Tag: nevin manimala

Trop Anim Health Prod. 2024 Apr 11;56(3):119. doi: 10.1007/s11250-024-03972-6.

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to examine the effects of ginger liquid extract (GLE) on the growth, immune response, antioxidative defence mechanism, and general health of Holstein calves. Sixteen calves (4-d old) were included in the experiment and randomly assigned to groups, and they were fed whole milk containing GLE at a rate of 0, 0.50, 0.72, and 1% of the milk amount consumed. Calves consuming 1% GLE were weaned at an earlier age and gained better body weight (BW) compared to the other groups. The group fed with 0.50% GLE consumed less daily starter than the other groups. The administration of GLE resulted in a non-significant decrease in fecal score (FS), the number of days with diarrhea (DDN), and illness (IDN) among the calves. Notably, the 1% GLE exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of E. coli, while its effect on the growth of other pathogenic bacteria was not statistically significant. Despite the non-significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidative status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) values, the 1% GLE demonstrated support for antioxidative defence mechanism and immune response. The results indicated that 1% GLE can be effective in promoting the health of calves by enhancing their immune response and antioxidant capacity. This suggests that incorporating 1% GLE into their overall well-being, potentially leading to improved health outcomes and performance in calf rearing operations.

PMID:38602560 | DOI:10.1007/s11250-024-03972-6

Int J Neurosci. 2024 Apr 11:1-10. doi: 10.1080/00207454.2024.2342980. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the application effects of low-dose bupivacaine and ropivacaine combined with epidural anesthesia.

METHODS: The primary outcome measure was the anesthesia effect, assessed by the excellent anesthesia rate. Secondary outcomes included the occurrence of adverse reactions, blood pressure, and serum prolactin levels at different time points. The anesthesia effect, serum prolactin levels, occurrence of adverse reactions, and MAP at various time points [before anesthesia (T0), 5 minutes after anesthesia (T1), at the start of surgery (T2), at delivery of the fetus (T3), and at closure of the abdomen (T4)] were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: ① Anesthesia effect: The excellent anesthesia rate was 71.88% in the control group and 93.94% in the observation group, with a significantly higher rate in the observation group than in the control group (P = 0.017). ② Serum prolactin levels: The serum prolactin levels in both groups increased significantly after surgery compared to before surgery (P < 0.001); however, there was no statistically significant difference in serum prolactin levels between the two groups before and after surgery (P = 0.651). ③ Occurrence of adverse reactions: The occurrence rate of adverse reactions was 28.13% in the control group and 9.09% in the observation group, with a significantly lower rate in the observation group than in the control group (P = 0.048).

CONCLUSION: In cesarean sections for pregnant women with coexisting mental illness, low-dose ropivacaine demonstrates significantly better anesthesia efficacy, blood pressure stability, and anesthesia safety compared to low-dose bupivacaine. Both low-dose bupivacaine and ropivacaine result in increased prolactin levels postpartum.

PMID:38602557 | DOI:10.1080/00207454.2024.2342980

Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2024 Apr 11. doi: 10.1007/s00068-024-02513-y. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is the most common preventable cause of morbidity. Despite rapid advances in medicine, effective pharmacological treatment against SCI has not yet been confirmed. This study aimed to investigate the possible anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and neuroprotective effects of safinamide after SCI in a rat model.

METHODS: A total of 40 male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 underwent only laminectomy. Group 2 underwent SCI after laminectomy. In group 3, SCI was performed after laminectomy, and immediately afterward, intraperitoneal physiological saline solution was administered. In group 4, SCI was performed after laminectomy, and 90 mg/kg of safinamide was given intraperitoneally immediately afterward. Moderate spinal cord damage was induced at the level of thoracic vertebra nine (T9). Neuromotor function tests were performed and levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) were measured. In both serum and spinal cord tissue, immunohistochemistry and histopathology studies were also conducted.

RESULTS: TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were found to be significantly increased in group 2 and group 3. In group 4, these levels were statistically significantly decreased. Group 4 also exhibited significant improvement in neuromotor function tests compared to the other groups. Histopathologically, it was found that group 4 showed significantly reduced inflammation and apoptosis compared to the other groups.

CONCLUSION: This study revealed that safinamide has neuroprotective effects against SCI due to its anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidant activities.

PMID:38602541 | DOI:10.1007/s00068-024-02513-y

Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2024 Apr 11. doi: 10.1007/s00068-024-02525-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The anterolateral (AL) and anteromedial (AM) surfaces of the humerus are typically used for plate placement during plate osteosynthesis of midshaft humeral fractures via the anterolateral approach. The purpose of this study was to determine if a significant difference exists in the rates of iatrogenic radial nerve palsy (IRNP) following either AL or AM humeral fracture plating. The research question is stated as follows: is anteromedial plating of humeral fractures associated with lower rates of IRNP when compared with anterolateral plating?

