Tag: nevin manimala

Cost Eff Resour Alloc. 2025 Aug 29;23(1):44. doi: 10.1186/s12962-025-00651-7.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that community pharmacist-led interventions in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can improve clinical outcomes such as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure, and lipid profiles, thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular complications. However, limited research has evaluated the economic value of such interventions, particularly in the context of Iran.

OBJECTIVE: Given the absence of well-designed studies assessing the cost-effectiveness of community pharmacist-based interventions in preventing cardiovascular complications among patients with T2DM in Iran, this study aimed to evaluate the economic and clinical impact of such an intervention. Standard care provided by community pharmacists served as the comparator.

METHODS: This study was conducted over 12 months in a community pharmacy setting. A total of 110 patients with T2DM were enrolled, with 55 receiving usual care (comparator group) and 55 receiving a structured pharmacist-led intervention. The intervention included medication optimization, lifestyle counseling, and dietary guidance, with a focus on reducing cardiovascular risk. Economic evaluation was performed from the healthcare system perspective using a Markov model over a 10-year time horizon. Outcomes included life years gained (LYG) and reduction in the 10-year risk of cardiovascular events. Direct medical costs for both the intervention and comparator groups were considered.

RESULTS: Pharmacist-led interventions significantly reduced average HbA1c levels (p = 0.009), improved HDL cholesterol (p = 0.016), and lowered LDL cholesterol (p = 0.05) in the intervention group compared to the comparator. SBP also showed a statistically significant improvement in the intervention group (p = 0.003), while the comparator group experienced an increase in SBP. The estimated 10-year risks for coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, both fatal and nonfatal, were lower in the intervention group. The cost-effectiveness analysis revealed that the intervention resulted in a cost saving of -1469.02 USD and an additional 0.045 life years gained compared to usual care.

CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that community pharmacist-led interventions targeting cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with T2DM are both clinically effective and cost-efficient. Incorporating pharmacists into diabetes care programs may significantly improve cardiovascular outcomes while reducing long-term healthcare costs in Iran.

PMID:40883843 | DOI:10.1186/s12962-025-00651-7

BMC Psychol. 2025 Aug 29;13(1):980. doi: 10.1186/s40359-025-03044-w.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Focusing on the well-being of individuals with chronic conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, is vital for enhancing their overall quality of life. Hence, this study examined the associations between selected psychosocial factors-namely self-efficacy, depressive symptoms, and social dysfunction-and happiness among patients with cardiovascular disease.

METHODS: A total of 150 adult cardiovascular patients completed a questionnaire-based survey in 2023. The survey assessed happiness, psychological well-being, general self-efficacy, and demographic variables. Hierarchical linear regression models were used for data analysis, conducted using SPSS version 21.0 software. A significance level of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: In the first step, demographic variables significantly predicted 45.9% of the variance of happiness (p < 0.05). In the second step, after adjusting control variables and dimensions of psychological well-being and general self-efficacy, the explained variance increased to 70.7% of the variance by adding variables (p-value < 0.05). Depressive symptoms (β= -0.316, p-value < 0.05) and social dysfunction (β=-0.204, p-value < 0.05) showed the strongest negative associations with happiness in cardiovascular patients.

CONCLUSIONS: Given the strong negative associations between depressive symptoms, social dysfunction, and happiness, psychosocial interventions focused on reducing depressive symptoms and improving social functioning may be effective in enhancing well-being among individuals with cardiovascular disease. It is recommended to integrate mental health screening and support into routine cardiac care.

PMID:40883840 | DOI:10.1186/s40359-025-03044-w

Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2025 Aug 29;17(1):363. doi: 10.1186/s13098-025-01926-y.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive hepatic fat accumulation and is closely associated with inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. The C‑reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte (CALLY) index, a composite marker of inflammation, immunity, and nutritional status, remains understudied in relation to NAFLD.

METHODS: A crosssectional analysis was conducted using data from 7,271 U.S. adults in NHANES 2017-2020. NAFLD was defined by vibrationcontrolled transient elastography with a controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) > 274 dB/m. Weighted logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS) modeling, and twopiecewise logistic regression were applied to assess linear and nonlinear associations between the CALLY index and NAFLD prevalence. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the consistency and robustness of the findings.

