Tag: nevin manimala

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Feb 13;136(6):064201. doi: 10.1103/v28b-5qmp.

ABSTRACT

By combining artificial intelligence and fluid physics, we discover a closed-form closure for 2D turbulence from small direct numerical simulation data. Large-eddy simulation with this closure is accurate and stable, reproducing direct numerical simulation statistics, including those of extremes. We also show that the new closure could be derived from a fourth-order truncated Taylor expansion. Prior analytical and artificial-intelligence-based work only found the second-order expansion, which led to unstable large-eddy simulation. The additional terms emerge only when interscale energy transfer is considered alongside standard reconstruction criterion in the sparse-equation discovery.

PMID:41765828 | DOI:10.1103/v28b-5qmp

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Feb 13;136(6):067102. doi: 10.1103/2b12-3vrx.

ABSTRACT

Gaussian macroscopic fluctuation theory underpins the understanding of noise in a broad class of nonequilibrium systems. We derive exact fluctuation-response relations linking the power spectral density of stationary fluctuations to the linear response of stable nonequilibrium steady states. Both of these can be determined experimentally and used to reconstruct the kernel of the linearized dynamics and the diffusion matrix, and thus any features of the Gaussian theory. We apply our theory to gene regulatory networks with negative feedback, and derive an explicit internal-external noise decomposition of the power spectral density for any networks, including cross-correlations.

PMID:41765826 | DOI:10.1103/2b12-3vrx

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Feb 13;136(6):067301. doi: 10.1103/xm8d-v66z.

ABSTRACT

We develop a diagrammatic approach analyzing Gibbs measures (i.e., Bayesian posteriors) in deep shaped multilayer perceptrons at arbitrary temperature. This gives the first (perturbatively) solvable model of learning with nonlinear neural networks where the input dimension N_{0}, depth L, width N, and number of samples P can all be large without severe assumptions on either initialization or training data statistics. The limits N_{0},N,L,P→∞ do not commute, resulting in a rich phase diagram of learning regimes that we study to first order in 1/N. We find in particular that the ratio LP/N defines a critical depth necessary for feature learning: if LP/N→0, then Bayesian posteriors coincide with those of a kernel method. Regimes where LP/N→λ>0, in contrast, correspond to learning with data-dependent deformations of these kernels, and we provide explicit formulas for the resulting features to first order in 1/N.

PMID:41765812 | DOI:10.1103/xm8d-v66z

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Feb 13;136(6):063001. doi: 10.1103/2qxw-y8df.

ABSTRACT

Isotope shift metrology in the deep-UV region has been performed for all bosonic isotopes of mercury with a zero nuclear spin, using the technique of frequency-comb referenced, wavelength-modulated, saturated absorption spectroscopy. The absolute center frequencies of the 6s^{2} ^{1}S_{0}→6s6p ^{3}P_{1} transition have been measured with precision in the range of 2.5-5.9 10^{-12} in temperature-stabilized Hg vapor samples with natural abundances. Frequency shifts in four isotope pairs have been determined with unprecedented accuracy, the global uncertainty being improved by a factor greater than 20 with respect to the best experimental data of the past literature. Our dataset, when combined with previous measurements on the 6s6p ^{3}P_{2}→6s7s ^{3}S_{1} transition at 546 nm, allows us to build a King plot that reveals a nonlinearity with a statistical significance of 4.6σ.

PMID:41765806 | DOI:10.1103/2qxw-y8df

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Feb 13;136(6):068403. doi: 10.1103/x2pf-n27q.

ABSTRACT

We investigate how material diffusion processes affect the temporal evolution of the radii of DNA droplets formed from DNA nanoparticles whose phase-separation ability can be enzymatically degraded. The droplets are immobilized so as to disallow Brownian coalescence, and their size is tracked using confocal fluorescent microscopy. Without enzymes, we observe very slow Ostwald ripening in rough agreement with the Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner theory. With enzymes, we observe a dynamic radius distribution in which time and radius decouple, leading to an unusual behavior in which the average radius remains constant despite the total droplet volume decreasing. Our Letter provides insights into the statistical dynamics of phase-separated droplets, with relevance to both biological condensates and materials applications.

