Tag: nevin manimala

Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2025 Dec;16(1):2542045. doi: 10.1080/20008066.2025.2542045. Epub 2025 Sep 2.

ABSTRACT

Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a significant public health concern among adolescents, particularly in psychiatric settings, where prevalence rates exceed those observed in the general community. Childhood maltreatment (CM) is a known risk factor for NSSI; however, the mechanisms linking CM to NSSI are not fully understood.Objective: This study explored the mediating roles of stressful life events (SLEs) and negative affect (depression and anxiety) in the relationship between CM and NSSI, grounded in the cumulative adversity theory.Methods: In this cross-sectional survey, 226 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 14.76, SD = 1.70) admitted to a psychiatric unit participated. Measures included the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF), the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist (ASLEC), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and the Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory Chinese Revised Edition (OSIC). Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyze mediation pathways.Results: Stressful life events and negative affect fully mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and NSSI. Specifically, CM indirectly influenced NSSI severity through increased negative affect (β = 0.088, 95% CI: 0.014-0.186, p = .039) and through a sequential pathway involving both SLEs and negative affect (β = 0.137, 95% CI: 0.072-0.251, p = .002). However, the pathway from CM to NSSI via SLEs alone was not significant (β = -0.053, 95% CI: -0.267 to 0.093, p = .565).Conclusion: The findings align with cumulative adversity theory, suggesting that childhood maltreatment elevates NSSI risk by increasing emotional distress in response to subsequent stressful life events. Targeted interventions should focus on helping at-risk adolescents manage stress and strengthen emotional resilience.

PMID:40891308 | DOI:10.1080/20008066.2025.2542045

J Liver Cancer. 2025 Sep 2. doi: 10.17998/jlc.2025.08.26. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Identifying metabolic biomarkers can enhance early detection and risk stratification of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to assess the potential causal effects of metabolites on HCC risk.

METHODS: We performed meta-analyses to pool the effects of genetic instruments from 64 previously published genome-wide association studies. Summary statistics for HCC were obtained from a meta-analysis of the UK BioBank and FinnGen cohorts. MR analyses for the association between 3,275 metabolites and HCC risk were performed using inverse variance weighted, weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO methods to estimate the association. Enrichment analyses were performed on the significant metabolites to identify biological pathways associated with macronutrient intake.

RESULTS: We identified 99 metabolites that were positively and 36 metabolites that were negatively associated with HCC risk. Methyl glucopyranoside and phosphatidylcholine C38:3 were positively associated with HCC risk, whereas while 3-dehydrocarnitine and 10-undecenoate were inversely associated, with no evidence of heterogeneity, pleiotropy, or outlier effects for any of these associations. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that metabolites associated with increased HCC risk were primarily related to amino acid transport and solute carrier transporter disorders, whereas those linked to reduced risk were mainly involved in inositol and phosphatidylinositol metabolism, glycerophospholipid catabolism, and MeCP2-related regulatory processes.

CONCLUSION: This comprehensive MR study identified several metabolites with potential causal roles in HCC development. Our findings highlight nutrient transport, lipid metabolism, and related regulatory mechanisms as key components of HCC pathogenesis, offering new avenues for biomarker discovery and therapeutic intervention.

PMID:40891298 | DOI:10.17998/jlc.2025.08.26

Alzheimers Dement. 2025 Sep;21(9):e70605. doi: 10.1002/alz.70605.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) involves complex neurodegeneration in the locus coeruleus (LC) and substantia nigra (SN), critical brain regions affecting cognitive and emotional processes.

METHODS: Using the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center dataset of 11,583 participants, we conducted a multimodal analysis involving descriptive statistics, multifactorial regression, mediation analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curve assessment.

RESULTS: LC degenerative changes (18.57%) significantly exceeded SN changes (4.69%). The LC demonstrated stronger correlations with psychiatric symptoms and cognitive impairment. High LC/low SN damage patterns showed the strongest associations with mild cognitive impairment (OR = 2.38) and AD (OR = 3.56).

