Tag: nevin manimala

Vet World. 2025 Aug;18(8):2367-2376. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2025.2367-2376. Epub 2025 Aug 21.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Laser acupuncture has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological approach to enhance productivity in livestock. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of laser acupuncture applied to specific back-shu points (Bladder [BL]13, BL15, and BL21) on growth performance, feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency (FE), and growth hormone (GH) levels in rabbits.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 24 male Hycole rabbits were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 8): Group A (placebo control), Group B (laser acupuncture on BL13, BL15, and BL21), and Group C (laser acupuncture on non-specific points). Treatments were conducted weekly over a 6-week period using a 0.2-joule semiconductor laser device. Body weight, feed intake, FCR, FE, and GH concentrations were recorded. GH levels were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were statistically evaluated using a one-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s post hoc test.

RESULTS: Group B showed significantly higher final body weight (1.97 ± 0.07 kg), weight gain (919 ± 128 g), GH levels (1.75 ± 0.12 ng/mL), improved FCR (2.67 ± 0.07), and greater FE (37.45% ± 1.09%) compared to Groups A and C (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between Groups A and C, indicating the importance of targeting precise acupuncture points for therapeutic effectiveness.

CONCLUSION: Laser acupuncture at BL13, BL15, and BL21 significantly enhances metabolic efficiency, growth performance, and hormonal regulation in rabbits. The precision of point application is critical for achieving optimal physiological benefits. This technique provides a sustainable and non-invasive approach to enhancing feed utilization and productivity in rabbit farming and holds promise for broader application in modern animal husbandry.

PMID:41064818 | PMC:PMC12501583 | DOI:10.14202/vetworld.2025.2367-2376

Front Rehabil Sci. 2025 Sep 23;6:1677621. doi: 10.3389/fresc.2025.1677621. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a leading cause of disability among industrial workers worldwide, often resulting from excessive physical and mental workload. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MSDs and their correlation with workload including physical and mental dimensions among industrial workers in the cleaning and ballasting division of a Peruvian shipyard.

METHODS: A cross-sectional, correlational study was conducted in 2023 among 100 workers selected from a population of 134. Workload was assessed using a validated questionnaire covering physical and mental dimensions, while MSDs were evaluated with the standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics summarized the prevalence of workload and MSDs, and the relationship between variables was analyzed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient, considering a significance threshold of p < 0.05.

RESULTS: High workload was identified in 85% of workers, with both physical and mental workload dimensions reaching high levels in the same proportion. The prevalence of severe MSDs was 88%, affecting primarily the wrist/hand, neck, shoulder, lumbar region, and elbow/forearm. A strong and statistically significant positive correlation was found between overall workload and MSDs (Spearman’s rho = 0.896, p < 0.001). Similar correlations were observed for the physical (rho = 0.834) and mental (rho = 0.896) workload dimensions.

CONCLUSION: Severe musculoskeletal disorders are highly prevalent among industrial workers exposed to substantial physical and mental workload. The strong correlations observed highlight the need for comprehensive occupational health strategies that address both ergonomic and psychosocial risk factors to reduce the burden of MSDs in industrial settings.

PMID:41064811 | PMC:PMC12500539 | DOI:10.3389/fresc.2025.1677621

Cureus. 2025 Oct 6;17(10):e93986. doi: 10.7759/cureus.93986. eCollection 2025 Oct.

ABSTRACT

Background Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for impaired lung function and the development of chronic respiratory diseases. Early detection of pulmonary changes using spirometry can help in timely intervention and prevention of long-term complications. Objective To compare spirometry parameters between smokers and non-smokers, and to evaluate the effect of bronchodilator administration on pulmonary function in both groups. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 60 participants (30 smokers and 30 non-smokers). Spirometry was performed before and after bronchodilator administration to measure vital capacity (VC%), forced vital capacity (FVC%), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV₁%), FEV₁/FVC ratio, forced expiratory flow over the middle one half of the FVC (FEF25-75%), maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV%), and expiratory time. Paired t-tests were used for within-group comparisons, and independent t-tests for between-group comparisons. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Smokers had significantly lower baseline spirometry values compared to non-smokers across all parameters (p < 0.001). Both groups showed statistically significant improvements post-bronchodilator (p < 0.001), with smokers exhibiting a smaller magnitude of improvement. Notably, FEV₁% increased from 47.2 ± 6.8 to 60.3 ± 11.5 in smokers and from 56.3 ± 7.1 to 73.3 ± 7.4 in non-smokers. The FEV₁/FVC ratio and other flow rates showed similar patterns. Expiratory time also increased post-bronchodilator in both groups. Conclusion Smoking is associated with marked reductions in lung function and diminished bronchodilator responsiveness. Early spirometric screening in smokers is essential to identify functional decline and guide smoking cessation and treatment strategies to prevent progression of pulmonary disease.