PMID:41765797 | DOI:10.1103/x2pf-n27q

J Prosthodont. 2026 Mar 1. doi: 10.1111/jopr.70115. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Mandibular two-implant overdentures represent the standard of care for edentulous patients; however, long-term evidence comparing prosthetic maintenance demands among different bar attachment systems remains limited. This pilot randomized clinical study aimed to compare the 5-year prosthetic complications and maintenance profiles of bar-locator versus bar-clip attachments to inform clinical attachment selection.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen completely edentulous patients were rehabilitated with new maxillary and mandibular complete dentures and received two implants placed in the mandibular canine regions. Participants were randomly allocated to either a bar-locator group (n = 8) or a bar-clip group (n = 8). Prosthetic complications, including retentive component wear, screw loosening, tooth wear, denture fracture, relining, and other maintenance events, were clinically recorded over a 5-year follow-up period.

RESULTS: All participants completed the 5-year follow-up (100% retention). A total of 24 prosthetic complications were recorded in the bar-locator group and 13 in the bar-clip group. The mean number of complications per patient was 3.0 ± 1.3 for bar-locator and 1.6 ± 0.9 for bar-clip overdentures (absolute risk difference = +1.4; 95% CI: -0.3 to 3.0). Although the bar-locator group demonstrated numerically higher frequencies of retentive insert wear, tooth wear, and minor fractures, none of the between-group differences reached statistical significance (p > 0.05). No catastrophic mechanical failures were observed in either group.

CONCLUSIONS: Over 5 years, both bar-locator and bar-clip attachment systems demonstrated reliable mechanical performance and clinical longevity. The bar-locator system was associated with a higher overall maintenance burden. In contrast, bar-clip overdentures required relining more frequently, reflecting distinct long-term maintenance profiles rather than differences in durability. These pilot findings support the feasibility of a larger randomized trial and highlight the need for future studies incorporating patient-reported outcomes, cost-effectiveness analyses, and time-to-event assessments of prosthetic maintenance.

PMID:41765771 | DOI:10.1111/jopr.70115

JMIR Res Protoc. 2026 Feb 25. doi: 10.2196/84637. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Background Research indicates that university students experience higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (SAD) than the general population. In Uganda, existing psychological interventions for addressing SAD among students are primarily delivered face to face, which limits effective diagnosis and treatment due to stigma, a shortage of counsellors, and long waiting times, which contribute to significant unmet mental health needs. Consequently, there is an urgent need for innovative approaches to improve access to mental health services.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of a supportive text-message program (Wellness4Students) in reducing the prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression among University students in Uganda.

METHODS: This is a quantitative longitudinal research design. We will target 4,494 undergraduate students aged 18-24 years who will be recruited from Makerere University, Uganda. Through advertisements on social media platforms (WhatsApp and X (Twitter)) and websites, students will receive a link to the Wellness4students website with information about the intervention. Eligible students will voluntarily self-subscribe in the wellness4students program by providing their email address. Subscription will be an indicator of consent required for participation in receiving the intervention. Subscribers will receive daily supportive messages for 6 months. Data will be collected from subscribers at baseline (program initiation), 1 month, 3 months (midpoint), and at 6 months (program completion) through web-based surveys. Students will complete questionnaires regarding stress, anxiety, depression, and well-being. We will conduct both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses using STATA version 17.

RESULTS: The results of this study are expected within one year after program initiation. Data will be collected from February 2026 through October 2026. The development of the Wellness4Students application and the survey instrument has been completed. Co-creation of mental health messages with 15 undergraduate students and 2 University psychologists has been completed.

CONCLUSIONS: The wellness4students intervention is feasible. The Wellness4Students program will provide essential insight into the prevalence and correlates of stress, anxiety, and depression among Makerere University students. We will identify students who are most at risk of poor mental health outcomes.

CLINICALTRIAL: Planned to be done later.

PMID:41765755 | DOI:10.2196/84637

Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2026 Mar 1. doi: 10.1111/ceo.70067. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Vitreoretinal lymphoma is a rare cancer, widely recognised to present diagnostic challenges. We aimed to report information that would support the clinician in considering this diagnosis.

METHODS: We interrogated the International Vitreoretinal B-Cell Lymphoma Registry for clinical data from patients newly diagnosed with vitreoretinal lymphoma from January 1, 2020. Demographics, tumour features, optical coherence tomography (OCT) signs, and visual acuities were analysed with descriptive and comparative statistics.

