Tag: nevin manimala

Cogn Res Princ Implic. 2024 Nov 4;9(1):75. doi: 10.1186/s41235-024-00592-4.

ABSTRACT

People are often asked to self-evaluate their abilities, and these evaluations may not always reflect objective reality. Here, we investigated this issue for bilingual adults’ self-evaluations of language proficiency and usage. We specifically examined how people’s self-reported language solidarity impacted their first- (L1) and second-language (L2) self-evaluations, while statistically controlling for their objective language performance (i.e. LexTALE). We also investigated whether this impact varied for value-laden evaluations (e.g. how “good” am I at my L2) vs. usage-based evaluations (e.g. how often do I use my L2) for two sociolinguistically distinct groups (i.e. English-L1 speakers vs. French-L1 speakers in Montreal). Starting with value-laden self-evaluations, we found that French-L1 speakers with more favourable L2-English solidarity tended to underestimate their objective L2 ability, whereas French-L1 speakers with less favourable L2-English solidarity more accurately estimated their objective L2 ability. In contrast, English-L1 speakers with more favourable L2-French solidarity more accurately estimated their objective L2 ability than those with less favourable L2-French solidarity who underestimated their L2-French abilities. Turning to usage-based self-evaluations, we found that participants’ self-evaluations were generally more accurate reflections of their performance, in a manner that was less affected by individual differences in self-reported language solidarity. This implies that language solidarity (or perhaps language attitudes more generally) can implicitly or explicitly impact bilingual adults’ language self-evaluations when these evaluations are value-laden. These data suggest that people’s language attitudes can bias how they perceive their abilities, although self-evaluations based on language use may be less susceptible to bias than those that are value-laden. These data have implications for the study of language and cognition that depend on self-assessments of individual differences and are relevant to work on how people self-assess their abilities generally.

PMID:39495425 | DOI:10.1186/s41235-024-00592-4

Clin Oral Investig. 2024 Nov 4;28(11):624. doi: 10.1007/s00784-024-06019-0.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Aimed to compare the volumetric calculations (VC) of intra-and-extraoral scanners on carious teeth before/after caries removal.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: 120 extracted human molars with ICDAS scores of 3, 4, and 5 were included. The teeth were scanned using an extraoral scanner (Ineos-X5, Dentsply Sirona) and three intraoral scanners (IOS) (iTero Element-5D, Align Technology; Primescan, Dentsply Sirona; Trios 4, 3Shape) before-and-after caries removal (CR). Eight Standard Tessellation Language (STL) data of each tooth sample were overlapped in Meshmixer (Autodesk) software for VC. Shapiro-Wilk, Paired Two-Sample T-test, repeated analysis of variance test statistics, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used (p < 0.05).

RESULTS: In initial VC, a significant difference observed between Ineos-X5 and iTero Element-5D (p < 0.001) and Ineos-X5 and Primescan (p < 0.001), regardless of the ICDAS score. No significant difference observed after CR between Ineos-X5 and iTero Element-5D (p = 0.917), Ineos-X5 and Primescan (p = 0.936), and Ineos-X5 and Trios 4 (p = 0.727) respectively. There was also no difference between the three IOS after CR (p ≥ 0.05), whereas the iTero Element-5D scanner significantly calculated less volume than Primescan and Trios-4 initially (p = 0.003). Maximum ICC was observed between the Ineos-X5 and Primescan in the ICDAS 5 score, before CR (ICC = 1, p < 0.001) and triple comparisons of iTero Element-5D, Primescan, and Trios-4 (ICC = 1, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Carious and irregular surfaces might affect the data collection of IOS.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Intra-and-extraoral data may present negligible differences in the volumetric calculation, depending on the caries status and anatomical properties. These differences and factors may be important for future artificial intelligence networks that simulate the aftermath of caries removal. The IOSs tested in the current study can successfully collect data from irregular, deep and shallow cavities after caries removal.

