (I2 ≥ 40%) was assessed and explored via sensitivity analysis.

RESULTS: The analysis included four studies (three studies from China and one from Turkey) with 177 patients with Wilms tumors and 62 without Wilms tumors. The combined analysis of all models demonstrated a sensitivity of 63.9% (95% CI: 0.533-0.734), a specificity of 82.8% (95% CI: 0.716-0.902), and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.831 (95% CI: 0.607-0.883).

CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that AI models exhibit moderate sensitivity and high specificity to identify Wilms tumor on CT scans, with an overall AUC of 0.831. These results underscore the promise of AI as a supportive tool in diagnostic imaging, although the limited number of studies and notable methodological heterogeneity warrant cautious interpretation and reinforce the need for validation in larger, more representative populations.

PMID:41071978 | DOI:10.1590/2175-8239-JBN-2025-0010en

JMIR Res Protoc. 2025 Oct 10;14:e64066. doi: 10.2196/64066.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Frozen shoulder is an ailment that denotes dysfunction in the arm characterized by limited range of motion accompanied by pain. The prevalence of adhesive capsulitis is 3% to 5% in the general population and up to 20% in those with diabetes. Physiotherapy, analgesics, corticosteroids, and surgical capsulotomy are common forms of treatment. Administering oil through the nasal route (or nasya karma) is mentioned in the Ayurvedic scriptures for managing neck and clavicle disorders. Thermal microcautery (or agni karma) is a parasurgical procedure for treating related pathologies of bodily humors (vata and kapha). This study will aim to compare the efficacy of honey thermal microcautery, standard physiotherapy, and Sida cordifolia oil via nasal administration in the treatment of frozen shoulder to determine which provided the most relief.

OBJECTIVE: The primary aim is to evaluate the efficacy of honey thermal microcautery, standard physiotherapy, and S cordifolia oil via nasal administration using the visual analogue scale, range of motion, the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, and the McGill Pain Questionnaire and compare these interventions. The secondary objective is to assess sustained relief in all 3 groups.

METHODS: We will enroll 60 patients, 20 in each group, for this single-blind assessor-controlled study. Group A will receive Ayurvedic treatment, that is, thermal microcautery using honey for 2 days (the first and seventh) and placebo capsules (twice per day) for 7 days, group B will receive standard physiotherapy and placebo capsules (twice per day) for 7 days, and group C will be given S cordifolia oil via nasal administration with 8 drops in each nostril and placebo capsules (twice per day) for 7 days. The evaluation parameters are pain (visual analogue scale), range of motion measured using a goniometer, the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, and the McGill Pain Questionnaire. On September 18, 2023, approval was received from the Institutional Ethics Committee of Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College Hospital and Research Centre (MGACHRC/IEC/Sep-2023/740).

RESULTS: The results will be subjected to statistical analysis using appropriate methods such as ANOVA. If the ANOVA shows significance, post hoc tests (eg, the Tukey honestly significant difference test) will identify group differences, with P<.05 considered significant. As of January 2025, a total of 16 patients have been recruited, divided into 3 groups, and the final results are expected to be published in November 2025.

CONCLUSIONS: This comparative study seeks to establish the most effective treatment among honey thermal microcautery, standard physiotherapy, and S cordifolia oil nasya for managing frozen shoulder, potentially offering new integrative approaches to treating this condition.

