Tag: nevin manimala

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024 Apr;16(Suppl 2):S1685-S1689. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1042_23. Epub 2024 Apr 16.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: histopathology plays a pivotal role in clinical diagnosis, research, and medical education. In recent years, whole slide imaging (wsi) has emerged as a potential alternative to traditional microscopy for pathological examination. This study aims to provide a comprehensive comparison of wsi and traditional microscopy(tm) in various aspects of histopathology practice.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, total of 30 cases comprising of oral premalignant and malignant cases which were diagnostically challenging was considered from the archives of the institute for validation. The slides were scanned with slide scanner and were evaluated by histopathologists. The comparative parameters which were noted were diagnostic discordances, number of fields observed to reach the diagnosis and time taken.

RESULTS: The mean time taken by the pathologists to reach the diagnosis was significantly less in whole slide imaging technique. The average number of fields observed was higher by using wsi that too in a lesser time compared to tm, the results were found to be statistically significant with p=0.001.however the diagnostic disparity were seen to be maximum for verrucous lesions both in wsi and tm.

CONCLUSION: wsi has facilitated the specialty with rapid mode of diagnosis in a more efficient and error less manner. It has also aided in case banking as well as research possibilities. Hence with the advent of telepathology it is very much necessary to get trained with wsi as early as possible so that the professionals can render correct diagnosis.

PMID:38882897 | PMC:PMC11174336 | DOI:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1042_23

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024 Apr;16(Suppl 2):S1365-S1368. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_377_23. Epub 2024 Apr 16.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Evaluating the canal-centering and apical transportation ability of endodontic file systems working with different kinematics but of similar cross section.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty human maxillary first molar mesiobuccal (MB) roots were assigned to three experimental groups based on instrumentation techniques: Reciproc Blue (RB), Mtwo (M2), and OneShape (OS). Pre- and post-instrumentation micro-computed tomographic analysis was performed. Centering ability and apical transportation were analyzed at 3 mm, 6 mm, and 9 mm short of the apex. Statistical analysis was conducted using Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test.

RESULTS: OS showed better canal-centering ability than RB and M2 at 3 mm, 6 mm, and 9 mm. No significant difference among the tested groups was observed during the assessment of apical transportation (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: The systems evaluated safely prepared curved MB canals with minimal canal transportation. OS showed superior canal-centering ability compared to the other two groups.

PMID:38882893 | PMC:PMC11174255 | DOI:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_377_23

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024 Apr;16(Suppl 2):S1605-S1611. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_895_23. Epub 2024 Apr 16.

ABSTRACT

Oral malignant lesions are the most common malignancy of which majority are diagnosed in advanced stages in Saudi Arabia. Patients with oral malignant lesion are first seen by general dental practitioners and dental students. Multiple surveys have been conducted and published to assess the students, interns, and dentists’ awareness and attitude toward oral premalignant lesions worldwide. However, little is known about this issue in Saudi Arabia. We aimed to assess knowledge and awareness of detecting oral premalignant lesions among dental students, dental interns, and practitioners in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted and electronically distributed. The questionnaire comprised of three sections including demographic variables, knowledge of risk factors of oral malignancy, and six clinical case scenarios. Descriptive statistics were used, and the results were reported using cross-tabulation and the Chi-square test. A 300 participants answered to the questionnaire, and 83% of respondents strongly agreed that smoking is a risk factor for oral malignancy. However, there was some uncertainty in responses for some more specific oral-related factors, such as a sharp-edged tooth and irritation from dental restoration. Furthermore, the knowledge and awareness of detecting frankly benign and frankly malignant lesions such as fibroma and squamous cell carcinoma are higher comparing to potentially malignant lesion, i.e. lichen planus. Knowledge and awareness of detecting oral premalignant lesions vary based on malignancy factors and by participants academic level. Fibroma and SCC are detected easily among all participants. However, lichen planus was the hardest to diagnose among oral lesions.