PMID:39495394 | DOI:10.1007/s00784-024-06019-0

Invest New Drugs. 2024 Nov 4. doi: 10.1007/s10637-024-01481-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The reporting of adverse events (AEs) is fundamental to characterize safety profiles of novel therapeutic drug classes, however, conventional analysis strategies are suboptimal tools for this task. We therefore attempted to contribute to the modernization of AE analysis by encompassing the dimension of time, the duration and the recurrent nature of AEs induced by these extended treatment durations. This paper presents and highlights the benefits of alternative approaches to modernize AE analysis based on the MOTIVATE prospective study modeling immune-related AEs (irAEs) in patients with solid tumors (regardless of the primary site) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor irrespective of disease stage. The probability of presenting an irAE over time was estimated using the prevalence function. The time-to-onset (TTO) and the mean number of recurrent irAEs were also assessed. Among the 147 patients analyzed, 39.7% had a melanoma, 37.7% a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 74.8% were treated for metastatic disease. Despite a higher proportion of melanoma patients presenting at least one irAE, the prevalence of irAEs was lower in melanoma than in NSCLC patients over time. TTO analysis showed that irAEs occurred earlier in NSCLC patients whereas melanoma patients experienced more recurrent irAEs over the long-term. The prevalence function of non-metastatic and metastatic patients revealed different long-term toxicity profiles. These alternative methodologies capture different toxicity patterns (time-to-onset, recurrent, acute episodic or long-term moderate AEs) and provide a more consistent safety assessment for new therapeutics, thereby assisting clinicians and health authorities in their therapeutic decision-making processes.

PMID:39495388 | DOI:10.1007/s10637-024-01481-9

World J Urol. 2024 Nov 4;42(1):621. doi: 10.1007/s00345-024-05304-7.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:39495377 | DOI:10.1007/s00345-024-05304-7

Ann Surg Oncol. 2024 Nov 4. doi: 10.1245/s10434-024-16424-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer (BCa) diagnosis relies on distinguishing muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) from non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) forms. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) is a standard procedure for initial staging and treatment. The Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) enhances diagnostic accuracy for muscle invasiveness through advanced imaging techniques, potentially reducing reliance on repeat TURBT and improving patient management.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the role of VI-RADS in predicting muscle invasiveness in BCa and its potential to predict adverse pathology in high-risk NMIBC to avoid unnecessary repeat TURBT procedures.

METHODS: In this prospective study, we included 62 patients over the age of 18 years who underwent TURBT. In a secondary phase, patients selected for restaging TURBT (re-TURBT) were included, but those with T2 tumors or low-risk NMIBC were excluded. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations were scored by a radiologist using the VI-RADS 5 method, while a pathologist analyzed TURBT and re-TURBT samples for accurate staging. Statistical analysis evaluated the role of VI-RADS in BCa staging.

RESULTS: The VI-RADS score was the only predictive factor for muscle invasion in multivariate analysis. Setting the VI-RADS score at >3 resulted in the highest sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy, with values of 67.0%, 89.0%, and 78%, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic area under the curve score for VI-RADS for muscle invasion was 85% for stage Ta, 61% for stage T1, and 88% for stage T2, which shows the utility of VI-RADS in the predictiveness of MIBC/NMIBC.

CONCLUSION: VI-RADS is effective in stratifying BCa patients by predicting muscle invasiveness and identifying NMIBC cases that may not need repeat TURBT.

PMID:39495364 | DOI:10.1245/s10434-024-16424-0

Discov Oncol. 2024 Nov 4;15(1):616. doi: 10.1007/s12672-024-01480-5.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) is a transcription factor that regulates several biological processes. Its potential in anti-tumor immunotherapy is becoming clearer, yet no bibliometric studies on this topic exist. This study aims to understand the current research landscape and identify future directions through a bibliometric analysis of AHR’s anti-tumor immunological effects.

METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of AHR antitumor immunotherapy papers in the Web of Science Core Collection. Various aspects of the publications were analyzed, and research hotspots and future trends were identified using scientific bibliometric tools and statistical methods.

