Tag: nevin manimala

J Basic Microbiol. 2026 Feb;66(2):e70148. doi: 10.1002/jobm.70148.

ABSTRACT

Cordycepin, a nucleoside analog derived from Cordyceps militaris, is a bioactive compound with potent pharmacological properties and growing relevance in functional food and pharmaceutical industries. However, its production is highly variable depending on cultivation conditions, making real-time and scalable prediction essential for efficient process control. This study aimed to develop a machine learning-based predictive model to estimate cordycepin content based on measurable cultivation parameters. Three machine learning algorithms-XGBoost, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine-were trained using experimental data encompassing environmental and nutritional factors. Model validation was conducted using Tropsha’s statistical criteria, and model explainability was achieved through SHAP analysis. A user-friendly GUI was also developed for real-time prediction and application. Among the models, XGBoost demonstrated the highest performance with a cross-validated Q² of 0.9087 and an R² of 0.9544, satisfying all statistical requirements for reliability. SHAP analysis identified light wavelength and carbon/nitrogen ratio as the most influential factors in cordycepin biosynthesis. The developed GUI enables end-users to input cultivation conditions and receive immediate predictions, facilitating data-driven decision-making. This approach offers a scalable and interpretable framework for optimizing bioactive compound production in edible fungi, with potential application in smart bioprocessing and precision fermentation.

PMID:41636097 | DOI:10.1002/jobm.70148

Diagn Interv Radiol. 2026 Feb 4. doi: 10.4274/dir.2026.263679. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility and early postprocedural hemorrhage outcomes of absorbable gelatin sponge (AGS) torpedo tract closure and to briefly describe the tract-closure method used following portal vein recanalization in pediatric native-liver extrahepatic portal vein obstruction.

METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 18 consecutive children [11 boys, 7 girls; median age, 7 years (range, 5-12)] treated between 2020 and 2025 who underwent transsplenic and/or trans-hepatic portal vein recanalization with planned tract embolization using AGS torpedoes. The access sheath sizes were 5F and 6F, and unfractionated heparin was administered intraprocedurally in all cases. Procedures with inadvertent sheath dislodgment before embolization or intraprocedural wire perforation were excluded. The primary outcome was clinically significant access-tract hemorrhage within 24 hours, defined as a hemoglobin decrease > 2 g/dL together with an interval increase in intraperitoneal free fluid on ultrasound. Descriptive statistics were used; technical outcomes were summarized per tract and safety outcomes per patient.

RESULTS: Eighteen patients underwent embolization of 28 access tracts (13 transsplenic and 15 trans-hepatic). The median number of torpedoes used per tract was three (range, 2-4). All access tracts were successfully embolized with AGS torpedoes (28/28, 100%). No clinically significant access-tract hemorrhage occurred at either the patient (0/18) or tract level (0/28) within 24 hours after AGS embolization. Small perisplenic or perihepatic fluid collections were observed in 16 (88.9%) patients immediately after the procedure without an interval increase on follow-up ultrasound within 24 hours following the intervention.

CONCLUSION: AGS torpedo tract closure appears feasible and effective in preventing clinically significant access- tract hemorrhage after pediatric portal vein recanalization, including cases requiring dual access with introducer sheaths of up to 6F and intraprocedural anticoagulation. Prospective, large, multicenter studies using standardized hemostasis endpoints are needed to validate these preliminary findings.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: A readily available, absorbable material deployed as torpedoes can achieve controlled, layered parenchymal sealing in pediatric portal venous interventions.

PMID:41636081 | DOI:10.4274/dir.2026.263679

Hip Int. 2026 Feb 4:11207000251405200. doi: 10.1177/11207000251405200. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: This retrospective multicentre study, involving 38 UK hospital trusts, aimed to characterise the demographic features, inpatient management, and referral patterns of patients with prosthetic hip dislocations. The primary focus was to identify factors influencing a definitive management plan following acute total hip arthroplasty (THA) dislocation, and to assess differences in the management of primary versus revision THA dislocations.