PMID:38882888 | PMC:PMC11174288 | DOI:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_895_23

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024 Apr;16(Suppl 2):S1679-S1684. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_423_23. Epub 2024 Apr 16.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To evaluate and compare three different root canal sealers (Endo-Sequence BC, Bio Root RCS and Zinc Oxide Eugenol) on post operative pain in single visit root canal therapies.

MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY: 60 subjects with age ranging from 18-60 years were randomly selected depending upon the inclusion criteria. The subjects were then divided into three groups with 20 patients in each. In all the patients’ single visit root canal treatment was done followed by obturation using different sealers. In Group I Endo- Sequence sealer was used, in Group II Bio-Root RCS and in Group III Zinc Oxide Eugenol sealers were used respectively.

RESULTS: statistically significant results were obtained on comparing the efficacy of three groups with Group I proving to be much effect among the three.

CONCLUSION: within the limitation of the study it can be concluded that though all the sealers were effective in reducing post-operative pain, patients with Endo Sequence BC sealers evaluated statistically significant results.

PMID:38882873 | PMC:PMC11174161 | DOI:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_423_23

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024 Apr;16(Suppl 2):S1390-S1392. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_622_23. Epub 2024 Apr 16.

ABSTRACT

The evaluation of conventional two-dimensional radiography is crucial in making the diagnosis of periodontitis. Radio-visiography (RVG) is one of the digital imaging modalities that have received significant recognition as a replacement for film-based radiography due to its improved image quality, quick turnaround time, and minimal radiation dose. In order to compare the diagnostic efficacy of Direct Digital and Conventional Intraoral Peri-apical Radiographs in identifying Interdental Bone Loss, the present investigation was carried out. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 96 patients prospectively. Radiographs were exposed using a Gendex Oralix AC machine. Statistical data was analyzed using IBM SPSS statistical software using appropriate statistical tests. For both age categories, the radiographic method yielded a higher mean score than the periodontal probe method. The mean scores were noted to be higher following surgery. The radiographic approach recorded a greater mean score when gender groups were compared than the periodontal probe, which had a lower mean score. The mean scores after surgery were noted to be lower than the radiography approach and higher than the periodontal probe. The results demonstrate the radiographic technique’s significant advantage over clinical tests in determining furcation regions as well as its superior accuracy in spotting periodontal disintegration over clinical probing.

PMID:38882871 | PMC:PMC11174274 | DOI:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_622_23

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024 Apr;16(Suppl 2):S1594-S1597. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1090_23. Epub 2024 Apr 16.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The current study’s aim was to evaluate the potential of various fluoride varnishes to remineralize artificial enamel lesions on primary teeth.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the study, 90 deciduous molar teeth that were implicated for extraction were taken. A window region with a size of 3 × 3 mm was located in the middle of the tooth’s coronal surface. The remaining portion was given a coat of nail polish and given time to dry. A demineralizing solution was used to create the artificial enamel lesion. The samples were randomized into three experimental groups at random, with 30 samples in each group. Group 1: Application of Clinpro White Varnish, Group 2: Application of Duraphat Varnish, and Group 3: Application of MI Varnish. After 14 days, samples from each group were examined under scanning electron microscopy at a magnification of 1000× to determine whether remineralization had occurred. Microhardness was also determined using a microhardness tester.

RESULT: Before the intervention, the mean demineralized enamel lesion in the Clinpro White Varnish group was 134.44 ± 0.04, in the Duraphat Varnish group was 133.76 ± 0.12, and in the MI Varnish group was 133.89 ± 0.08. After intervention, the maximum remineralized area was found in the MI Varnish group (82.74 ± 0.18) followed by the Clinpro White Varnish group (101.43 ± 0.16) and the Duraphat Varnish group (104.11 ± 0.10). After the intervention, there was a statistically significant difference found between the groups. After the intervention, the maximum microhardness mean value improved in the MI Varnish group (257.03 ± 1.09 to 261.18 ± 1.20) followed by Clinpro White Varnish (258.78 ± 1.64 to 260.10 ± 1.22) and Duraphat Varnish group (255.24 ± 1.51 to 258.02 ± 0.89).

