Tag: nevin manimala

J Sleep Res. 2024 Apr 5:e14210. doi: 10.1111/jsr.14210. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study evaluates the performance of two major artificial intelligence-based tools (ChatGPT-4 and Google Bard) in debunking sleep-related myths. More in detail, the present research assessed 20 sleep misconceptions using a 5-point Likert scale for falseness and public health significance, comparing responses of artificial intelligence tools with expert opinions. The results indicated that Google Bard correctly identified 19 out of 20 statements as false (95.0% accuracy), not differing from ChatGPT-4 (85.0% accuracy, Fisher’s exact test p = 0.615). Google Bard’s ratings of the falseness of the sleep misconceptions averaged 4.25 ± 0.70, showing a moderately negative skewness (-0.42) and kurtosis (-0.83), and suggesting a distribution with fewer extreme values compared with ChatGPT-4. In assessing public health significance, Google Bard’s mean score was 2.4 ± 0.80, with skewness and kurtosis of 0.36 and -0.07, respectively, indicating a more normal distribution compared with ChatGPT-4. The inter-rater agreement between Google Bard and sleep experts had an intra-class correlation coefficient of 0.58 for falseness and 0.69 for public health significance, showing moderate alignment (p = 0.065 and p = 0.014, respectively). Text-mining analysis revealed Google Bard’s focus on practical advice, while ChatGPT-4 concentrated on theoretical aspects of sleep. The readability analysis suggested Google Bard’s responses were more accessible, aligning with 8th-grade level material, versus ChatGPT-4’s 12th-grade level complexity. The study demonstrates the potential of artificial intelligence in public health education, especially in sleep health, and underscores the importance of accurate, reliable artificial intelligence-generated information, calling for further collaboration between artificial intelligence developers, sleep health professionals and educators to enhance the effectiveness of sleep health promotion.

PMID:38577714 | DOI:10.1111/jsr.14210

Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2024 Mar 15;17(3):63-71. doi: 10.62347/JVIX8887. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Differentiating gastric atypical hyperplasia (AH) from dysplasia, including low-grade dysplasia (LGD) and high-grade dysplasia (HGD), poses significant challenges in small biopsies and specimens with technical artifacts. This study aims to establish objective diagnostic criteria for these conditions through combined morphologic and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses.

METHODS: Between January 2018 and September 2020, a total of 123 gastric mucosa biopsy specimens were collected at Anyang Tumor Hospital. According to the WHO Classification of Digestive System Tumors (5^th edition), specimens were categorized into three groups: AH (n=48), LGD (n=30), and HGD (n=45). Morphologic characteristics were assessed, and IHC staining for MUC5AC, MUC6, MUC2, CD10, P53, and Ki67 was performed, followed by statistical analysis.

RESULTS: Histologically, AH was predominantly marked by a pronounced inflammatory background (60.42%), intestinal metaplasia (64.58%), indistinct boundaries (83.33%), and a distinct maturation gradient (97.72%). AH nuclei were typically circular (97.92%), with a high nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio (64.58%), prominent nucleoli (47.92%), and preserved polarity (89.58%). In contrast, LGD and HGD typically exhibited well-defined boundaries with an absent maturation gradient. LGD nuclei were rod-shaped (96.67%), with a low nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio (96.67%) and preserved polarity (100%), whereas HGD demonstrated a loss of cellular polarity (77.78%). IHC findings revealed a consistent maturation gradient in AH, with polarized MUC5AC and MUC6 expression, significantly reduced in LGD (86.67%), and absent in HGD. P53 expression in HGD showed a predominant ‘mutation-type pattern’ (66.67%), contrasting with ‘wild-type pattern’ expression in AH and LGD (100%, 93.33%). Ki67 expression patterns varied from a ‘pit neck pattern’ in AH (95.83%) to a ‘polarity pattern’ in LGD (76.67%) and a ‘diffuse pattern’ in HGD (57.78%). The expression patterns of MUC5AC, MUC6, CD10, P53, and Ki67 varied significantly across the three groups (P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: The integration of histomorphological features and expression profiles of MUC5AC, MUC6, P53, and Ki67 is instrumental in diagnosing gastric atypical hyperplasia and dysplasia.