PMID:41064803 | PMC:PMC12501396 | DOI:10.7759/cureus.93986

Cureus. 2025 Oct 7;17(10):c349. doi: 10.7759/cureus.c349. eCollection 2025 Oct.

ABSTRACT

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63482.].

PMID:41064799 | PMC:PMC12503352 | DOI:10.7759/cureus.c349

Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2025 Oct 8;17(1):386. doi: 10.1186/s13098-025-01959-3.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) is recognized as a significant indicator of relative hyperglycemia that has demonstrated to correlate with poor outcomes, including elevated mortality rates in individuals facing severe acute conditions. However, the connection between SHR and all-cause mortality and premature death in individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains insufficiently investigated. This research intended to investigate the relationship between SHR and all-cause mortality and premature death among individuals with CVD.

METHODS: This cohort study involved data extracted from 2,714 follow-up cohorts sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants were categorized based on SHR quartiles. The relationship between SHR and all-cause mortality and premature death in CVD patients was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, restricted cubic splines (RCS), Cox proportional hazards models, threshold effect analysis, and subgroup analyses.

RESULTS: Over an average follow-up duration of 88.38 months, 1,201 deaths were documented, of which 351 were classified as premature. The Kaplan-Meier curves illustrated that individuals in quartile 2 of SHR exhibited highest survival probability compared to other quartiles. Cox proportional hazards regression revealed a positive association between SHR (for continuous) and all-cause mortality (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.12-2.19) as well as premature death (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.10-3.49). Compared with the second quartile, both lower and higher SHR values were significantly correlated with elevated risk of all-cause mortality and premature death (HR > 1, P-value < 0.05). The RCS analysis elucidated a U-shaped association of SHR with risk of all-cause mortality and premature death. Furthermore, the threshold effect analysis pinpointed the inflection points for SHR relative to all-cause mortality and premature death at 0.86 and 0.87, respectively. E-value indicated that the model demonstrated robust stability concerning potential unknown confounding variables.

CONCLUSION: An independent association of SHR with all-cause mortality and premature death was observed among individuals with CVD. Maintaining SHR within a moderate range might improve their prognosis.

PMID:41063297 | DOI:10.1186/s13098-025-01959-3

J Orthop Surg Res. 2025 Oct 8;20(1):883. doi: 10.1186/s13018-025-06300-2.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study evaluates the effects of exenatide (EXE), a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, on bone healing in rats using a single radius cortical defect model and histopathological, biochemical, and in silico methods.

METHODS: Forty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats, excluding controls, were divided into 7 groups after receiving a standard radius defect. The serum levels of total protein (TP), calcium (Ca²⁺), phosphorus (P), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in each specimen were measured. Radius samples were examined histopathologically using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson’s trichrome staining. Molecular docking analyses were used to assess EXE interactions with the GLP-1 receptor and osteogenic transcription factors. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: Changes in the selected serum markers were observed in the blood samples obtained from the specimens; however, these changes may not have been due to EXE administration. No significant negative effect on bone healing was observed in the groups that received subcutaneous EXE after the bone defect was created. By contrast, it was observed that for the treatment group that received EXE for 7 consecutive days before the bone defect was created on Day 7, bone healing progressed more slowly than in the groups treated with saline. Regarding the binding of EXE to the other target receptors, root mean square deviation (RMSD) values were low, bruised surface area (BSA) was high, and electrostatic interactions were strong, indicating that the ligand (i.e., EXE) binds to the selected receptor surfaces.

CONCLUSION: Although the data obtained from the in vitro analyses in this study were verified using molecular docking, it should be noted that its design is preclinical. Given the widespread clinical use of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), our research findings may have translational relevance. Although derived from an experimental animal model, these results suggest that GLP-1 agonists such as EXE can exert additional effects on bone healing and inflammatory processes, thus warranting further studies, including controlled clinical investigations, to elucidate the potential implications for patient care.

