Tag: nevin manimala

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024 Apr;16(Suppl 2):S1423-S1425. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_808_23. Epub 2024 Apr 16.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: In pediatric dentistry, the esthetically pleasing materials have tremendously changed the concept of restorative practice.

AIM AND OBJECTIVES: 1. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of child health drinks on color stability of various esthetic restorative materials via spectrophotometric analysis and to identify the esthetic restorative material that is color-stable against child health drinks.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 120 disk-shaped specimens with a diameter of 12 mm and a thickness of 2 mm were made from a composite (Dyract), giomer (Shofu), and composite (GC). Each group of 40 specimens of each material was divided into four sub-groups. Each sub-group was stored in different solutions, distilled water, Bournvita, Horlicks, and Pediasure, for 60 days. The color change measurement was done using a spectrophotometer both before and after staining.

RESULT: One-way analysis of variance depicted that when the ΔE values of the restorative material were tested against each of the child health drink, there was a statistically significant difference between all child health drinks (P < 0.00001). When restorative materials were compared with the staining agent on 60 days duration, except Pediasure and Control, others (i.e. Horlicks and Bournvita) showed a statistically high significance (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Bournvita caused the highest color changes in 60 days time interval, followed by Horlicks and Pediasure. When the discoloration of several materials is studied, the highest level of discoloration was observed in the compomer, followed by the giomer, and the lowest level in the composite.

PMID:38882833 | PMC:PMC11174245 | DOI:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_808_23

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024 Apr;16(Suppl 2):S1526-S1530. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1208_23. Epub 2024 Apr 16.

ABSTRACT

The stainless-steel crown (SSC) is a durable restoration and has several indications for use in primary teeth such as following a pulpotomy/pulpectomy, fractured teeth, teeth with developmental defects, or large multi-surface caries lesions where amalgam is likely to fail. Due to its durability and a lifespan like the primary tooth, it could well be the gold standard in restorative care. SSCs protect the crown from fracture, reduce the possibility for leakage, and ensure a biological seal. However, the placement of the SSC should follow a meticulous technique. There are some clinical situations where the SSC may fail, leading to plaque accumulation and gingivitis. This could be secondary to improper crimping of crown margins, which lead to poorly adapted SSC. In some clinical situations, ledge formation under the crown or failure to clean excess cement can contact the gingiva and cause gingival inflammation. This study was carried out on 41 children between the ages of 4 and 10 in Al Qassim region to study the effects of SSCs on gingiva and oral hygiene. The study also aims to establish the correlation between SSC adaptation and post-insertion inflammation. The plaque and gingival index were recorded at 3 months’ post SSC insertion. Clinical examination was undertaken, and gingival index (Loe and Silness 1967) and plaque index (Silness and Loe 1967) were used to record gingival health and plaque accumulation, respectively. The result for post-inflammation and SSC adaptation showed that there was no statistically significant difference in post-insertion inflammation and crown adaptation (P value = 0.216). The result for pre-operative inflammation and post-operative inflammation shows that there is no significant difference in post-inflammation and adaptation (P value = 0.47). We found that oral hygiene care had a heightening effect and oral hygiene maintenance plays a key role in preventing gingival inflammation irrespective of the SSC adaptation over short periods of time (3 months).

PMID:38882832 | PMC:PMC11174296 | DOI:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1208_23

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024 Apr;16(Suppl 2):S1811-S1814. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1182_23. Epub 2024 Apr 16.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To assess the level of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the unstimulated saliva of autism children and normal children.

METHODS: A total of 60 children participated in the study (autism children-30; normal children-30) in the age-group of 7-14 years, at a Special Needs Children’s Home in Salem district. Both groups were further subdivided into subgroups of 15 children each (caries-free and caries-active). All children were given instructions regarding saliva sample collection, and unstimulated saliva samples were collected in sterile cryovials and transported to the laboratory at 4°C, where the TAC of saliva was evaluated using the spectrophotometric assay.

RESULTS: TAC of autism children was comparable to that of normal children due to personal care and improved diet. TAC was increased in caries-active children when compared to caries-free children in both groups. When comparing the mean values of TAC in caries-active and caries-free children of both groups, it was not statistically significant. So, from the above results, it can be assumed that the diet, age, and caries activity have a definitive influence on the TAC level of saliva.

CONCLUSION: Personal hygiene, diet, age, and caries activity have a definitive influence on the level of TAC in saliva.