METHODS: Data from 645 patients who sustained acute prosthetic hip dislocations between 01 January 2019 and 31 July 2019, were collected from electronic medical records. Patients were divided into Primary and Revision THA groups. Statistical analyses were used to explore demographic patterns, comparative analyses, and factors influencing referral decisions, with significance set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 76.2 years, with a predominance of females (65.7%) and posterior dislocations (72.7%). Of the patients, 37.8% underwent reduction in the Emergency Department (ED), with a success rate of 69.7%, while 72.9% required reduction in theatre, achieving a success rate of 90.6%. Inpatient mortality was 1.2%. Only 32.5% of patients had a definitive management plan following their dislocation. Primary THA patients (n = 504) were predominantly female (69.6%) compared to Revision THA patients (n = 141, 48.9%, p < 0.001). Anterior dislocations were more common in the Revision THA group (26.2% vs. 17.3%, p = 0.017). The primary THA group had a higher success rate in closed reduction (92.9% vs. 82.9%, p = 0.002). Revision THA patients were more likely to have a definitive management plan (52.9% vs. 26.9%, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights significant variability in the management of THA dislocations, particularly in the lack of standardised protocols for inpatient management and onward referral to revision arthroplasty surgeons. Standardisation of care pathways is needed to optimise outcomes for patients with prosthetic hip dislocations.

PMID:41636051 | DOI:10.1177/11207000251405200

Hip Int. 2026 Feb 4:11207000251409092. doi: 10.1177/11207000251409092. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The optimal threshold to blood transfusion in patients after hip fracture surgery is unclear. This study leveraged regression discontinuity to quantify blood transfusion practices across haemoglobin thresholds of 7.0, 8.0, and 10.0 g/dL.

METHODS: This study used the enhanced claims-based Premier Inc. database and included inpatients, aged 50+, with an ICD-10 code for hip fracture and hip surgery, and at least one haemoglobin following surgery. For each patient-day following surgery, we determined the lowest haemoglobin level and whether blood transfusion was administered. Regression discontinuity (RD) models with local linear regression were used to calculate risk differences, mean differences, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for blood transfusion use.

RESULTS: There were 320,194 patient-days (among 93,111 patients) included in analyses. Transfusion occurred on 29,425 patient-days (9.2%). The median haemoglobin on patient-days with a transfusion was 7.0 (interquartile range [IQR] 6.7-7.6) g/dL and the median haemoglobin on patient-days without a transfusion was 9.3 (IQR 8.4-10.4) g/dL. There was a statistically significant increase in transfusion use crossing a haemoglobin threshold of 7.0 g/dL (19.0; 95% CI, 13.5-22.5 absolute percentage points) and a small, statistically significant increase in transfusion use crossing an 8.0 g/dL haemoglobin threshold. (3.2; 95% CI, 0.9-6.2 absolute percentage points). There was no discontinuity in transfusion use across a haemoglobin concentration threshold of 10.0 g/dL (-0.2; 95% CI -0.7-0.3 absolute percentage points).

CONCLUSIONS: After hip fracture surgery, transfusion based on a haemoglobin threshold of 7.0 g/dL was more common than at guideline recommended 8.0 g/dL or at the liberal threshold of 10 g/dL.

PMID:41636050 | DOI:10.1177/11207000251409092

Hip Int. 2026 Feb 4:11207000251415004. doi: 10.1177/11207000251415004. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The functionality of the hip joint is primarily determined by the anatomical relationship between acetabulum and femur. Impairment of this relationship can lead to diseases such as femoroacetabular impingement and hip osteoarthritis. In patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty, accurate placement of the acetabular and femoral components in accordance with native 3-dimensional anatomy (3D) is crucial for obtaining prosthesis stability and survival, also for preventing postoperative complications such as wear, dislocation and osteolysis. Therefore, 3D determination of native anatomical features of the hip joint is highly important.

METHODS: A total of 100 adults were randomly selected. Right femur and acetabulum were segmented using MIMICS program. 2D and 3D measurements of femoral anteversion according to posterior condylar and transepicondylar axis, acetabular anteversion, acetabular inclination and combined anteversion were determined. The differences between gender groups and the correlations of two- and three-dimensional measurement results were evaluated.