DISCUSSION: Our research reveals the heterogeneous degeneration patterns of LC and SN in AD, providing crucial insights into neurobiological mechanisms and potential strategies for early diagnosis and intervention.

HIGHLIGHTS: This study provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the heterogeneous neurodegeneration patterns in AD through a detailed examination of the LC and SN. The research bridges the gap between neuroanatomical changes and neuropsychiatric symptoms, offering a more nuanced perspective on disease progression. Our findings challenge traditional linear models of neurodegeneration, emphasizing the complex and non-uniform nature of neural deterioration in AD. The study underscores the critical importance of investigating multiple neural nuclei to comprehensively understand neurodegenerative processes. By exploring the differential vulnerabilities of LC and SN, we provide new insights into potential targeted therapeutic interventions.

PMID:40891260 | DOI:10.1002/alz.70605

Cancer Rep (Hoboken). 2025 Sep;8(9):e70335. doi: 10.1002/cnr2.70335.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors have been shown to improve progression-free survival in patients with advanced high-grade epithelial non-mucinous ovarian cancers characterized by a deficiency in homologous recombination (HRD). Guidelines recommend all patients with advanced high-grade epithelial ovarian cancer undergo genomic tumor testing for HRD. Our aim was to evaluate the first year of HRD testing at the statewide Western Australia Gynecologic Cancer Service to assess factors associated with obtaining a diagnostic HRD testing result.

METHODS: Retrospective chart review.

RESULTS: HRD testing was indicated in 84 patients, and ordered in 79, of which three had non-diagnostic/inconclusive results, all due to insufficient tumor quantity. One patient had the sample collected using a 20-gauge core biopsy needle under image guidance, one patient following interval debulking surgery, and one following primary debulking surgery. Of 76 patients with an HRD result, HRD was positive in 29 (38.2%). A somatic BRCA mutation was detected in six of these 29 patients (20.6%) and HRD positive, BRCAwt was detected in 23 of 29 patients (79.4%). All core biopsies with 16- and 18-gauge needles had a diagnostic HRD result. Ten of 11 patients who were treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy and whose biopsies were obtained at interval cytoreductive surgery had sufficient tumor tissue for testing and had a diagnostic HRD result. All ascitic/pleural fluid samples sent for HRD testing yielded diagnostic results.

CONCLUSIONS: Compliance with HRD testing was high, and only three of 79 (3.8%) patients had non-diagnostic results.

PMID:40891252 | DOI:10.1002/cnr2.70335

Scand J Occup Ther. 2025 Aug 29;32(1):2555182. doi: 10.1080/11038128.2025.2555182. Epub 2025 Sep 2.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Assessment of work ability is complex yet crucial in occupational health and vocational rehabilitation. Evaluating psychometric properties is essential to ensure the accuracy of assessment tools in this field.

AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Finnish version of the Assessment of Work Performance (AWP-FI) with a focus on construct validity.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The AWP assesses a client’s observable working skills during work performance in three domains: motor skills, process skills, and communication and interaction skills. Ninety-four AWP-FI assessments were performed by 17 occupational therapists in Finland. A Rasch analysis was conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties.

RESULTS: The AWP-FI presented an overall fit to the Rasch model with acceptable item-fit statistics and items performing stably between gender, work tasks, and observation types. A suboptimal targeting was evident and issues concerning local dependency among items and indications of multidimensionality were indicated.

CONCLUSION: This study provides an initial validation of the AWP-FI, demonstrating generally acceptable psychometric properties, suggesting that the AWP-FI is valid and reliable for assessing work performance. Further testing is recommended to address the identified issues with local dependence and suboptimal targeting.

PMID:40891248 | DOI:10.1080/11038128.2025.2555182

Glob Health Action. 2025 Dec;18(1):2547495. doi: 10.1080/16549716.2025.2547495. Epub 2025 Sep 2.