PMID:38882824 | PMC:PMC11174289 | DOI:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1182_23

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024 Apr;16(Suppl 2):S1731-S1735. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1152_23. Epub 2024 Apr 16.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To evaluate the inhibitory effect of ethanolic extract blackseed, seaweed, and calcium hydroxide intracanal medicament with Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. To study the binding interaction between the active components of blackseed and seaweed against the enterococcal surface protein of (E. faecalis) by molecular docking.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ethanolic extracts of blackseed and seaweed were prepared using the Soxhlet apparatus. They were divided into three groups, namely, |Group I: Calcium hydroxide, Group II: Blackseed, and Group III: Seaweed. The antibacterial activity of the three groups was detected employing various concentrations ranging from 250, 125, and 62.5 μg/ml and based on the zone of inhibition. The inhibitory potential of medicaments to inhibit E. faecalis growth at various stages and kinetics plate were assessed following biofilm architecture evaluation by crystal violet biofilm assay. With the Swissdock suite, the molecular docking procedure was carried out. PyMOL version 4.1.5 was the program used for visualization. Since enterococcal surface protein (Esp) is primarily involved in the formation of biofilms, it was chosen as the target protein of E. faecalis. Based on their chromatographic investigations, Group II Thymoquinone (TQ) and Group III Ledenoxide were chosen as ligands.

RESULTS: The percentage of inhibition of E. faecalis biofilm was analyzed as statistically significant observed within groups. On post-hoc analysis, significant differences were present between the groups (P < 0.05). Molecular docking reveals binding energies of thymoquinone (Group II) and ledenoxide (Group III) against the enterococcal surface protein of E. faecalis were -6.90 Kcal/mol and -6.44 Kcal/mol, respectively.

CONCLUSION: Compared to seaweed, black seed extract exhibited higher antibacterial activity against the E. faecalis biofilm in microbial inhibition and molecular interaction.

PMID:38882822 | PMC:PMC11174239 | DOI:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1152_23

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024 Apr;16(Suppl 2):S1447-S1452. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_857_23. Epub 2024 Apr 16.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) has been linked with various oral signs and symptoms, such as oral mucosal lesions and gingival and periodontal effects. However, there is limited research on the prevalence of SLT use and its impact on gingival and periodontal health in the adult population of the Emirates of Sharjah.

AIM: To assess the prevalence of SLT consumption and its effects on gingival and periodontal health in the adult population of the Emirates of Sharjah.

METHODS: The study evaluated 171 dentate patients aged 18-77 years who use SLT or are nonsmokers. Data were collected through a questionnaire on SLT use and periodontal health assessed using plaque index, gingival index (GI), attachment score, and gingival recession (GR). Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 27.0 version.

RESULTS: Among 390 screened participants, 28 subjects (21 males and 7 females) were SLT users with prevalence of 7.18%. No significant differences were found in plaque index, GI, or periodontal pocket depth. However, SLT users had significantly higher clinical attachment loss scores (mean 4.01 mm, SD 0.35) compared to non-users (mean 1.49 mm, SD 1.12). Significant differences were also observed in GR.

CONCLUSIONS: This study provides insights into the prevalence and impact of SLT use on periodontal and gingival health in UAE adults. SLT usage is associated with a higher risk of periodontitis and gingivitis, indicating the need for awareness and intervention. Further research is required to validate results and consider confounding factors.

PMID:38882819 | PMC:PMC11174176 | DOI:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_857_23

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024 Apr;16(Suppl 2):S1442-S1446. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_842_23. Epub 2024 Apr 16.

ABSTRACT

Conservative caries removal has become an integral part of minimally invasive dentistry (MID). Polymer and Cera burs are two feasible MID methods. The aim of the study was to compare the efficiency of Polymer, Cera, and Tungsten carbide bur in dentin caries excavation of mandibular primary molars. 45 children in the age group of 6-8 years with dentin caries, not involving pulp in the second mandibular primary molars, were selected for the study. The three burs compared were polymer bur, Cera bur, and Tungsten Carbide bur. The excavation of carious lesion was performed with each burs using a slow-speed handpiece with 500-1000rpm. Caries removal efficiency was evaluated using the Visual-Tactile method and confirmed Dye detection method. The time taken to complete the caries removal was measured using a stopwatch. The patient’s pain perception was assessed using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale. The intergroup comparisons based on time, dye, and Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS) were arrived at using Mann-Whitney and Fisher Exact tests at P < 0.0001. A statistical significance between the three groups on the time taken for caries removal at P < 0.0001. No statistical significance was observed between the three groups for caries removal efficiency and pain perception using the dye and WBFPRS scores at P > 0.001. Cera burs had shown high caries removal efficiency, which had taken less time in the excavation, with reduced pain perception followed by Tungsten Carbide bur and the polymer bur in mandibular primary molars.

PMID:38882818 | PMC:PMC11174316 | DOI:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_842_23

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024 Apr;16(Suppl 2):S1270-S1273. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_587_23. Epub 2024 Apr 16.