RESULTS: According to 2D and 3D measurements, statistically significant differences were observed between gender groups in all parameters except for 2D acetabular inclination. A very strong correlation was observed between 3D femoral anteversion measurements performed using the posterior condylar axis and transepicondylar axis. Our findings revealed statistically significant differences between 2D and 3D measurements in most parameters, which have clinical relevance.

CONCLUSIONS: A very strong correlation between femoral anteversion measurements obtained using the transepicondylar and posterior condylar axes supports the intraoperative use of the transepicondylar axis reliably. We believe the data obtained from our study will contribute to understand the 3-dimensional native anatomy of the hip joint.

PMID:41636049 | DOI:10.1177/11207000251415004

Nanoscale. 2026 Feb 4. doi: 10.1039/d5nr05100b. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

DNA damage repair is essential for maintaining genomic integrity, thereby preventing diseases like cancer. Traditionally, radioresistance has been linked to the ability of cells to repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) accurately. Recent research emphasizes the critical role of spatial chromatin organization and its dynamic reorganization in regulating repair and gene expression. In this study, we have employed single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) and Python-based mathematical methods of statistics and topology to locally analyze the spatial organization of γH2AX and 53BP1 foci in ¹⁵N-ion irradiated normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) and highly radioresistant U87 glioblastoma cells over extended post-irradiation (PI) periods with nanoscale resolution. Our findings reveal that U87 cancer cells fail to regulate chromatin changes at DSB sites during and after repair. Specifically, Ripley’s statistics and cluster analysis showed that both NHDF and U87 cells exhibit smaller, denser, and better separated γH2AX nano-foci surrounded by 53BP1 nano-foci. Mathematical topology approaches, including persistent homology, revealed that γH2AX nano-foci (clusters) have lower topological similarity compared to the more conserved 53BP1 nano-foci during the 24-hour repair period. These findings support the non-random, functional spatial organization of DSB repair (nano)foci and demonstrate its preservation in cancer cells. However, principal component analysis of persistent images showed that γH2AX- and 53BP1 nano-foci in normal fibroblasts exhibit stable, closed cycles, while U87 cells display chaotic, open shifts in topology in the 2D latent space. Combined with DSB repair kinetics measurements, this observation indicates that although U87 cells rejoin DSBs similar to normal cells, they experience more pronounced, dysregulated chromatin alterations during repair, ultimately failing to restore it to its pre-irradiation state. These alterations correlate with topologically more variable DSB sites, slower (more challenging) repair focus formation but faster repair once foci are established, compared to NHDF cells. More disorganized repair and persistent topological alterations likely contribute to genetic instability of cancer cells after irradiation and the development of radioresistant clones, posing challenges for effective radiotherapy.

PMID:41636021 | DOI:10.1039/d5nr05100b

Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2026 Feb 4. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.70849. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study compares medium-term outcomes of retropubic tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) and transobturator tape (TOT) for stress urinary incontinence (SUI), focusing on patient satisfaction and overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms.

METHODS: This prospective, single-surgeon cohort study included women with SUI who underwent TVT or TOT at a single center (July 2021-October 2022). Follow-up was conducted at 26-41 months through chart review and patient interviews. Satisfaction was rated on a 0-100% global scale (≥75% = satisfied). Outcomes and complications followed International Continence Society criteria. Continuous variables were compared with the Mann-Whitney U-test and categorical variables with Fisher’s exact test. Sensitivity analysis addressed the effects of loss to follow-up. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

RESULTS: Fifty-three women (25 TVT, 28 TOT) completed follow-up. Satisfaction (≥75%) was reported by 88.0% of TVT and 89.3% of TOT patients (P ≈ 1.00). Sensitivity analyses assuming all lost patients were satisfied or unsatisfied did not alter statistical significance (P ≈ 1.00 and P = 0.54, respectively). Among women with pre-existing overactive bladder, improvement in symptoms occurred in 78.3% (18/23) of TVT and 61.1% (11/18) of TOT patients (P = 0.47). One bladder perforation occurred in the TVT group; other complications were infrequent and similar between groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Both TVT and TOT provided high satisfaction and improvement in OAB symptoms at 26-41 months, with low complication rates. These findings suggest that both procedures remain safe and effective in the medium term, reinforcing their established role in the surgical management of SUI.

