Tag: nevin manimala

Eur Radiol. 2025 Aug 30. doi: 10.1007/s00330-025-11928-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to explore the feasibility of employing generative adversarial networks (GAN) to generate synthetic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) from grayscale ultrasound images of patients with thyroid nodules while dispensing with the need for ultrasound contrast agents injection.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent preoperative thyroid CEUS examinations between January 2020 and July 2022 were collected retrospectively. The cycle-GAN framework integrated paired and unpaired learning modules was employed to develop the non-invasive image generation process. The synthetic CEUS images was generated in three phases: pre-arterial, plateau, and venous. The evaluation included quantitative similarity metrics, classification performance, and qualitative assessment by radiologists.

RESULTS: CEUS videos of 360 thyroid nodules from 314 patients (45 years ± 12 [SD]; 272 women) in the internal dataset and 202 thyroid nodules from 183 patients (46 years ± 13 [SD]; 148 women) in the external dataset were included. In the external testing dataset, quantitative analysis revealed a significant degree of similarity between real and synthetic CEUS images (structure similarity index, 0.89 ± 0.04; peak signal-to-noise ratio, 28.17 ± 2.42). Radiologists deemed 126 of 132 [95%] synthetic CEUS images diagnostically useful. The accuracy of radiologists in distinguishing between real and synthetic images was 55.6% (95% CI: 0.49, 0.63), with an AUC of 61.0% (95% CI: 0.65, 0.68). No statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed when radiologists assessed peak intensity and enhancement patterns using real CEUS and synthetic CEUS.

CONCLUSION: Both quantitative analysis and radiologist evaluations exhibited that synthetic CEUS images generated by generative adversarial networks were similar to real CEUS images.

KEY POINTS: QuestionIt is feasible to generate synthetic thyroid contrast-enhanced ultrasound images using generative adversarial networks without ultrasound contrast agents injection. FindingsCompared to real contrast-enhanced ultrasound images, synthetic contrast-enhanced ultrasound images exhibited high similarity and image quality. Clinical relevanceThis non-invasive and intelligent transformation may reduce the requirement for ultrasound contrast agents in certain cases, particularly in scenarios where ultrasound contrast agents administration is contraindicated, such as in patients with allergies, poor tolerance, or limited access to resources.

PMID:40884611 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-025-11928-z

Eur Radiol. 2025 Aug 30. doi: 10.1007/s00330-025-11968-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Massive haemoptysis due to central pulmonary artery (CPA) rupture in patients with advanced lung cancer is a fatal complication with limited early diagnostic tools. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with pulmonary artery rupture and to propose a grading model to facilitate early diagnosis and timely endovascular intervention.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included patients with advanced lung cancer who experienced in-hospital sudden haemoptysis-related death and received endovascular treatment for CPA abnormalities. Propensity score matching (PSM; 1:2) balanced covariates between haemoptysis-related and other in-hospital deaths. Following PSM, multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors. Patients were categorised into two cohorts: Group A (2012-2018) and Group B (2019-2024), the latter reflecting the implementation of early detection and endovascular management. Overall survival (OS) was compared using Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank testing.

RESULTS: Among 886 in-hospital deaths, sudden haemoptysis accounted for 4.63% (41/886), with 90.24% (37/41) exhibiting CPA abnormalities. CPA abnormalities, tumour necrosis, cavitation, and progressive bloody or malodorous sputum were identified as significant risk factors (p < 0.05). The haemoptysis group had significantly shorter OS than controls (p < 0.001). A three-tier grading system for pulmonary arterial blowout syndrome (PABS) was developed, with acute PABS being the most prevalent (67.26%). Patients in Group B demonstrated significantly improved OS compared with Group A (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: The PABS grading model enables risk stratification of life-threatening haemoptysis secondary to CPA rupture. Early identification and endovascular intervention may significantly improve clinical outcomes in advanced lung cancer.