CONCLUSION: According to the findings of the current investigation, all of the varnishes utilized in this in vitro experiment are capable of correcting early enamel defects on primary teeth. However, MI Varnish group was very effective compared to the Clinpro White Varnish group and the Duraphat Varnish group.

PMID:38882862 | PMC:PMC11174162 | DOI:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1090_23

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024 Apr;16(Suppl 2):S1612-S1618. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_925_23. Epub 2024 Apr 16.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory medications that are used to reduce inflammation and inhibit the immune system in a variety of disorders, including allergies, asthma, systemic lupus erythematous, eczema, inflammatory bowel disease, and swollen joints or muscles. The goal of this study was to assess the level of awareness and sources of information about the side effects of corticosteroids among the general population in Saudi Arabia.

METHODS: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted in Saudi Arabia using an electronic questionnaire. A non-probability convenience sampling technique was used. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for data analysis.

RESULTS: The study included 755 participants from Saudi Arabia (67.3% females and 32.7% males). Around 26.8% reported using corticosteroids, and 73.9% were aware of the side effects of glucocorticoids. Among steroid users (202 participants), the most common conditions were allergies (36.1%), asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (21.8%), and skin diseases (27.7%). The majority of respondents (57.9%) used steroids for less than 2 weeks, and topical application (52.5%) was the most common form. Only 30.7% received information about side effects at the time of prescription. The most reported side effects were truncal obesity, moon face, skin thinning, bruising, and slower wound healing.

CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of promoting awareness and knowledge regarding the side effects of corticosteroids in Saudi Arabia. While overall awareness levels were relatively satisfactory, specific side effects require further attention in educational efforts.

PMID:38882861 | PMC:PMC11174157 | DOI:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_925_23

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024 Apr;16(Suppl 2):S1400-S1403. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_693_23. Epub 2024 Apr 16.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Complex anatomy of the root canal system results in incomplete debridement with mechanical instrumentation, leaving some areas or root canal walls untouched. There comes the significance of endodontic irrigants with residual antibacterial substantivity which prolongs the post-antibiotic effect, thereby improving the success and predictability of endodontic treatment.

AIM: To comparatively evaluate the residual antibacterial substantivity of 2% chlorhexidine, Biopure MTAD and 2% chitosan against Enterococcus faecalis at intervals of 1, 14 and 28 days.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-five therapeutically extracted permanent single rooted mandibular premolars teeth were selected. Dentin blocks of 4 mm thickness were prepared and enlarged to 1.6 mm. The autoclaved blocks were inoculated with 24-hour colonies of pure cultures of E. faecalis for 14 days. After the contamination period, canals of each dentin block were irrigated with 5 ml of sterile saline and dried with sterile paper points. A total of 75 dentin blocks were randomly divided into five groups as follows: Group A (21 specimens): 2% chlorhexidine, Group B (21 specimens): Biopure MTAD, Group C (21 specimens): 2% chitosan, Group D (6 specimens): positive control (infected dentin tubes) and Group E (six specimens): negative control (sterile dentin tubes). Then, the lumens of dentin blocks were irrigated with the respective irrigants for 10 mins and were dried using sterile paper points. The specimens were then incubated at 37°C for 28 days to maintain humidity. At experimental intervals of 1, 14 and 28 days, dentin shavings were removed from the canals of respective groups by circumferential filing with sterile no. 35 Hedstrom files. The powdered dentin samples obtained with each dentin block were observed for colony forming units (CFUs) using a Digital Colony counter and were expressed as CFUs/mL.