RESULTS: The mean CALLY index was 8.08 (SD 12.42). Higher CALLY levels were inversely associated with NAFLD prevalence ( OR = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.95-0.98). Compared with the lowest quartile (Q1 < 1.90), the highest quartile (Q4 > 10.00) showed a 61% lower prevalence of NAFLD (OR = 0.39; 95% CI, 0.24-0.64). RCS analysis demonstrated a significant nonlinear relationship, with a threshold at 8.91; below this value, each unit increase in the CALLY index corresponded to a 10% reduction in NAFLD prevalence (OR = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.88-0.92). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses yielded consistent results, confirming the robustness of these findings.

CONCLUSION: The CALLY index demonstrates a significant inverse association with NAFLD prevalence and may serve as a simple composite indicator for identifying individuals at higher likelihood of NAFLD, providing additional insights to inform future screening and risk‑stratification research.

PMID:40883838 | DOI:10.1186/s13098-025-01926-y

Res Integr Peer Rev. 2025 Aug 29;10(1):17. doi: 10.1186/s41073-025-00176-w.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Historically, systematic review studies of nonclinical published research articles around the life sciences have shown that the overall reporting of information on measures against bias is low. Measures such as randomization, blinding and sample size estimation are mentioned in the minority of the studies. The present study aims to provide an overview of the recent reporting standards in a large sample of nonclinical articles with focus on statistical information.

METHODS: Journals were randomly selected from Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate). Biomedical research articles published in 2020 from 10 journals were analyzed for their reporting standards using a checklist.

RESULTS: In total 860 articles; 320 articles describing in vivo methods, 187 articles describing in vitro methods and 353 articles including both in vivo and in vitro methods, were included in the study. The reporting rate of “randomization” ranged from 0%-63% between journals for in vivo articles and 0%-4% for in vitro articles. The reporting rate of “blinded conduct of the experiments” ranged from 11%-71% between journals for in vivo articles and 0%-86% for in vitro articles.

CONCLUSION: The analysis showed that the reporting standards remained low, also when other statistical information is concerned. Additionally, our results suggest that the reporting in articles on in vivo experiments is better compared to articles on in vitro experiments. Furthermore, important differences in reporting standards between journals seem to exist.

PMID:40883808 | DOI:10.1186/s41073-025-00176-w

BMC Womens Health. 2025 Aug 29;25(1):414. doi: 10.1186/s12905-025-03948-0.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, characterized by hormonal imbalances, reproductive abnormalities, and metabolic disturbances. The diagnosis and management of PCOS is not well documented, particularly in the Ethiopian healthcare setup.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 210 healthcare professionals selected from hospitals in Addis Ababa from April 10 to May 24, 2024. Data was collected using a standardized questionnaire and double entered using Microsoft Excel and analyzed by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25. Likert scale was used for the attitude analysis and the average score measure of difference was used for knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) level of measurements. ANOVA was used for testing the association of p-value less than 0.05% and Spearman’s rho was used to test correlation.

RESULT: Out of 210 respondents, only 43 (20.5%) had “Good Knowledge” about PCOS and its diagnosis. Gynecologists exhibited the highest knowledge (58.3%) and practice (50%) scores compared to other professions. A majority, 187 individuals (89.0%), were classified as having a “Good Attitude” towards PCOS and its diagnosis. Only 42 (22.0%) of participants indicated Good Practice. Among the hormonal markers, Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) on its own was the most frequently used (75 participants, 41.4%), Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEAS) were only utilized by 15.5% (28) and 17.7% (32) of participants respectively.

CONCLUSION: The study highlighted significant gaps in knowledge, attitude, and practices among healthcare professionals in Ethiopia regarding PCOS diagnosis. Inadequate practices were common, with reliance on ultrasonography and physical symptoms alone. More attention should be given to creating proper diagnosis and referring channels along with teaching and advocacy in academia and the public to promote women’s reproductive health.