ABSTRACT

Sesuvium portulacastrum, a coastal medicinal plant with traditional uses has shown promising biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. However, the mechanisms of action active ingredients of this plant have not been studied. Aim of the current study is to investigate the anticancer activity of Sesuvium portulacastrum using in vitro and in silico analysis. The in vitro assays included NO radical scavenging activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content determination. The data were analysed by one-way-ANOVA and p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of tannins, steroids, terpenoids and phenols. Antioxidant activity of S. portulacastrum showed the dose dependent effect of nitric oxide radical scavenging activity. In silico analysis showed a better binding affinity with IR, IRS1 and Akt molecules which demonstrated the action of bioactive compound of S. portulacastrum against IRS-1/AKT signalling pathway.

PMID:38882817 | PMC:PMC11174261 | DOI:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_587_23

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024 Apr;16(Suppl 2):S1726-S1730. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1137_23. Epub 2024 Apr 16.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To evaluate and compare volume and homogeneity of the three different root canal obturation systems.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Single-rooted premolar (n = 24) teeth samples were selected, and crowns were removed for standardization. Four groups are divided randomly as (n = 6), namely: For group I (single-cone gutta-percha obturation), group II (Beefill 2 in 1 obturation), group III (GuttaCore obturation), group IV (GuttaFlow bioseal obturation) and the root canal were subjected to prepare till X3 (protaper next) and subjected to micro-CT imaging. After completion of obturation, the image was taken by using micro-CT imaging. This is to evaluate the volume of filled obturation material in the canal space and the voided area sections, viz. the apical, middle, coronal, and third sections.

RESULTS: Group III (GuttaCore obturation) showed the least significant mean of the difference in relation to the volume of the canal obturation (81.148). The least mean significant difference in area of voids in the canal region for apical (0.00133), middle (0.00233), and coronal thirds (0.00533). The most statistically significant difference is in the apical and middle thirds root canal space.

CONCLUSION: All the experimental groups showed significant differences in volume and voids in the obturation at three different levels, and the GuttaCore obturation systems occupied more of the volume with less voids in the prepared root canal space.

PMID:38882816 | PMC:PMC11174270 | DOI:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1137_23

Stat Med. 2024 Jun 16. doi: 10.1002/sim.10135. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

There is growing interest in platform trials that allow for adding of new treatment arms as the trial progresses as well as being able to stop treatments part way through the trial for either lack of benefit/futility or for superiority. In some situations, platform trials need to guarantee that error rates are controlled. This paper presents a multistage design, that allows additional arms to be added in a platform trial in a preplanned fashion, while still controlling the family-wise error rate, under the assumption of known number and timing of treatments to be added, and no time trends. A method is given to compute the sample size required to achieve a desired level of power and we show how the distribution of the sample size and the expected sample size can be found. We focus on power under the least favorable configuration which is the power of finding the treatment with a clinically relevant effect out of a set of treatments while the rest have an uninteresting treatment effect. A motivating trial is presented which focuses on two settings, with the first being a set number of stages per active treatment arm and the second being a set total number of stages, with treatments that are added later getting fewer stages. Compared to Bonferroni, the savings in the total maximum sample size are modest in a trial with three arms, <1% of the total sample size. However, the savings are more substantial in trials with more arms.

PMID:38880949 | DOI:10.1002/sim.10135

Harm Reduct J. 2024 Jun 17;21(1):116. doi: 10.1186/s12954-024-01031-9.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: People who use drugs (PWUD) are at increased risk for HIV infection. HIV self-testing (HIVST) is a promising method for identifying new infections, but optimal distribution strategies remain understudied.

METHODS: To characterize PWUD by HIVST distribution strategy (peers vs. mail), we examined data from July 2022 to June 2023 collected from a real-world HIVST program led by the non-profit, Florida Harm Reduction Collective. We used descriptive statistics and Poisson regressions with robust error variance to compare those who received HIVST through peers or via mail by socio-demographics, Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) county designation, and HIV testing experience.

RESULTS: Among 728 participants, 78% received HIVST from peers, 47% identified as cisgender female, 48% as heterosexual, and 45% as non-White; 66% resided in an EHE county, and 55% had no HIV testing experience. Compared to those who received an HIV self-test from peers, those who received tests via mail were less likely to be cisgender male (vs. cisgender female; prevalence ratio [PR] = 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43, 0.81), non-Hispanic Black (vs. non-Hispanic White; PR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.89) or from EHE counties (vs. non-EHE counties; PR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.44). Those who received tests via mail were also more likely to identify their sexual orientation as “Other/Undisclosed” (vs. straight/heterosexual; PR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.51, 2.66).

CONCLUSION: Our findings support the role of community-based HIVST distribution strategies in increasing HIV testing coverage among PWUD. Additional research could help inform the equitable reach of HIVST.

PMID:38880929 | DOI:10.1186/s12954-024-01031-9