RESULT: All the irrigants in the study showed a significant decrease in CFUs from day 1 to day 28 indicating that they have residual antibacterial substantivity against E. faecalis. Group B (Biopure MTAD) showed significantly least mean CFUs compared to Group A (2% CHX) and Group C (2% chitosan) against E. faecalis at B1(day 1), B2(day 14) and B3(day 28). Group A (2% CHX) showed significantly higher mean CFUs than Group C (2% chitosan) at A1(day 1). Group C (2% chitosan) showed significantly higher mean CFUs compared to Group A (2% CHX) at C2(day 14) and C3 (day 28).

CONCLUSION: MTAD showed statistically higher residual antibacterial substantivity against E. faecalis at experimental periods of 1, 14 and 28 days. The residual antibacterial effect of 2% chitosan was better compared to 2% CHX at day 1. The residual antimicrobial substantivity of 2% CHX was higher compared to 2% chitosan at intervals of 14 and 28 days.

PMID:38882860 | PMC:PMC11174313 | DOI:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_693_23

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024 Apr;16(Suppl 2):S1633-S1636. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1170_23. Epub 2024 Apr 16.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Fordyce granules, sometimes referred to as Fordyce dots, are aberrant sebaceous glands that present as diminutive, non-painful, elevated lesions exhibiting a yellowish or whitish hue, measuring 1 to 3 mm in diameter, and manifesting inside the oral cavity. Likewise, these particles may also be seen in the vaginal region and inside the oral cavity.

AIM: The primary objective of the current study is to evaluate the potential association between Fordyce granules and the skin type of individuals who seek dental care at the Dental Clinics of Qassim University.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The current cross-sectional research was undertaken at the Dental Clinics of Qassim University, with a sample of 87 patients diagnosed with Fordyce’s granules. The research consisted of a heterogeneous sample of participants, including individuals of all genders, ranging in age from 18 to 85 years. The study included a comprehensive evaluation of several anatomical regions to identify the existence of Fordyce’s granules. This examination was conducted by a single examiner who had undergone calibration. Additionally, the participants’ skin types were established using the Baumann Skin Typing System questionnaire. The data that was gathered was afterward analyzed utilizing statistical methods via the use of SPSS software. A pre-set significance level was established at P < 0.05.

RESULTS: The distribution of skin types among the study participants with Fordyce’s granules were found to be oily skin (51.3%), dry skin (47.9%), sensitive skin (49.3%), and resistant skin (56.3%). The results of the research showed that there was no statistically significant correlation between the two variables, i.e. skin type and the presence of Fordyce’s granules. This conclusion is supported by the increased P values of 0.941 for those with oily skin and 0.785 for individuals with dry skin.

CONCLUSION: No relation between skin type and Fordyce’s granules in the current study.

PMID:38882851 | PMC:PMC11174180 | DOI:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1170_23

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024 Apr;16(Suppl 2):S1657-S1662. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1256_23. Epub 2024 Apr 16.

ABSTRACT

Rubber dam isolation is crucial in dentistry, but its use varies among dental students. There is a need to assess their awareness, attitudes, and practices and find ways to promote its usage. To evaluate dental students’ knowledge and practices regarding rubber dam isolation and identify barriers to its use. The study employed a cross-sectional design to assess dental students’ knowledge and practices regarding rubber dam isolation. Data were collected from dental students at Al-Qassim University during the period from January to March 2023. A convenience sampling method was used, involving students from the third, fourth, and fifth academic years, with a total of 62 questionnaires distributed. A pre-tested questionnaire consisting of 11 closed-ended questions was used to collect data, and the analysis was performed using SPSS version 21, with results presented through descriptive statistics. Only 21% always used rubber dam for amalgam restorations, while 53.2% used it for composite restorations. Over 70% believed their education on rubber dam was adequate. The main barriers were difficulty (40.3%) and time constraints (53.2%). About 68% felt rubber dam should be mandatory for composite treatments. Dental students need more education and training to bridge the gap between knowledge and practice concerning rubber dam isolation. Implementing it can enhance the quality of dental care.

PMID:38882844 | PMC:PMC11174262 | DOI:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1256_23