PMID:38577693 | PMC:PMC10988094 | DOI:10.62347/JVIX8887

Glob Pediatr Health. 2024 Apr 3;11:2333794X241240574. doi: 10.1177/2333794X241240574. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

Objectives. To evaluate the interaction between childhood asthma and S. 25(OH) cholecalciferol among Bangladeshi children. Methods. This case control study was conducted in child asthma clinic, Bangladesh Shishu Hospital Institute during March-August 2021. Comparison was made between clinically-diagnosed (following GINA guideline) asthmatic children (2-12 years-old) (cases = 87) and age and sex-matched children having no respiratory illness (controls = 90) using SPSS’ (Statistical Package for Social Science, V.23.0 Windows) software. Results. Serum 25(OH) cholecalciferol was found to be significantly lower among the cases than the controls (P < .01). The cases had 3.4 times higher likelihood of having low vitamin D (combined deficient + insufficient) than the controls (P < .01). Conclusions. The results of the study demonstrate an association of Serum 25 (OH) cholecalciferol with asthma which underscores the importance of potential future trial to evaluate the efficacy of Vitamin-D supplementation for understanding the outcomes of asthmatic Bangladeshi children.

PMID:38577660 | PMC:PMC10993668 | DOI:10.1177/2333794X241240574

Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2024 Mar 30;20:765-775. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S447887. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The SARS-CoV-2 infection cases are increasing rapidly in neuro-intensive care units (neuro-ICUs) at the beginning of 2023 in China. We aimed to characterize the prevalence, risk factors, and prognosis of critically ill patients treated in neuro-ICUs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the prospective, multicenter, observational registry study, critically ill patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and traumatic brain injury (TBI) admitted to eight Chinese neuro-ICUs between Feb 16, 2023, to Apr 30, 2023 were enrolled for the study. Mortality and ICU stay day were used as the primary outcomes.

RESULTS: 131 patients were finally included and analyzed (mean age 60.36 years [SD 13.81], 64.12% male, 39.69% SARS-CoV-2 infected). The mortality is higher in the SARS-CoV-2 infection group without statistical signification (7.69% vs 5.06%, p>0.05). The length of stay (LOS) in neuro-ICUs was significantly longer among the SARS-CoV-2 infection patients (7(1-12) vs 4(1-8), p<0.01), with increased viral pneumonia occurrence (58.54% vs 7.32%, p<0.01). SARS-CoV-2 infection, surgery, and low GCS scores were independent risk factors for prolonged LOS, and respiratory/renal failure were independent risk factors for death.

CONCLUSION: Based on the present neuro-ICU cohort, SARS-CoV-2 infection was a significant risk for the prolonged LOS of neuro-critically ill patients.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registered with Chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2300068355) at 16 February 2023, Prospective registration. https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=188252.

PMID:38577632 | PMC:PMC10992672 | DOI:10.2147/NDT.S447887

J Cancer. 2024 Mar 11;15(9):2573-2579. doi: 10.7150/jca.93184. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Pancreatic cancer is the most fatal cancer type in the world. Its high mortality is mostly correlated to the absence of symptoms and the difficulty in early diagnosis, which in the majority of the cases occurs when the disease has already spread metastasis. Nowadays, tests that could predict early diagnosis are not available yet and the number of prognostic tests is limited. Hence, there is an urgent need for biomarkers capable of detecting early development or the rapid progression of the disease. Patients and Methods: DNA methylation represents the most frequent epigenetic event among tumor suppressor genes that are involved in various carcinogenic pathways. In the recent study we have tried to evaluate, for the first time, the prognostic value of BRCA1 and BRCA2 methylation in the cell-free DNA of pancreatic cancer patients. Using methylation-specific real-time PCR we examined the methylation status of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in 55 patients with operable and 50 patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. In the operable disease setting, BRCA1 was found to be methylated in 33/55 (63.5%) patients examined while BRCA2 was also highly methylated in 31/55 (56.3%). In the metastatic disease, BRCA1 was found to be methylated in 26/50 (52%) while BRCA2 was found methylated in 23/50 (46%). Results: All control samples were negative for BRCA1 orBRCA2 promoter methylation. Patients with operable pancreatic cancer and a methylated BRCA1 and BRCA2 promoter status had a statistically significant poorer outcome as compared with patients with a non-methylated one (p=0.012 and p=0.001, respectively). Conclusion: In this study plasma methylation of BRCA1 and BRCA2 represents a frequent event in both the operable as well as in the metastatic setting. BRCA1 and BRCA2 methylation was significant and correlated with decreased survival in patients with operable pancreatic cancer. A larger cohort of patients is required to further explore the potential of these findings as well as to investigate whether BRCA1/2 methylation in plasma could serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in pancreatic cancer.