METHODS: This multicenter prospective randomized study was undertaken following ethical review and approval with eligible patients who had midshaft humeral fractures or nonunions randomized into 2 groups, viz AL plate osteosynthesis group and AM plate osteosynthesis group. Following diagnostic and preoperative evaluation, patients had open plate osteosynthesis through the anterolateral approach with plate placement according to their study groups. Post-operatively, they were assessed for IRNP while obtained data was analyzed with SPSS version 23 and inter-group differences with P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: Eighty-five eligible patients participated in the study with 43 patients in Group A (AL plate osteosynthesis group) and 42 patients in Group B (AM plate osteosynthesis group). The observed inter-group differences with regard to gender distribution, mean age and clinical diagnosis; acute fracture (AF) versus nonunion were not statistically significant. Furthermore, four (9.3%) patients amongst the 43 patients in Group A (AL plate osteosynthesis group) developed IRNP while two (4.8%) patients amongst the 42 patients in Group B (AM plate osteosynthesis group) had IRNP. The inter-group difference with regard to rates of IRNP was not statistically significant (P = 0.694).

CONCLUSION: This study found that (in contrast to previous studies) there was no significant difference in the rates of IRNP following either open anterolateral or anteromedial plate osteosynthesis of midshaft humeral fractures through the anterolateral approach. Orthopaedic surgeons should therefore remain cautious when obtaining consent for surgery as well as when performing internal fixation of midshaft humeral fractures to limit medicolegal disputes that may arise from IRNP.

PMID:38602540 | DOI:10.1007/s00068-024-02525-8

Soft Matter. 2024 Apr 11. doi: 10.1039/d3sm01116j. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The compaction of cohesive granular materials is a common operation in powder-based manufacture of many products. However, the influence of particle-scale parameters such as bond strength on the packing structure and the general scaling of the compaction process are still poorly understood. We use particle dynamics simulations to analyze jammed configurations obtained by dynamic compaction of sticky particles under a fixed compressive pressure for a broad range of system parameter values. We show that relative porosity, representing the relative importance of porosity with respect to its minimum and maximum values, is a unique function of a modified cohesion number that combines adhesion force, confining pressure, and particle size, as well as contact stiffness, which is often assumed to be ineffective but is shown here to play an essential role in compaction. An asymmetric sigmoidal form based on two power laws provides an excellent fit to the data. The statistical properties of the bond network reveal self-balanced force structures and an exponential fall-off of the number of both tensile and compressive forces. Remarkably, the properties of the bond network depend on the cohesion number rather than the modified cohesion number, implying that similar bond network characteristics are compatible with a broad range of porosities mainly due to the effect of contact stiffness. We also discuss the origins of data points escaping the general scaling of porosity and show that they reflect either finite system size or rigid confining walls.

PMID:38602178 | DOI:10.1039/d3sm01116j

J Burn Care Res. 2024 Apr 11:irae057. doi: 10.1093/jbcr/irae057. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Severe burn injuries pose diagnostic challenges, contributing to increased fatality rates with delayed diagnoses. This study aims to identify early risk factors and understand their impact on clinical outcomes by examining hematological dynamics in severe burn cases. The focus includes age-related patterns, Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) affected by burns, hospital stay duration, and changes in hematological markers during burn injuries. An analytical cross-sectional study at the Burn Care Centre involved 135 participants hospitalized between January 2018 and December 2021. Demographic data and hematological markers were recorded, with statistical analysis using IBM SPSS 25.0. Non-survivors exhibited a greater mean TBSA, shorter hospital stay, and an enhanced early immune response indicated by WBC count on the first day. Hematological markers, including HGB, RCC, and PLT, showed dynamic patterns over the study period. Marginal variations in platelet counts and intriguing patterns in RCC suggested potential consequences like disseminated intravascular coagulation. The study provides crucial insights into hematological responses to severe burn injuries. Early identification of risk factors, particularly age-related patterns and immune responses, informs clinicians about predicting outcomes and guiding therapeutic interventions. Despite limitations, this work underscores the need for further multi-center research to comprehensively understand the complex relationships between burn injuries, hematological responses, and clinical outcomes.

PMID:38602154 | DOI:10.1093/jbcr/irae057

BJOG. 2024 Apr 11. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.17823. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of robust evidence to recommend the use of perioperative ureteric catheterisation or stenting in complex gynaecological surgery.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the evidence on the benefits and risks of perioperative ureteric catheterisation or stenting in complex gynaecological surgery.

SEARCH STRATEGY: A literature search was performed in CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Embase and MEDLINE, from 1946 to January 2024, using a combination of keywords and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terminology.

SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies were included.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Meta-analysis of the RCTs and observational studies were performed separately. Cochrane RevMan 6.5.1 was used to undertake meta-analysis. Risk ratios with 95% CIs were calculated for the outcome measures.