ABSTRACT

Over the coming decades Africa is projected to undergo a significant demographic shift towards an older population. Healthcare provision for older adults is made more complex by age-related multimorbidity and frailty, which contribute to older adults more frequently requiring intensive, hospital-based treatment than those in younger age groups. We investigate age and sex-stratified, diagnosis-specific hospital referral patterns in Harare, Zimbabwe to understand referral practices for older adults. This retrospective analysis of attendance records from primary health clinics (n = 8) over six years (2016 to 2021) investigated associations between age, sex and diagnosis and recommended hospital referral. Analysis compared the percentage referred between those aged ≥65 years and those younger than 65 years. The records contained 195,999 attendances. Median attendee age was 9 years (IQR 1.75-32); 52.5% were female; 5.4% were aged ≥65 years. Overall, 14.9% attendances resulted in hospital referral. The highest referral percentage by diagnosis was for trauma (47.8% referred overall, 40.5% of those aged ≥65 years referred). The overall percentage referred in those aged ≥65 years (18.5%) was the same as those aged 35-44 years (18.0%); this pattern was observed across diverse diagnoses including acute respiratory infections, hypertension and musculo-skeletal pain. Despite age-associated morbidity and theoretically free public healthcare to those aged ≥65 years in Zimbabwe, older adults are no more likely to be referred than young adults to higher level care, across multiple disease classes, including infective, musculoskeletal and cardiovascular diseases. This may reflect a healthcare system not yet orientated towards an ageing population’s needs.

PMID:40891239 | DOI:10.1080/16549716.2025.2547495

Nord J Psychiatry. 2025 Sep 2:1-8. doi: 10.1080/08039488.2025.2553573. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The hepatic cytochrome P450 system includes the polymorphic CYP2D6 gene. CYP2D6 ultra rapid metabolizers (UMs) were 10-fold more common in suicide victims than in the general population in a previous study. The aim of this study was to investigate if the occurrence of the CYP2D6 UM genotype differs between subjects with and without previous suicide attempt in patients treated for depression in secondary psychiatric care.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study “Genes, Depression and Suicidality” (GEN-DS) included 407 subjects treated for depression in secondary psychiatric care between 2012 and 2021. Subjects were genotyped for CYP2D6, interviewed according to a semi-structured protocol and diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th ed (DSM-IV-TR).

RESULTS: Of the 407 subjects, 128 subjects (31.4%) had a history of one or more suicide attempt. Two (1.6%) in the suicide attempt group were categorized as UMs, as compared to 9 (3.2%) in the non-suicide attempt group. There was no statistical significance between the groups (p = 0.27, Fisher’s exact test). Bipolar disorder, personality disorders, substance use disorders and lifetime presence of psychotic symptoms were more common in suicide attempters.

CONCLUSION: Based on our results, CYP2D6 UMs are not over-represented among suicide attempters in depressed patients treated in secondary psychiatric care. Analysis of CYP2D6 genotype can be useful for optimizing pharmacological treatment in depression but genotyping does not seem relevant for the clinical assessment of suicidality in difficult-to-treat depression.

PMID:40891234 | DOI:10.1080/08039488.2025.2553573

Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2025 Sep 2. doi: 10.1039/d5cp01448d. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The development and testing of methods in computational chemistry for the prediction of physicochemical properties is by now a mature form of scientific research, with a number of different methods ranging from molecular mechanics simulations, over quantum calculations, to empirical and machine learning models. Blind prediction challenges for these properties are regularly organized to allow researchers from academia and industry to test their methods in a fair and unbiased manner. At the same time, research data management (RDM) is still not utilized as extensively as it could be in the development and application of such models, especially in academia. In particular, the FAIR standards (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) can serve as guidelines for good RDM, but many models, the data used to train them, and the data they generate fall short of one, or multiple, of these standards. The goal of the first euroSAMPL pK_a blind prediction challenge was to promote and help develop good RDM standards for computational chemistry. To achieve this, the challenge was designed to rank not just the predictive performance of the models but also evaluate the adherence to the FAIR principles by cross-evaluation of the participants themselves. We here present the analysis of the blind prediction quality by their statistical metrics as well as of the cross-evaluation by a newly defined “FAIRscore”. The results suggest that multiple methods can predict the pK_a to within chemical accuracy, but also that “consensus” predictions constructed from multiple, independent methods may outperform each individual prediction. Furthermore, the state of research data management in the field of computational chemistry is discussed, and suggestions for future improvements developed.