RESULTS: We collected 592 English papers published between 2010 and 2023, with an almost annual increase. Most publications were from the USA, followed by China, Germany, and Italy. The journal “Frontiers in Immunology” had the most papers, and the most cited paper was Christiane A. Opitz’s “An endogenous tumour-promoting ligand of the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor.” The research is centered around AHR gene expression, with a growing focus on intestinal disease and the development of Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) drugs.

CONCLUSION: This bibliometric study highlights the significance of AHR in immunomodulatory research, outlining the research trends and key contributors. It suggests AHR’s immune effects may mediate the process of colitis cancer transformation, providing valuable insights for future anti-tumor immunotherapy strategies based on AHR.

PMID:39495340 | DOI:10.1007/s12672-024-01480-5

Support Care Cancer. 2024 Nov 4;32(11):767. doi: 10.1007/s00520-024-08966-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The study evaluated the concordance between patient-reported outcomes (PRO) and clinician-reported outcomes (CRO) of acute radiation dermatitis (RD) symptoms following adjuvant radiotherapy for early-stage and locally advanced breast cancer.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of a multi-center randomized phase 3 trial (376 patients). Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to compare the Skin Symptom Assessment (SSA) independently reported by both patients and clinicians. Concordance between patient- and clinician-reported SSAs for RD symptoms was measured by percent concordance, concordance index (C-statistic), and Cohen’s Kappa. Analyses were performed across all patients in the original modified intention-to-treat analysis and those with only grade 2-3 (CTCAE) RD.

RESULTS: PROs were significantly more severe than CROs across all RD symptoms (Odds Ratio [OR] > 1; p < 0.0001). Pigmentation (OR 5.4), blistering/peeling (OR 4.0), and pain/soreness (OR 3.9) were the most differentially reported symptoms. Poor-to-low concordance was noted between patient- and clinician-reported SSAs for all RD symptoms for the entire cohort (percent concordance < 50%, C-statistic 0.52-0.63, Cohen’s Kappa 13.9-23.4%) and those with grade 2-3 RD (percent concordance < 50%, C-statistic 0.56-0.66, Cohen’s Kappa 2.0-24.5%). Similarly, poor-to-low concordance was noted in both Mepitel film and standard-of-care arms.

CONCLUSION: PROs and CROs have poor concordance in breast RD, and patients report worse outcomes than clinicians, regardless of RD severity or prophylaxis. PROs must be further integrated into routine clinical practice and clinical trial design to reduce the risk of underreporting symptoms.

PMID:39495339 | DOI:10.1007/s00520-024-08966-6

Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2024 Nov 4;166(1):438. doi: 10.1007/s00701-024-06312-7.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Autologous bone cranioplasty is associated with a high complication rate, particularly infections and bone resorption. Although there are studies on the incidence and risk factors for complications following autologous bone cranioplasty, the study design is typically limited to retrospective analysis with multiple statistical explorations in small cohorts from single centers. Thus, there is a need for systematic analysis of aggregated data to determine the rate and risk factors for cranioplasty complications.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and risk factors for complications after autologous bone cranioplasty.

METHODS: In this systemic review, we conducted a Medline, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science search: 11,172 papers were identified. Duplicates were removed and only articles on complications following autologous bone cranioplasty between the years 2000 and 2022 were included. After title, abstract, and article screening, 132 papers were included for further analysis.

RESULTS: In total, the 132 studies are based on 13,592 patients (14960 implants). One third of the studies include patients with less than 3 months of postoperative follow-up. Complication management (flap removal, revision without flap removal, and conservative treatment) of infection, bone resorption, and hematoma/seromas are not reported in 19-30% of the studies. In the studies with defined complications management, the overall complication rate is 7.6% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) [7.1-8.2]) for infection, 14.4% (95% CI [13.7-15.2]) for bone resorption with indication for reconstruction, and 5.8%, (95% CI 5.2-6.5) for hematoma/seromas. Factors such as younger age, an extended interval between craniectomy and cranioplasty, the use of a fragmented bone implant, a larger implant size, and shunt treatment are linked to an increased risk of postoperative bone resorption.