KEY POINTS: Question What are the clinical characteristics and risk stratification criteria for life-threatening haemoptysis arising from CPA rupture in advanced lung cancer? Findings In-hospital sudden haemoptysis mortality was 4.63% and strongly associated with CPA abnormalities. A PABS grading model characterises this fatal condition. Clinical relevance The PABS grading system enables early recognition of high-risk CPA rupture in advanced lung cancer. Prompt identification and endovascular intervention may substantially improve patient outcomes.

PMID:40884610 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-025-11968-5

Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2025 Aug 30;35(1):368. doi: 10.1007/s00590-025-04496-x.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Shoulder instability is a common condition among young athletes, with high recurrence rates following conservative treatment. Bankart repair is a widely used surgical approach, but its failure rate remains significant, even for non-engaging defects. Combining Bankart repair with remplissage has been proposed to reduce recurrence rates.

METHODS: This retrospective, single-center study analyzed the long-term outcomes of young athletes (18-30 years old) who underwent Bankart repair combined with remplissage after a first anterior glenohumeral dislocation. Patients were evaluated at least five years postoperatively for recurrence rates, functional outcomes (Walch-Duplay, WOSI, Quick-DASH), return to sports, and the need for revision surgery.

RESULTS: Twenty-five patients were included, with an average follow-up of 81.4 months. The recurrence rate was 12% (3/25), with one patient requiring revision surgery. Functional scores were satisfactory (Walch-Duplay: 89.5, WOSI: 10.95, Quick-DASH: 14.30), and 84% of patients returned to sports at their previous level or higher. No significant complications were reported.

CONCLUSION: Bankart repair combined with remplissage appears to be an effective first-line treatment for young athletes with a first anterior shoulder dislocation, achieving a low recurrence rate and high return-to-sport levels. Further prospective, comparative studies are needed to validate these findings.

PMID:40884607 | DOI:10.1007/s00590-025-04496-x

CNS Drugs. 2025 Aug 30. doi: 10.1007/s40263-025-01221-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The rising prescription rates and opioid-related harms in France highlight the need for local data. Evaluating this association may help identify vulnerable subgroups and guide safer prescribing practices. This study aimed to assess the association between opioid analgesic dispensation and the risk of suicide attempt in the French population. Secondary objectives included evaluation of a dose-response relationship and examination of the potential additive effects of co-prescriptions with benzodiazepines or gabapentinoids.

METHODS: We conducted a nationwide, population-based case-crossover study using data from the French National Health Insurance Database (Système National des Données de Santé, SNDS), covering 98.8% of the French population. Adults aged 18 years or older who were hospitalized for a first suicide attempt between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2020, and who had received at least one opioid analgesic dispensation in the preceding year (excluding buprenorphine and methadone) were included. Opioid analgesic exposure during the 84 days before the attempt was compared with three earlier 84-day control periods.

RESULTS: Among 158,400 patients (mean age 47.0 years; 64.0% women), opioid analgesic dispensation was associated with a higher risk of suicide attempt (odds ratio [OR] = 1.26; 95% confidence interval 1.25-1.28). The risk was greater for strong opioid analgesics (OR = 1.73) and higher morphine-equivalent doses. Co-prescription with benzodiazepines or gabapentinoids further increased risk.

CONCLUSIONS: Opioid analgesic use, especially at higher doses or in combination with benzodiazepines or gabapentinoids, was associated with an increased risk of suicide attempt. Clinical vigilance is warranted when prescribing these medications.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT04211077, registered 3 January 2020 (retrospectively registered).

PMID:40884605 | DOI:10.1007/s40263-025-01221-4

Bull Math Biol. 2025 Aug 30;87(10):138. doi: 10.1007/s11538-025-01518-x.