PMID:38577595 | PMC:PMC10988318 | DOI:10.7150/jca.93184

Proc Assoc Inf Sci Technol. 2020;57(1):e253. doi: 10.1002/pra2.253. Epub 2020 Oct 22.

ABSTRACT

Studies typically use publication-based authorship data to study the relationships between collaboration networks and knowledge diffusion. However, collaboration in research often starts long before publication with data production efforts. In this project we ask how collaboration in data production networks affects and contributes to knowledge diffusion, as represented by patents, another form of knowledge diffusion. We drew our data from the metadata associated with genetic sequence records stored in the National Institutes of Health’s GenBank database. After constructing networks for each year and aggregating summary statistics, regressions were used to test several hypotheses. Key among our findings is that data production team size is positively related to the number of patents each year. Also, when actors on average have more links, we tend to see more patents. Our study contributes in the area of science of science by highlighting the important role of data production in the diffusion of knowledge as measured by patents.

PMID:38577577 | PMC:PMC10993725 | DOI:10.1002/pra2.253

Osteoarthr Cartil Open. 2024 Mar 18;6(2):100462. doi: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2024.100462. eCollection 2024 Jun.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the construct validity of the SQUASH (Short QUestionnaire to ASsess Health-enhancing physical activity).

DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional analysis using baseline measurements from middle-aged participants in the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity (NEO) study. The SQUASH consists of questions on eleven physical activities investigating days per week, average duration per day and intensity, leading to a summed score in Metabolic Equivalent of Task hours (MET h) per week. To assess convergent validity, a Spearman’s rank correlation between SQUASH and ActiHeart was calculated. To assess extreme group validity, three groups expected to differ in SQUASH total physical activity outcome were compared. For discriminative validity, a Spearman’s rank correlation between SQUASH physical activity and participant height was investigated.

RESULTS: SQUASH data were available for 6550 participants (mean age 56 years, 44% men, mean BMI 26.3, 15% with knee OA, 13% with hand OA). Median physical activity (interquartile range) was 118 (76; 154) MET h/week according to SQUASH and 75 (58; 99) according to ActiHeart. Convergent validity was weak (rho ​= ​0.20). For all three extreme group comparisons, a statistically significant difference was present. Discriminative validity was present (rho ​= ​0.01). Compared with the reference quintile, those with a discrepancy SQUASH ​> ​ActiHeart and SQUASH ​< ​ActiHeart were relatively younger and more often male.

CONCLUSIONS: The construct validity of the SQUASH seems sub-optimal. Physical activity reported by the SQUASH was generally higher than reported by ActiHeart. Whether the differences between SQUASH and ActiHeart are e.g. due to different underlying domains, limitations to our study, or reflect true differences needs further investigation.

PMID:38577551 | PMC:PMC10992721 | DOI:10.1016/j.ocarto.2024.100462

World J Hepatol. 2024 Mar 27;16(3):379-392. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i3.379.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Due to development of an immune-dysregulated phenotype, advanced liver disease in all forms predisposes patients to sepsis acquisition, including by opportunistic pathogens such as fungi. Little data exists on fungal infection within a medical intensive liver unit (MILU), particularly in relation to acute on chronic liver failure.

AIM: To investigate the impact of fungal infections among critically ill patients with advanced liver disease, and compare outcomes to those of patients with bacterial infections.

METHODS: From our prospective registry of MILU patients from 2018-2022, we included 27 patients with culture-positive fungal infections and 183 with bacterial infections. We compared outcomes between patients admitted to the MILU with fungal infections to bacterial counterparts. Data was extracted through chart review.