CONCLUSION: The lack of consistent definitions of complications, variations in follow-up time, and small study cohorts limit the external validity of many studies. Overall, the rate of bone flap resorption that required reoperation is high, while the rate of infectious complications is comparable to synthetic implants. Thus, autologous bone should preferably be used in cases without strong risk factors for bone necrosis.

PMID:39495337 | DOI:10.1007/s00701-024-06312-7

Environ Monit Assess. 2024 Nov 4;196(12):1153. doi: 10.1007/s10661-024-13333-3.

ABSTRACT

Global environmental pollution and rapid climate change have become a serious matter of concern. Remarkable spatial and seasonal variations have been observed due to rapid industrialization, urbanization, different festive occasions, etc. Among all the existing pollutants, the fine airborne particles ${\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}$ (with aerodynamic equivalent diameter $\le 2.5\mu m$ ) and ${\mathrm{PM}}_{10}$ (with aerodynamic equivalent diameter $\le 10\mu m$ ) are associated with chronic diseases. This leads to carry out the study regarding the varying relationship between ${\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}$ and other associated factors so that its concentration level might be under control. Existing literature has explored the geographical association between the pollutants and a few other important factors. To address this problem, the present study aims to explore the wide spatio-temporal relationships between the particulate matter ( ${\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}$ ) with the other associated factors (e.g., socio-demographic, meteorological factors, and air pollutants). For this analysis, the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model with different kernels (viz. Gaussian and Bisquare kernels) and the ordinary least squares (OLS) model have been carried out to analyze the same from the perspective of the four major seasons (i.e., autumn, winter, summer, and monsoon) in different districts of India. It may be inferred from the results that the local model (i.e., GWR model with Bisquare kernel) captures the spatial heterogeneity in a better way and their performances have been compared in terms of $R^2$ values ( $>0.99$ in all cases) and corrected Akaike information criterion ( ${\mathrm{AIC}}_c$ ) (maximum value $–618.69$ and minimum value $–896.88$ ). It has been revealed that there is a strong negative impact between forest coverage and PM pollution in northern India during the major seasons. The same has been found in Delhi, Haryana, and a few districts of Rajasthan during the 1-year cycle (October 2022-September 2023). It has also been found that PM concentration levels become high over the specified period with the temperature drop in Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, etc. Moreover, a strong positive association is visible in PM pollution level with the total population.

PMID:39495335 | DOI:10.1007/s10661-024-13333-3

J Am Heart Assoc. 2024 Nov 4:e033513. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.123.033513. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study investigated drug-drug interactions in patients with atrial fibrillation taking both a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) and an antiarrhythmic drug.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Using data from the National Health Insurance database (2012-2018), we identified 78 805 patients with atrial fibrillation on DOACs, with 24 142 taking amiodarone, 8631 taking propafenone, 2784 taking dronedarone, 297 taking flecainide, 177 taking sotalol, and 42 772 on DOACs alone. Patients with bradycardia, heart block, heart failure, mitral stenosis, prosthetic valves, or incomplete data were excluded. Propensity score matching compared those taking both DOACs and antiarrhythmic drugs with those on DOACs alone. There was an increased risk of major bleeding in patients concomitantly taking DOACs with amiodarone when compared with matched patients taking DOACs alone (hazard ratio [HR],1.13 [95% CI, 1.04-1.23]; P=0.0044), particularly in patients taking dabigatran (HR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.03-1.38]; P=0.0175). No significant difference in bleeding risk was found for propafenone, dronedarone, flecainide, or sotalol. The small sample sizes in the flecainide and sotalol groups limit interpretation. Notably, intracranial bleeding risk was higher in patients on DOACs and amiodarone, regardless of age. Additionally, patients <80 years old taking dabigatran with amiodarone or propafenone had a higher risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.

CONCLUSIONS: Concomitant use of DOACs with amiodarone, but not dronedarone or propafenone, increases the risk of major bleeding, particularly intracranial bleeding. This study provides new evidence to guide clinicians to tailor concomitant anticoagulation and antiarrhythmic therapy for patients with atrial fibrillation.

PMID:39494558 | DOI:10.1161/JAHA.123.033513