ABSTRACT

The community composition of vectors and hosts plays a critical role in determining risk of vector-borne disease transmission. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, two mosquito species that both transmit the viruses that cause dengue, chikungunya, and Zika, share habitat requirements and compete for resources at the larval stage. Ae. albopictus is generally considered a better competitor under many conditions, while Ae. aegypti is able to tolerate higher temperatures and is generally a more competent vector for many pathogens. We develop a stage-structured ordinary differential equation model that incorporates competition between the juvenile stages of two mosquito populations. We incorporate experimental constraints on competition coefficients for high and low quality food resources and explore differences in the potential outcomes of competition. We then incorporate temperature-dependent fecundity rates, juvenile development rates, and adult mortality rates for each species, and we explore competition outcomes as a function of temperature. We show that regions of coexistence and competitive exclusion depend on food quality and relative values of temperature-dependent life history parameters. Finally, we investigate the combined impacts of temperature and competition on the potential for dengue transmission, and we discuss our results in the context of present and future risk of mosquito-borne disease transmission.

PMID:40884588 | DOI:10.1007/s11538-025-01518-x

Support Care Cancer. 2025 Aug 30;33(9):823. doi: 10.1007/s00520-025-09876-x.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Cancer patients must develop food literacy to successfully adapt to dietary changes and enhance their health management. This study is aimed at assessing the perceived food literacy of women undergoing chemotherapy for gynecologic cancer.

METHOD: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 136 gynecologic cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at the Chemotherapy Unit of the Department of Gynecologic Oncology Surgery in a university hospital in Turkey. Data were collected using the “Participant Information Form” and the “Perceived Food Literacy Scale.” Statistical analysis was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Mann-Whitney U test.

RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 53.92 ± 13.04 years, with 49.3% diagnosed with endometrial cancer and 38.2% with ovarian cancer. The average number of chemotherapy cycles was 2.86 ± 1.87. The median total score for perceived food literacy was 104.00 (IQR = 20.00), indicating a high level of food literacy. Women with an income exceeding their expenses, those who consumed 1-2 daily snacks, those who had received nutrition education, and those with prior knowledge of food literacy had notably higher median perceived food literacy scores.

CONCLUSIONS: This study found that women with gynecologic cancer receiving chemotherapy had a high level of food literacy.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Food literacy is necessary for living well beyond individual and physical health. Cancer patients must acquire food literacy to implement effective dietary modifications and enhance their health management. Healthcare professionals should emphasize the nutritional practices of women with gynecologic cancer throughout the entire chemotherapy process, and oncology nurses should design patients’ nutrition plans based on food literacy.

PMID:40884583 | DOI:10.1007/s00520-025-09876-x

Vet Ophthalmol. 2025 Aug 29. doi: 10.1111/vop.70073. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the conjunctival bacterial flora of laboratory-housed New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits using conventional culture techniques and quantitative bacterial analysis.

ANIMALS STUDIED: This experimental study involved the collection of conjunctival fornix samples from 24 eyes of 12 healthy laboratory-housed NZW rabbits.

PROCEDURES: Conjunctival samples were obtained using sterile dry swabs and processed using standard microbiological techniques. Bacterial identification was performed via mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF), and quantification was expressed in colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL).

RESULTS: Bacterial growth was observed in 74% of the samples (17/24 eyes), with seven species identified: Moraxella cuniculi, Corynebacterium spp., coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus viridans group, and Tsukamurella spp. Although most isolates were Gram-positive, M. cuniculi-a Gram-negative bacterium-was the predominant species. It exhibited the highest bacterial load (CFU/mL) and demonstrated a statistically significant difference compared to the other species (Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0.01). M. cuniculi also exhibited the highest variability in CFU/mL values among all isolates.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite the predominance of Gram-positive isolates, M. cuniculi was identified as the predominant species in the conjunctival flora of healthy NZW rabbits, both in frequency and bacterial load. These findings contribute to a more detailed characterization of the ocular microbiota in this commonly used laboratory model.

PMID:40883865 | DOI:10.1111/vop.70073

Clin Chem Lab Med. 2025 Sep 1. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2025-0747. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Our previous study revealed a correlation between fecal leukocyte esterase and fecal calprotectin levels. This study assessed the predictive value of fecal leukocyte esterase compared with fecal calprotectin and C-reactive protein of inflammatory bowel disease.