PMID:40883800 | DOI:10.1186/s12905-025-03948-0

BMC Psychol. 2025 Aug 29;13(1):987. doi: 10.1186/s40359-025-03271-1.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Trait emotional intelligence (EI) is often assessed using the 30-item Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (TEIQue-SF). However, previous research using item response theory (IRT) modelling has identified several underperforming items. This study aimed to psychometrically evaluate, refine, and optimize the TEIQue-SF using IRT, with the goals of identifying and eliminating underperforming items, and examining whether items in the refined version function differently across sexes. Furthermore, the study sought to further validate the Swedish version of the TEIQue-SF.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study surveyed 845 first-year students aged 19-59 (87% women) from seven healthcare and social work programs across six universities in southern Sweden. Participants completed the TEIQue-SF and health-related measures for convergent validity. IRT modeling employed the Graded Response Model (GRM) using the 2-Parameter Logistic Model in IRT for Patient-Reported Outcomes (IRTPRO). Marginal reliability and differential item functioning (DIF) were assessed with IRT, internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha and mean inter-item correlations, and validity through evaluating Direct Discrepancy Dynamic fit index (DDDFI) and bivariate correlations.

RESULTS: The IRT modeling identified underperforming items, leading to a refined 12-item TEIQue-SF that effectively captures trait EI with high-quality items. The item selection process is detailed and supplemented. The shortened measure showed a strong correlation with the original (r = .94), demonstrated good reliability, and exhibited uniform DIF for only one item (Item 15). A comparison of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model fit statistics using the DDDFI indicated a fair fit for the TEIQue-SF. Consistent with previous research on the TEIQue-SF, both 30-item and 12 item versions demonstrated strong convergent validity with health-related measures within the Swedish context.

CONCLUSIONS: The 12-item TEIQue-SF is a brief, precise, and valid measure for assessing trait EI while preserving its global conceptual structure. IRT modeling and validity testing against health-related measures confirm that 12-item TEIQue-SF effectively captures trait EI.

PMID:40883795 | DOI:10.1186/s40359-025-03271-1

Inflamm Regen. 2025 Aug 29;45(1):27. doi: 10.1186/s41232-025-00391-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Spiny mice (Acomys sp.) have a unique ability of scarless regeneration. Therefore, the transfer of models used in convenient laboratory mice to study fibrosis could be a prospective approach, enabling the identification of novel antifibrotic therapies.

METHODS: In this study, we first applied a model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in Acomys cahirinus (Acomys), using Mus musculus C57BL/6 (Mus) as a control. Changes in lung tissue density were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The severity of fibrosis in lung tissue, as well as the deposition of extracellular matrix components, was assessed by histochemical analysis and morphometry (hematoxylin and eosin, Van Gieson). Data on the content of the main profibrotic proteins of the extracellular matrix, including collagen types I and IV, fibronectin, and fibronectin with EDA domain, were additionally validated by dot blotting. Changes in the number and localization of the main cell types contributing to the development of fibrosis (myofibroblasts, activated stromal cells, epithelium, M2 macrophages, leukocytes) were assessed by immunohistochemical analysis and morphometry. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism software. Kruskal-Wallis H-test with the Dunn test and Mann-Whitney test was used for comparison between groups. Differences were considered significant when *p < 0.05.

RESULTS: Our data demonstrate that Acomys can survive high doses of bleomycin, which are sub-lethal and lethal for C57/Bl6 mice strain. In the head-to-head study, we performed an MRI to reveal changes in lung density as well as analyzed the morphology of Mus and Acomys lungs together with the identification of cell types required for fibrotic development. In contrast to Mus, Acomys demonstrated a decrease in respiratory regions upon bleomycin administration, but “classical” signs of fibrosis, such as fibrotic focuses or extracellular matrix accumulation, are detected only in small areas.

CONCLUSIONS: The model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in Acomys is valid for the further investigation of possible mechanisms of resistance to damage-induced profibrotic stimuli.

PMID:40883787 | DOI:10.1186/s41232-025-00391-4

AIDS Res Ther. 2025 Aug 29;22(1):84. doi: 10.1186/s12981-025-00777-x.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Abortion is a critical reproductive health issue among young women living with HIV (YWLHIV). Despite the widespread use of the antiretroviral therapy (ART) for women of reproductive age, its impact on abortion prevalence remains unclear. We set out to determine the prevalence of abortion among the YWLHIV receiving TLD-based ART regimen in northern Uganda and its association with the ART regimen and duration alongside other key socio-demographic, reproductive health, lifestyle and facility access- related factors.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study of YWLHIV who reported at least one pregnancy in northern Uganda. Using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, participants were asked about their abortion history, ART regimen and duration, contraceptive use, parity, male partner’s HIV status, and access to community-based family planning resources. Descriptive statistics for abortion prevalence, Chi-square test, Fisher’s Exact test, bivariate and multivariate Poisson regression analyses for the associations between these variables and the occurrence of abortion were used. The 5% significance level and 95% confidence intervals were considered.