PMID:41063270 | DOI:10.1186/s13018-025-06300-2

BMC Med. 2025 Oct 8;23(1):543. doi: 10.1186/s12916-025-04318-1.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by dysregulated interferon (IFN) signaling. Despite its importance, a comprehensive and systematic synthesis of available data is lacking and findings across studies have been inconsistent. To address this gap, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate global variations in IFNα, IFN-γ, and some important cytokines in adult SLE cases compared to healthy controls (HCs). Furthermore, we assessed their association with disease activity and effect of detection methods, sample types, and regional variations.

METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus as primary databases, with Google Scholar used as a supplementary search engine, using MeSH terms and keywords related to SLE and IFNs (up to 15 November 2024). The Quantitative synthesis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis, calculating standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random-effects model for continuous outcomes. Correlation data were analyzed using Fisher’s z transformation. Publication bias was accessed using funnel plots and Egger’s test. For heterogeneity, Cochrane’s Q test, I² statistic, subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and Bayesian meta-analysis were conducted.

RESULTS: A total of 33 eligible studies, comparing IFN levels among 2307 SLE patients and 1599 HCs were included. Significantly elevated levels of IFNα (SMD = 1.428, 95%CI [0.78, 2.08], p < 0.001) and IFNγ (SMD = 0.922, 95%CI [0.32, 1.52], p = 0.003) in SLE patients compared with HCs were observed. Elevated levels of IFNγ were correlated with disease activity (SMD = 0.609, 95%CI [0.30, 0.91], p < 0.001). Additionally, significantly elevated levels of key pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 (SMD = 0.679, 95%CI [0.45, 0.90], p < 0.001) and TNFα (SMD = 1.754, 95%CI [0.25, 3.26], p = 0.022), were observed. Subgroup analyses revealed that differences in detection method, sample type, and geographic regions could influence measured cytokine levels.

CONCLUSIONS: The elevated IFN levels in SLE patients, with a significant correlation of IFNγ with disease activity, suggest their role in disease pathogenesis and potential as a biomarker for monitoring disease activity. The findings identify IFNs and key pro-inflammatory cytokines as potential therapeutic targets. Given the limitations of our study, future research employing robust study designs and methodologies are warranted to increase the reliability of our findings.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42023445357.

PMID:41063268 | DOI:10.1186/s12916-025-04318-1

AIDS Res Ther. 2025 Oct 8;22(1):100. doi: 10.1186/s12981-025-00765-1.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: While non-disclosure of HIV status may protect people living with HIV (PLWH) against stigma, discrimination, and violence, disclosure may facilitate access to social support and improve treatment adherence. This study examined factors associated with non-disclosure among recently-diagnosed PLWH at IeDEA study sites in Cameroon.

METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of adults ≥ 19 years newly enrolling in HIV care at three Cameroon hospitals from January 2016 to June 2023 with recent (< 1 year) diagnoses and no evidence of prior HIV care. We used logistic regression to identify factors associated with non-disclosure of HIV status at the time of enrolment.

RESULTS: Among 2880 participants, the overall prevalence of HIV status non-disclosure at enrolment was 34.4%, ranging from 48.0% among those enrolling on the day of diagnosis to 18.7% among those enrolling > 30 days after diagnosis. Men and single participants had higher odds of non-disclosure compared with women (aOR: 1.68; 95% CI 1.38, 2.04) and those who were married/living with a partner (aOR: 1.66; 95% CI 1.36, 2.02). Those with early-stage HIV disease (WHO Stage 1 or 2 or CD4 ≥ 200 cells/mm³) also had higher odds of non-disclosure (aOR: 1.48; 95% CI 1.20, 1.83) compared with participants with advanced-stage disease.

CONCLUSION: Among those diagnosed with HIV within 1 year prior to enrolment, men, single/unmarried people, and those with early-stage HIV disease were less likely to disclose their status. Further research on barriers to status disclosure among these groups is needed to guide disclosure support and counselling interventions.

PMID:41063261 | DOI:10.1186/s12981-025-00765-1

Epigenetics Chromatin. 2025 Oct 8;18(1):66. doi: 10.1186/s13072-025-00630-5.