PMID:41071977 | DOI:10.2196/64066

Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes. 2025 Oct 10:qcaf122. doi: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcaf122. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Current European Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) prevention guidelines recommend 10-year risk assessment using the SCORE2 model to identify individuals eligible for preventive treatment. Risk can be estimated using conventional risk charts or online calculators, though these methods may differ in precision and treatment classification.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Individuals without established CVD or diabetes mellitus were included from CPRD (United Kingdom, Europe’s low risk region, n=977,616) and HAPIEE (Czech Republic and Poland, high risk region and Lithuania, very high risk region, n=11,739). During median 8.4 years (IQR 5.0-10.4), 22,898 CVD events occurred. SCORE2 risk was estimated via two methods: an online calculator (unrounded SCORE2 algorithm) and risk charts from the 2021 ESC Prevention Guidelines. Predicted risks were higher with the risk charts than with the online calculator. In the low risk region, the median 10-year risk was 4.0% (IQR 2.0-6.0) with the risk charts versus 3.7% (IQR 2.3-5.8) with the calculator. In the high/very high-risk region, risk was 9.0% (IQR 5.0-15.0) and 8.4% (IQR 4.5-13.9), respectively. Chart-based risk assessment resulted in higher treatment eligibility (6.3% versus 4.0% in the low risk region; 51% versus 43% in high/very high risk region). Discrimination was higher with the online calculator: difference in C-statistic +0.010 (95%CI 0.008-0.012) in low risk region, +0.008 (95%CI 0.005-0.010) in high/very high risk region. Calibration was adequate for both approaches. Assuming a 50% relative risk reduction for preventive treatment, this corresponded to 53 vs. 46 events prevented per 1000 treated in the low-risk region and 80 vs. 74 in the high/very-high-risk region (calculator vs. risk charts).

CONCLUSION: Risk assessment using SCORE2 risk charts yields too high predicted risks and too broad treatment eligibility. By avoiding rounding of risk factors, the online calculator shows better discrimination.

PMID:41071935 | DOI:10.1093/ehjqcco/qcaf122

J Alzheimers Dis. 2025 Oct 10:13872877251384967. doi: 10.1177/13872877251384967. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by cognitive decline and memory impairment. Identifying early markers of AD is critical for timely diagnosis and intervention.ObjectiveThis study aimed to characterize the neuropsychological and pathological features of cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals who later progressed to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD, referred to as At-Risk CU. The goal was to support accurate staging and inform early therapeutic strategies.MethodsParticipants were categorized into CU, At-Risk CU, MCI, and AD groups. Data analyses focused on neuroimaging scans, neuropsychological assessments, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (including Aβ_1-40/Aβ_1-42 and p-Tau/t-Tau), and APOE genotypes. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was employed to assess gray matter (GM) volume and white matter (WM) integrity. Statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate group differences and associations.ResultsVBM revealed progressive GM atrophy and WM disruptions across the continuum from CU to At-Risk CU, MCI, and AD, particularly in the hippocampus and adjacent regions. Neuropsychological assessments showed significant cognitive decline across stages, while dynamic changes in CSF biomarkers in At-Risk CU suggested compensatory mechanisms. The APOE ε4 allele was strongly associated with AD progression, whereas the ε2 allele demonstrated protective effects. GM volume was significantly correlated with ADAS11 and ADAS13 scores.ConclusionsThis study identifies At-Risk CU as a distinct and clinically meaningful stage in AD progression, marked by structural, cognitive, and biomarker alterations. Integrating neuropsychological assessments, neuroimaging, and CSF biomarkers may facilitate early detection and enable targeted interventions to improve outcomes for individuals at elevated risk of AD.

PMID:41071913 | DOI:10.1177/13872877251384967

Future Med Chem. 2025 Oct 10:1-8. doi: 10.1080/17568919.2025.2570969. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: To design, synthesize, and characterize N-(4-bromophenyl)-2-(substituted fluorobenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamides (II-IV) and evaluate their in vitro cytotoxicity against DLD-1 and MDA-MB-231 cells, supported by molecular docking.

MATERIALS & METHODS: Compounds were obtained by condensations of substituted fluorobenzaldehydes with N-(4-bromophenyl)hydrazinecarbothioamide and characterized by NMR, FTIR, and MS. DLD-1 and MDA-MB-231 cells were exposed to 50-1600 µg/mL for 24 h; viability was measured using a commercial colorimetric assay. Statistics used one-way ANOVA with post hoc tests. Blind docking was performed with CB-Dock2 and interactions inspected in Discovery Studio.