PMID:40891233 | DOI:10.1039/d5cp01448d

Ethn Health. 2025 Sep 2:1-19. doi: 10.1080/13557858.2025.2550679. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The Hispanic Health Paradox suggests that Hispanics and their culture may possess certain protective factors that mitigate the negative impact of lower socioeconomic status on health. Much of the existing literature has focused on the United States. Such paradoxical advantage on diabetes was explored among Hispanics in Canada.

DESIGN: Secondary data from four cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey from 2015 to 2018 were examined. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted with the following samples: Hispanics (1,799), Non-Hispanic White (168,225), and other racialized groups (33,730). The statistical and practical significance or strength and precision of the predictor-outcome relationships were estimated with odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) that were derived from regression statistics.

RESULTS: Despite overall lower socioeconomic status, Hispanics were about 79% less likely than Non-Hispanic Whites to have diabetes. Hispanic ethnicity significantly interacted with age, sex, income, and immigration status in predicting diabetes risk. Hispanic ethnicity was most protective for middle-aged adults (OR = 0.72) but not seniors. Hispanic males experienced greater protection (OR = 0.77) than females (OR = 0.90). Low-income Hispanics showed the strongest protective effects (ORs = 0.62-0.85). Recent immigrants to Canada (<10 years) exhibited moderate protection (ORs = 0.90-0.93), though unexpectedly, Canadian-born Hispanics had the lowest risk (OR = 0.59).

CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the nuanced and paradoxical protective effects of Hispanic ethnicity on diabetes risk.

PMID:40891229 | DOI:10.1080/13557858.2025.2550679

Scand J Urol. 2025 Sep 2;60:158-163. doi: 10.2340/sju.v60.44585.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate oncological and functional outcomes after salvage robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (sRALP).

MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included 60 patients, consecutively treated with sRALP for radiorecurrent prostate cancer (PCa) at Oslo University Hospital (OUS). Data were collected from our PCa registry and electronic patient journal (EPJ). PSA persistence was defined as PSA ≥ 0.1 ng/mL 6 weeks postoperatively, and these patients were not included in the survival analysis. Logistic regression was used to find -variables associated with PSA persistence. Biochemical recurrence (BCR) was defined as PSA ≥ 0.2 ng/mL. Cox regression was used to analyse BCR-free survival. Urinary leakage was graded as minor, moderate or severe. Complications were classified according to the Clavien-Dindo classification.

RESULTS: Twenty-three patients (38%) had persistent PSA. With a median follow-up of 82 months (interquartile range [IQR] 48-101 months), 16 patients (28%) had no BCR or start of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Twelve patients (20%) were deceased, 10 (17%) from PCa. Preoperative PSA was statistically significantly associated with persistent PSA (p = 0.01). International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Grade Group 5 showed a statistically significant association with BCR (p = 0.01). Anastomosis leakage and strictures occurred in 27 (45%) and 15 patients (33%), respectively. Twenty-nine patients (48%) suffered severe urinary leakage, whilst 11 patients (24%) had moderate urinary leakage. Eleven patients (18%) received artificial urinary sphincters, and 10 patients (17%) underwent urinary diversion. Two patients suffered a grade 4 complication (sepsis), whilst 25 patients (41%) had grade 3 complications, most of which were related to intervention in the urinary system. Conclusion: Salvage RALP for radiorecurrent PCa has limited effect on oncological outcomes. Patients should be thoroughly informed about the high risk of urinary leakage and severe surgical complications.

PMID:40891205 | DOI:10.2340/sju.v60.44585