RESULTS: The study cohort included 57 men and 81 women, averaging 65.8 years of age. Men presented at a younger mean age than women, including 40.4% who presented before 60 years (versus 21.0% of women). Diagnosis was by cell-based and molecular tests on ocular samples in 80.4% and from indirect clinical evidence in 19.6%; if known, lymphoma type was diffuse large B-cell in 99.0%. The tumour was bilateral in 65.0% of patients, and involved vitreous in 90.6% and retina in 60.1%. Extraocular tissues were involved concurrently in 26.8%, within the central nervous system in 23.2% and outside in 5.1%. 96.4% of patients had ocular imaging by OCT: abnormalities were present in 80.5%, including subretinal and sub-retinal pigment epithelial nodules. Snellen visual acuity of 227 eyes ranged widely, with a median of 6/12. Visual acuities were ≥ 6/12 in 54.6% of eyes, < 6/19 in 33.0%, and ≤ 6/60 in 22.9%.

CONCLUSIONS: We have comprehensively described features that characterise the presentation of vitreoretinal lymphoma. Future research using the International Vitreoretinal B-Cell Lymphoma Registry will focus on visual acuity and survival outcomes.

PMID:41764659 | DOI:10.1111/ceo.70067

J Assoc Genet Technol. 2026;52(1):11-16.

ABSTRACT

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is cytogenetically characterized by the t(15;17)(q22;q21) translocation generating the PML::RARA fusion gene. Accurate laboratory diagnosis is essential for disease confirmation and prognostic prediction. In our cytogenetics laboratory, conventional GTG-banded karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) are routinely performed for all APL-suspected cases received from the chemotherapy unit of The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, after bone marrow/IPT requisitions. To document the cytogenetic abnormalities detected in APL-suspected cases using karyotyping and FISH, and to analyze their association with overall patient survival outcomes. This retrospective study included 32 APL-suspected cases referred to our laboratory. Each case underwent conventional cytogenetic analysis and FISH for the PML::RARA fusion. Clinical outcomes (Normal/Recovered, Discharged/Stable, Expired) were obtained from hospital records solely for correlation. Statistical analysis using SPSS included cross-tabulation and chi-square testing to assess the association between FISH status and patient outcomes. FISH detected PML::RARA fusion in 78.1% of cases (25/32), while 21.9% (7/32) exhibited negative or variant fusion patterns. All successful karyotyping studies demonstrated t(15;17), with occasional additional abnormalities. FISH-positive patients showed significantly better recovery rates (60%) compared to none among FISH-negative/variant cases. The association between FISH status and outcome was statistically significant (χ² = 11.165, p = 0.004). Cytogenetic evaluation using karyotyping and FISH provides essential diagnostic and prognostic insight in APL-suspected cases. FISH positivity strongly correlates with favorable outcomes, underscoring its value in routine diagnostic workflows.

PMID:41764640

Curr Pharm Des. 2026 Feb 26. doi: 10.2174/0113816128406867251204172244. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Breast cancer (BC) continues to be a significant challenge in oncology, primarily due to the emergence of drug resistance, which severely limits treatment efficacy and adversely affects patient outcomes. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms underlying drug resistance in BC, focusing on the roles of the estrogen receptor (ER) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) signaling pathways. It identifies advanced therapeutic strategies that effectively target and overcome resistance by analyzing these pathways. This review integrates a comprehensive selection of clinical data and cell lines with known resistance profiles, encompassing both clinical and laboratory settings. It employs cutting-edge techniques such as highthroughput sequencing, proteomics, and advanced imaging. Key measurements include receptor expression levels, pathway activation states, and drug response data, analyzed using bioinformatics tools for genetic and proteomic insights and statistical models to determine the clinical significance of the findings. The review identifies specific mutations and alterations in the ER and HER2 pathways that contribute to drug resistance. Notably, it highlights novel biomarkers and resistance mechanisms, including the upregulation of alternative signaling cascades and mutations in downstream effectors. It also emphasizes promising targeted therapeutic strategies, such as combination therapies and next-generation inhibitors, which have demonstrated encouraging results in preclinical models. In conclusion, this review provides critical insights into the intricate mechanisms of drug resistance in BC, underscoring the pivotal roles of the ER and HER2 signaling pathways. It identifies unique resistance mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets, paving the way for the development of advanced strategies to improve treatment outcomes.

PMID:41764625 | DOI:10.2174/0113816128406867251204172244