RESULTS: All compounds decreased viability in a concentration-dependent manner. In MDA-MB-231, Compounds I, II, and IV showed significant effects (ANOVA p < 0.001). In DLD-1, Compound IV reached p ≤ 0.01 and Compounds I-II p < 0.001; the IC₅₀ of Compound I in DLD-1 was 1383.2 µg/mL. Docking suggested favorable binding poses stabilized by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic/halogen interactions at key residues.

CONCLUSIONS: The 4-bromophenyl thiosemicarbazone/Schiff-base scaffold exhibits measurable antiproliferative activity with substitution-dependent trends supported by docking. These findings warrant structure optimization to enhance potency and selectivity and motivate follow-up mechanistic assays. (Not a clinical trial; CONSORT not applicable.).

PMID:41070604 | DOI:10.1080/17568919.2025.2570969

Leuk Lymphoma. 2025 Oct 10:1-8. doi: 10.1080/10428194.2025.2564769. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Allo-HSCT is a potentially curative treatment for hematologic diseases, but long-term quality of life (QoL) remains a concern. Factors like GVHD, comorbidities, and post-transplant complications can impact survivorship. Understanding QoL in long-term survivors is key to improving care strategies. This observational study included allo-HSCT patients aged ≥18 years, transplanted between January 2010 and December 2015. QoL was assessed by telephone using FACT-BMT and EQ-5D-5L, along with clinical data. Statistical analyses examined associations between QoL and clinical factors. Sixty-seven long-term survivors participated (median follow-up: 7 years). The mean FACT-BMT score was 115.2/148, indicating generally good QoL. However, patients with active GVHD showed reduced physical and emotional functioning. Stem cell source also influenced specific FACT-BMT subscores. Long-term QoL after allo-HSCT is generally favorable, but physical and emotional challenges persist, especially with active GVHD. Targeted interventions and proactive management are crucial to improving overall survivorship care.

PMID:41070598 | DOI:10.1080/10428194.2025.2564769

Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 2025 Oct 9. doi: 10.4081/monaldi.2025.3227. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Acute lower respiratory infections are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children globally. There is a lack of data reflecting the true burden of viral lower respiratory tract infections from low-middle-income countries like Pakistan. This study aims to describe the epidemiology and outcome of viral lower respiratory infection. This was a cross-sectional and retrospective study carried out from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2021. We identified 13 different non-COVID viral respiratory pathogens. The statistical association was assessed between different factors, i.e., viral respiratory pathogens, with invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation, inotropic support, and mortality. A p-value of <0.05 was taken as significant. Among 234 patients, 187 (80%) had positive viral polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Males were predominant (n=137, 58%). The most common respiratory pathogen was the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (n=62, 26%), followed by entero/rhinovirus (n=24, 10%). Half of the patients (n=92, 50%) had a pediatric intensive care stay, and all required non-invasive mechanical ventilation (hi-flow). One-fifth of patients (n=34, 18%) required invasive mechanical ventilation and inotropic support. Overall, 8 (4%) patients with positive viral PCR died during the hospital stay. All the patients had associated comorbidity. RSV is the most common respiratory pathogen identified. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation, particularly high-flow therapy, is crucial in managing patients with viral illnesses, though a subset may still require invasive support. These findings highlight the importance of preventive strategies, including vaccination, which could significantly reduce the burden of viral infections, minimize the need for intensive care interventions, and lower morbidity and mortality.

PMID:41070591 | DOI:10.4081/monaldi.2025.3227

J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2025 Sep;39(3):191-199. doi: 10.22514/jofph.2025.061. Epub 2025 Sep 12.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the frequency and associated factors of cervicogenic headache (CGH) in individuals with forward head posture (FHP). Additionally, craniovertebral angle (CVA)-related factors were examined in patients diagnosed with CGH.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 117 patients aged 18-45 years who presented with neck pain and were identified with FHP. CGH diagnosis was based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) criteria. CVA was measured using posture analysis software, and assessments included the Neck Disability Index (NDI), Henry Ford Headache Disability Inventory (HDI-T), Headache Impact Scale (HIT-6), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain. Statistical analyses included independent t-tests, chi-square tests and logistic regression models.