METHODS: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease who underwent ileocolonoscopy at National Taiwan University Hospital from March 2022 to March 2024 were included. Fecal leukocyte esterase and fecal calprotectin levels from stool samples collected within one month of endoscopy were analyzed. Active ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease were defined as Mayo endoscopic score ≥2 or simple endoscopic score for Crohn’s disease ≥7, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated using IBM SPSS Statistics 29.

RESULTS: Of the 203 patients (100 with ulcerative colitis and 103 with Crohn’s disease), fecal leukocyte esterase levels were significantly correlated with fecal calprotectin levels (r=0.425, p<0.001) and endoscopic severity in ulcerative colitis (r=0.432, p<0.001) and Crohn’s disease (r=0.311, p=0.001). For predicting Mayo endoscopic scores ≥2 in ulcerative colitis using fecal leukocyte esterase, fecal calprotectin, and C-reactive protein, areas under the curve were 0.731, 0.785, and 0.558, respectively. For predicting simple endoscopic scores for Crohn’s disease ≥7, areas under the curve were 0.706, 0.800, and 0.770, respectively. No significant difference was observed between fecal leukocyte esterase and fecal calprotectin.

CONCLUSIONS: Fecal leukocyte esterase correlates with fecal calprotectin and predicts endoscopic severity in inflammatory bowel disease.

PMID:40883864 | DOI:10.1515/cclm-2025-0747

BMC Res Notes. 2025 Aug 29;18(1):371. doi: 10.1186/s13104-025-07455-1.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Asthma is a common multifactorial inflammatory disease affecting both children and adults. Various cells and cytokines contribute to this inflammatory process. Smooth muscle contraction, vascular congestion, and airway edema lead to airway narrowing, which is an important factor in asthma. This study explores the potential impact of Ranolazine, a sodium blocker used for chronic angina, on asthmatic rats. By investigating the drug’s effects on vascular and lung tissue changes, this research seeks to offer perspectives on innovative treatment approaches for asthma.

RESULTS: Ranolazine treatment showed minimal impact on serum IgE levels in asthmatic rats, with a slight reduction that was statistically insignificant. However, Ranolazine treatment resulted in a significant decrease in perivascular and peribronchial inflammation levels compared to the asthmatic group, suggesting a potential therapeutic effect on lung histology changes associated with asthma pathophysiology.

PMID:40883851 | DOI:10.1186/s13104-025-07455-1

BioData Min. 2025 Aug 29;18(1):60. doi: 10.1186/s13040-025-00474-5.

ABSTRACT

Class imbalance poses a serious challenge in biomedical machine learning, particularly in genomics, where datasets are characterized by extremely high dimensionality and very limited sample sizes. In such settings, standard classifiers tend to favor the majority class, leading to biased predictions – an especially problematic issue in clinical diagnostics where rare conditions must not be overlooked. In this study, we introduce a Kernel Density Estimation (KDE)-based oversampling approach to rebalance imbalanced genomic datasets by generating synthetic minority class samples. Unlike conventional methods such as SMOTE, KDE estimates the global probability distribution of the minority class and resamples accordingly, avoiding local interpolation pitfalls. We evaluate our method on 15 real-world genomic datasets using three classifiers -Naïve Bayes, Decision Trees, and Random Forests- and compare it to SMOTE and baseline training. Experimental results demonstrate that KDE oversampling consistently improves classification performance, especially in metrics robust to imbalance, such as AUC of the IMCP curve. Notably, KDE achieves superior results in tree-based models while dramatically simplifying the sampling process. This approach offers a statistically grounded and effective solution for balancing genomic datasets, with strong potential for improving fairness and accuracy in high-stakes medical decision-making.

PMID:40883844 | DOI:10.1186/s13040-025-00474-5