RESULTS: We analyzed data of 268 YWLHIV who reported conceiving at least one pregnancy. The abortion prevalence was 20.9% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) of 16.2% – 26.1%). No significant association was found between the abortion experience and ART regimens nor duration. The significant predictors for abortion included awareness of public health facilities that provide family planning services, parity, sero-concordant HIV-positive partnerships, and modern contraceptive use.

CONCLUSION: This study found a substantial abortion prevalence of 20.9% among the YWLHIV in northern Uganda. There was no significant association between the occurrence of abortion and ART regimens nor duration. Key predictors of abortion included awareness of public health facilities that provide family planning services, parity, use of contraceptive methods and the male partner’s HIV positive status. To reduce abortion, creation of awareness of public health facilities that provide family planning services, contraceptive use, and couple-focused HIV testing and status disclosure are recommended.

PMID:40883776 | DOI:10.1186/s12981-025-00777-x

Confl Health. 2025 Aug 30;19(1):64. doi: 10.1186/s13031-025-00678-w.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Over 70% of women and girls face heightened risks of sexual and reproductive health in conflict zones where reproductive health care is often neglected. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the epidemiological evidences of reproductive health risks of internal migrants in Ethiopia.

METHODS: Different data bases (CINHAL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Scopus, Google scholar and PubMed central) were accessed. Observational Studies conducted in English language were included as per the predetermined inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of the prevalence of reproductive health risks was determined using a random effects model. PRISMA and Systematic Review Guidelines from the Center for Reviews and Dissemination recommendation were followed in the review. Random effect model with I² statistics and sensitivity testing was performed.

RESULTS: We found 324 studies on the databases searched and only eleven studies with 9976 individuals met the criteria of inclusion. The overall pooled magnitude of reproductive health risks in this study is 45.8% (95% CI: 35.6, 56.1). Nearly half of the studies were conducted in Amhara region. Gender based violence is the most frequently reported reproductive health risk. Premarital sex, early marriage and unmet need for contraceptives, abortion, sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancy were reported.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: Reproductive health risks among Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) are frequent in all age groups of women, adolescent girls and boys. However, limited number of primary evidences is found to be the major bottleneck to summarize this review. Therefore, the government, non-governmental organizations and researchers with any responsible stockholders should give an appropriate attention to have precise and tangible data on the burden, extent of the problems and survivor population in need of sexual and reproductive health services.

PMID:40883773 | DOI:10.1186/s13031-025-00678-w

BMC Med Educ. 2025 Aug 29;25(1):1219. doi: 10.1186/s12909-025-07755-x.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To survey the current state of cybersecurity awareness among radiography teachers in Africa, identify existing challenges, and propose targeted interventions to enhance cybersecurity education, practices, and resilience within the radiography education sector.

METHODOLOGY: This quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted among radiography educators attending the Radiography Educators Conference of the International Society of Radiographers and Radiologic Technologists in Abuja, Nigeria. A purposive sampling technique was used to recruit 53 participants who completed a 30-item self-administered questionnaire distributed via Google Forms. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, and 95% Confidence Intervals.

RESULTS: The study revealed that 28.3% (95% CI: 17.3%-42.3%) of participants had experienced a cybersecurity incident, and a significant 43.4% (95% CI: 30.4%-57.3%) had not received formal cybersecurity training. While awareness of common cyber threats was high (86.8%, 95% CI: 74.4%-94.2%), understanding of institutional data privacy policies (67.9%, 95% CI: 53.7%-79.7%) and secure data sharing protocols (64.2%, 95% CI: 49.8%-76.5%) was comparatively lower. Key cybersecurity practices showed considerable gaps: only 50.9% (95% CI: 36.8%-64.9%) regularly backed up critical data, and merely 41.5% (95% CI: 29.1%-55.2%) reported suspicious emails or incidents.

CONCLUSION: The findings underscore an urgent need for tailored cybersecurity training programs and increased awareness initiatives that effectively translate knowledge into consistent, secure practices among African radiography teachers. Fortifying their cybersecurity readiness is vital for safeguarding patient data and ensuring the integrity of healthcare services in the digital age.

PMID:40883763 | DOI:10.1186/s12909-025-07755-x