RESULTS: The frequency of CGH in patients with FHP was 53.8%. Compared to the non-CGH group, those with CGH had significantly lower CVA (p = 0.030) and higher PSQI (p = 0.001) and BDI scores (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis identified low CVA (Odds Ratio (OR): 0.878, p = 0.014) and poor sleep quality (OR: 1.140, p = 0.025) as independent predictors of CGH. Additionally, Body Mass Index and VAS scores were negatively correlated with CVA (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: FHP may be associated with CGH, possibly through increased biomechanical load and neuromechanical sensitivity. Interventions such as corrective exercises, weight management, and improving sleep quality may be considered as supportive strategies in CGH management; however, causal relationships cannot be inferred from this study. Further studies are needed to explore the long-term effects of postural interventions on CGH.

PMID:41070580 | DOI:10.22514/jofph.2025.061

J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2025 Sep;39(3):183-190. doi: 10.22514/jofph.2025.060. Epub 2025 Sep 12.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic orofacial pain disorder. The etiology and pathophysiology of BMS remain unclear; multiple factors may interact in complex ways. There is a need for simpler and more cost-effective BMS evaluation criteria. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire version 2 (SF-MPQ-2) in patients with BMS and develop a subscale based on factor analysis of the results to classify patients per their symptoms.

METHODS: Several factors such as patient characteristics (age, sex, smoking habit, and medical history), the SF-MPQ-2 (original: eleven-point rating scale and modified: four-point rating scale), and the numerical rating scale (NRS) of BMS were examined and analyzed.

RESULTS: In total, 38 patients were enrolled. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.93 (0.88-0.96) and 0.83 (0.74-0.90) for the SF-MPQ-2 (original) and SF-MPQ-2 (Modified), respectively. Only the correlation between the NRS and the SF-MPQ-2 (Modified) reached statistical significance. These results showed that the SF-MPQ-2 (Modified) were more reliable than the SF-MPQ-2 (Original). Factor analysis led to classification into three new factors.

CONCLUSIONS: SF-MPQ-2 was useful for BMS. In current clinical practice, the modified questionnaire may yield similar or better results, and a more precise treatment strategy can be pursued by classifying responses according to the proposed subscales and examining treatment effects.

PMID:41070579 | DOI:10.22514/jofph.2025.060

J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2025 Sep;39(3):172-182. doi: 10.22514/jofph.2025.059. Epub 2025 Sep 12.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the relationships between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings (such as condylar degeneration, disc displacement, joint effusion and disc deformity) and clinical symptoms in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs).

METHODS: A total of 54 patients (108 temporomandibular joints (TMJs)) were included. Clinical evaluations assessed joint pain, joint sounds, mouth opening limitations, deviation/deflection and locking. MRI scans were analyzed for condylar degeneration, disc displacement (disc displacement with reduction (DDWR) or disc displacement without reduction (DDWOR)), joint effusion, and disc morphology. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests/Fisher’s exact tests for categorical variables. A p value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

RESULTS: DDWR and DDWOR were significantly associated with joint pain (p = 0.044) and sounds (p = 0.032). Joint effusion demonstrated no clear correlation with clinical symptoms. Condylar degeneration was frequently observed but had limited clinical impact, except for a reduction in joint sounds (p = 0.03). Moreover, disc deformity was significantly correlated with condylar degeneration and joint effusion (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: MRI findings provide valuable insights into the structural changes observed in TMDs. Although disc displacement is strongly linked to pain and joint sounds, condylar degeneration and effusion exhibit more complex relationships with clinical symptoms.

PMID:41070578 | DOI:10.22514/jofph.2025.059