RESULTS: All fungal infections were due to Candida species, and were most frequently blood isolates. Mortality among patients with fungal infections was significantly worse relative to the bacterial cohort (93% vs 52%, P < 0.001). The majority of the fungal cohort developed grade 2 or 3 acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) (90% vs 64%, P = 0.02). Patients in the fungal cohort had increased use of vasopressors (96% vs 70%, P = 0.04), mechanical ventilation (96% vs 65%, P < 0.001), and dialysis due to acute kidney injury (78% vs 52%, P = 0.014). On MILU admission, the fungal cohort had significantly higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (108 vs 91, P = 0.003), Acute Physiology Score (86 vs 65, P = 0.003), and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium scores (86 vs 65, P = 0.041). There was no significant difference in the rate of central line use preceding culture (52% vs 40%, P = 0.2). Patients with fungal infection had higher rate of transplant hold placement, and lower rates of transplant; however, differences did not achieve statistical significance.

CONCLUSION: Mortality was worse among patients with fungal infections, likely attributable to severe ACLF development. Prospective studies examining empiric antifungals in severe ACLF and associations between fungal infections and transplant outcomes are critical.

PMID:38577538 | PMC:PMC10989308 | DOI:10.4254/wjh.v16.i3.379

World J Hepatol. 2024 Mar 27;16(3):366-378. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i3.366.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a growing public health issue in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). However, the pathophysiology of MAFLD is still unknown, and the role of genetic variables is only now becoming evident.

AIM: To evaluate the associations of gene-polymorphism-related MAFLD in PLWH.

METHODS: The study employed transient elastography with a controlled attenuation parameter ≥ 248 dB/m to identify MAFLD in patients from a Super Tertiary Hospital in central Thailand. Candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using TaqMan^® MGB probe 5′ nuclease assays for seven MAFLD-related genes. Statistical analyses included SNP frequency analysis, Fisher’s Exact and Chi-square tests, odds ratio calculations, and multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS: The G-allele carriers of PNPLA3 (rs738409) exhibited a two-fold rise in MAFLD, increasing by 2.5 times in MAFLD with human immunodeficiency virus infection. The clinical features and genetic patterns imply that LEP rs7799039 A-allele carriers had a nine times (P = 0.001) more significant chance of developing aberrant triglyceride among PLWH.

CONCLUSION: The current study shows an association between PNPLA3 rs738409 and LEP rs7799039 with MAFLD in PLWH.

PMID:38577531 | PMC:PMC10989307 | DOI:10.4254/wjh.v16.i3.366

Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2024;12(3):191-197. doi: 10.22038/ABJS.2023.69347.3264.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The ultrasound examination of the hip joint is performed in the static (Graf) technique in the lateral recumbent position and in the dynamic technique in the supine position. This study compares the two static and dynamic techniques and assesses the role of the patient’s position in the examination of DDH.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020-2021 at Akbar Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran. 126 patients suspected of having DDH (199 hip) infants were enrolled in the study. All ultrasound examinations were performed with two static and dynamic techniques by a pediatric radiologist.

RESULTS: In the static and dynamic ultrasound examinations, the average alpha angle was 51.57 ± 6.41 degrees, and 53.41 ± 6.94 degrees, respectively. These changes were not statistically significant (P = 0.312). The relationship and agreement between instability with dynamic technique and instability with static technique (IIC unstable, D, III, and IV) were investigated. Significant agreement (Kappa=0.77 (95% CI: 0.66-0.87) with excellent clinical significance was obtained between the two ultrasound examination method. Also, in terms of DDH types in the static method with instability types in the dynamic method, a substantial agreement was found between the two examination methods (Kappa =0.67; (95% CI: 0.59-0.75) with good clinical significance.

CONCLUSION: In the ultrasound examination of DDH with static and dynamic techniques, the change in the alpha angle was not statistically significant. Therefore, the hand of the radiologist is open in measuring alpha angles and there is no need to emphasize a specific position. The type of DDH in the static technique completely corresponded to the type of stability or instability in the dynamic technique.

PMID:38577514 | PMC:PMC10989724 | DOI:10.22038/ABJS.2023.69347.3264