ABSTRACT

Environmental changes can induce epigenetic modifications, influencing gene expression, phenotype, and species adaptation. This study investigates how temperature affects genome-wide DNA methylation patterns, particularly in genes crucial for sex development and whether these modifications can be transmitted across generations. Using the European sea bass -a fish model with both genetic and environmental sex determination- we analyzed DNA methylation at single nucleotide resolution using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing in 64 individuals from five families across two generations (F0 and F1). Parental fish (F0) were exposed to either control (16 °C, C) or elevated (21 °C, T) temperatures from 12 to 60 days post-fertilization. Their offspring (F1) were then subjected to four thermal regimes: control (CC), ancestral exposure via sires (TC), developmental exposure in offspring (CT), and dual exposure (TT). We determined the length of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) using a conservative, reproducible, and species-specific method adapted from plant epigenetics. To disentangle ancestral and developmental temperature effects, DMRs were classified according to their association with F0, F1, or F0 x F1 interaction effects. This allowed us to quantify the relative contribution of each treatment, separately for testes and ovaries in the F1 generation. While the proportion of additive DMRs showing cumulative temperature effects (e.g., 2.1% in testes, 1.4% in ovaries) was relatively rare, a substantial proportion of DMRs (37% in testes, 31.1% in ovaries), exhibited opposing methylation changes with F0 and F1 treatments, indicative of compensatory epigenetic interactions. These interactions were also reflected at the phenotypic level: TT individuals showed body weights comparable to CC, and the sex ratio in TT approached statistical significance when compared to CC (P = 0.051), suggesting a link between epigenetic regulation and phenotypic plasticity under elevated temperatures. Finally, we also investigated the inheritance of epimarks from sires to offspring. While most epimarks remained stable across generations, ~ 5% of all DMRs were both temperature-induced and inherited, offering direct evidence for environmentally responsive multigenerational epigenetic inheritance. This study demonstrates the role of temperature in shaping the epigenome and highlights the potential of epigenetic plasticity and inheritance in species adaptation and conservation amid global warming.

PMID:41063260 | DOI:10.1186/s13072-025-00630-5

J Orthop Surg Res. 2025 Oct 8;20(1):872. doi: 10.1186/s13018-025-06298-7.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Neglected acetabular fractures, defined as those not addressed surgically within three weeks of injury, pose significant technical and prognostic challenges due to chronic displacement, malunion, and soft tissue contracture. This study aimed to evaluate radiological and functional outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in a large prospective cohort managed at a tertiary trauma center.

METHODS: Between 2009 and 2019, patients aged 14 years and older with displaced, neglected acetabular fractures (> 3 weeks post-injury) were enrolled at a high-volume Level I pelvic trauma center. Exclusion criteria included pathological fractures, fresh fractures, unreconstructable articular surfaces, and patients who did not complete the minimum follow-up period. Of the total cohort, 94 patients underwent ORIF and were analyzed. Preoperative evaluation included CT imaging, and fractures were classified using the Letournel-Judet system. Radiological reduction quality was graded by Matta’s criteria, and functional recovery was assessed using the modified Merle d’Aubigné-Postel score. Secondary outcomes included complication rates and conversion to THA. For subgroup analysis, patients were stratified into early-late presenters (3-5 weeks) and very-late presenters (> 5 weeks). Statistical analysis employed chi-square tests for categorical variables, Student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables, and multivariate logistic regression to identify predictors of outcome, with significance set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: Among the 94 patients analyzed, anatomical reduction (≤ 1 mm displacement) was achieved in 59.6%, with imperfect and poor reductions in 26.6% and 13.8%, respectively. Quality of reduction (β = 0.44, p < 0.001) and surgical delay (β = – 0.32, p = 0.006) independently predicted functional outcome, while fracture type and femoral head condition were not significant.On subgroup comparison, early-late presenters (3-5 weeks) showed a trend toward better outcomes compared with very-late presenters (> 5 weeks), although differences did not reach statistical significance. Major complications included heterotopic ossification (12.8%), post-traumatic arthritis (14.9%), avascular necrosis (9.6%), and conversion to THA during follow-up (10.6%).

CONCLUSION: This study represents one of the largest prospective series on neglected acetabular fractures with midterm follow-up. Despite delayed presentation, ORIF achieved satisfactory anatomical and functional results in most cases. Early surgical intervention within the neglected window was associated with superior outcomes, while subgroup analysis highlighted a gradual adverse effect of increasing delay. These findings underscore the importance of individualized surgical strategies, meticulous planning, and experienced surgical execution in optimizing results for this challenging patient population.

PMID:41063253 | DOI:10.1186/s13018-025-06298-7