MAIN RESULTS: Ten studies were included: three RCTs and seven observational studies, comprising 8661 patients. The three RCTs, comprising a total of 3277 patients, showed no difference in the risk of immediate complications in the form of ureteric injury between the ureteric stent and the control groups (RR 0.9, 95% CI 0.49-1.65). The observational studies included 5384 patients. Four studies that explored the ureteric injury as an outcome did not show any difference between the two groups (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.27-2.16). One case-control study with 862 participants found that the rate of ureteric injury was higher in the non-stented group, although this was observed in only three patients. The risk of urinary tract infection (UTI) was increased in the stent group, although not with statistical significance (RR 1.84, 95% CI 0.47-7.17). There was no significant difference in the risk of ureteric fistulae (RR 1.91, 95% CI 0.62-5.83), although the number of studies was limited.

CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic ureteric catheterisation or stenting for complex gynaecological surgery is not associated with a lower risk of ureteric injury.

PMID:38602151 | DOI:10.1111/1471-0528.17823

Med Hist. 2024 Apr 11:1-22. doi: 10.1017/mdh.2024.2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Doctors have played an important role in the development of health institutions in Latin America. However, they are not the only profession that has had a voice in these matters. There are also other factors influencing the development of ministries of health. This issue has gone unnoticed in the literature. This article suggests that it is possible to identify two distinct trends in the creation of health ministries in Latin America. The first, of an early nature, was seen principally in Central America and the Caribbean in countries dependent on or under the influence of the United States which, from the 1880s, promoted health Pan-Americanism. The second trend, which became apparent from 1924, was characterised by the emergence of ministries in a context of institutional breakdown and the appearance of new actors (military or populist leaders). This second trend was first seen in Chile in 1924. This article analyses the creation of the Ministerio de Higiene, Asistencia y Previsión Social (Ministry of Hygiene, Assistance and Social Security) in Chile in 1924 and its subsequent development through to 1931. The analysis looks at the health measures adopted, the context in which this occurred and the debates triggered by the ministry’s process of institutional development, based on parliamentary discussions, presidential speeches, official statistics, legislation, documents prepared by key actors and the press of the time.

PMID:38602141 | DOI:10.1017/mdh.2024.2

JBI Evid Implement. 2024 Apr 12. doi: 10.1097/XEB.0000000000000422. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: More than one in ten people globally live with a mental health illness. Adolescent mental health is a major contributor to that statistic, as 27% of adolescents have one or more mental, emotional, developmental, or behavioral problems. School-based health care clinics can provide mental health services for this age group.

OBJECTIVES: This project aimed to promote evidence-based practices regarding adolescent mental health screening in schools.

METHODS: This project used the JBI Evidence Implementation Framework to promote evidence-based practices for adolescent mental health screening in schools. The JBI framework is grounded in an audit and feedback process, along with a structured approach to identifying and managing barriers to compliance with best practices. Five audit criteria representing best practice recommendations were developed. A baseline audit was conducted, followed by the implementation of an improvement strategy. The project was finalized with a follow-up audit to determine any changes in compliance with best practice recommendations.

RESULTS: The baseline survey of students revealed a 25% average compliance for audit criteria 1 and 2. The primary barrier to compliance was students’ unawareness of the availability of mental health services. The improvement strategy included an educational presentation for students regarding mental health. The follow-up audit revealed an increase in compliance with best practices.

CONCLUSIONS: The project achieved a 29% increase in compliance with best practices, although only 23% of the students were reached via the improvement strategy.

SPANISH ABSTRACT: http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A189.

PMID:38602126 | DOI:10.1097/XEB.0000000000000422

Hum Fertil (Camb). 2024 Dec;27(1):2338290. doi: 10.1080/14647273.2024.2338290. Epub 2024 Apr 11.

ABSTRACT

This study aims to compare the embryological and clinical parameters of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles using testicular versus ejaculated sperm in male patients with elevated sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF). A total of 73 ICSI cycles were examined in couples where the male partner exhibited high levels of SDF. ICSI was performed using either ejaculated or testicular sperm. The primary outcomes were rates of blastocyst formation, high-quality embryo development, and clinical pregnancy. The DNA fragmentation index (DFI) for testicular sperm (16.81 ± 17.51) was significantly lower than that of ejaculated sperm (56.96 ± 17.56). While the blastocyst formation rate was significantly higher in the testicular sperm group compared to the ejaculated sperm group, no statistically significant differences were noted in fertilization rate (72.15% vs. 77.23%), rate of high-quality embryo formation (47.17% vs. 46.53%), clinical pregnancy (50% vs. 56.52%), Cumulative pregnancy (70.2% vs. 55.6%), or live birth rate (43.75% vs.43.48%). Testicular spermatozoa have no additional advantage over ejaculated spermatozoa except for blastocyst quality in patients with high SDF, the use of testicular spermatozoa for the first ICSI cycle in male infertility patients with high SDF should be undertaken after much consideration at present.

PMID:38602121 | DOI:10.1080/14647273.2024.2338290