PMID:41635999 | DOI:10.1002/ijgo.70849

J Endourol. 2026 Feb 4:8927790261416442. doi: 10.1177/08927790261416442. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of single-port (SP) robotic nephroureterectomy (NUx) with bladder cuff excision.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: From September 2021 to August 2024, we reviewed all patients diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma who underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic NUx at our institution since the introduction of the SP robot.

RESULTS: A total of 105 patients were included in the study, of whom 52 underwent surgical procedure using the multi-port (MP) approach, whereas 53 underwent surgery using the SP approach. No statistically significant differences were found in patient characteristics, such as gender, body mass index, or tumor size. In terms of surgical outcomes, no statistically significant differences were found in key metrics, such as console time and estimated blood loss. However, a statistically significant difference was observed in total operative time, with an average difference of 45 minutes (222.25 ± 69.38 minutes in MP, 169.98 ± 49.63 minutes in SP, p = 0.000). The estimated blood loss was lower with the SP robot (144.91 mL ± 108.25 in MP, 96.68 ± 72.95 mL in SP, p = 0.004). During the one-year follow-up, no statistically significant differences in renal function loss or T stage were observed.

CONCLUSION: NUx with bladder cuffing using the SP approach demonstrated feasibility compared with surgery performed using the MP approach. Notably, the ease of access during cuffing contributed significantly to reducing the total operative time.

PMID:41635986 | DOI:10.1177/08927790261416442

Spec Care Dentist. 2026 Jan-Feb;46(1):e70144. doi: 10.1111/scd.70144.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the association between oral health factors and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), evaluating their independent effects after adjustments for sociodemographic, medical, and behavioral confounders.

METHODS: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 248 older adults aged 60 years and above. Cognitive status was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Thai version (MoCA-T). Demographic, medical, and behavioral data were collected through structure interviews. Oral health assessments included active dental caries, periodontal disease, number of natural teeth, number of posterior occluding pairs, and masticatory performance, all measured through clinical examination. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed using the enter method, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 68.7 years, and 73% were female. Of the 248 participants, 73 (29.4%) were identified as having MCI. After adjusting for age, marital status, education, occupation, income, hypertension, functional, and nutritional status, only periodontal disease remained significantly associated with MCI (adjusted OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.05-3.84, p = 0.035).

CONCLUSION: Among the oral health factors examined, periodontal disease emerged as the only factor independently associated with MCI after adjustment for demographic, medical, and behavioral confounders.

PMID:41635984 | DOI:10.1111/scd.70144

Chemistry. 2026 Feb 4:e03299. doi: 10.1002/chem.202503299. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Machine learning (ML) models are increasingly used in quantum chemistry, but their reliability hinges on uncertainty quantification (UQ). In this study, we compare two prominent UQ paradigms-deep evidential regression (DER) and deep ensembles-on the QM9 and WS22 datasets, with a specific emphasis on the role of post hoc calibration. Raw uncertainties from both methods were systematically miscalibrated: DER produced uncertainty estimates where data noise and model uncertainty were not cleanly separated, while ensembles produced sharper yet underconfident estimates. Applying calibration techniques such as isotonic regression (ISR), standard scaling, and GP-Normal corrected these deficiencies, aligning predicted variances with observed errors. On QM9, calibration enabled DER to filter high-confidence predictions more effectively than ensembles. On WS22, calibrated ensembles not only improved statistical reliability but also delivered substantial computational savings in active learning, reducing redundant ab initio evaluations by more than 20%. These results demonstrate that post hoc calibration is essential to transform uncertainty estimates from descriptive metrics into actionable signals, ensuring both trustworthy predictions and resource-efficient molecular modeling.

PMID:41635978 | DOI:10.1002/chem.202503299