Tag: nevin manimala

Public Health Nutr. 2025 Sep 25:1-29. doi: 10.1017/S1368980025101183. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Although guidelines recommend targeted vitamin D testing for high-risk populations, testing has increased globally. Limited studies have examined real-world testing patterns and their relationship with deficiency outcomes. This study investigates trends, demographic determinants, and deficiency outcomes associated with voluntary vitamin D testing among Taiwanese adults.

DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study analyzing electronic medical records to assess vitamin D testing trends, demographic predictors of deficiency, and status changes following consecutive tests within two years. Vitamin D status was classified based on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels as deficient (<20 ng/mL), insufficient (20-29.9 ng/mL), or sufficient (≥30 ng/mL).

SETTING: A tertiary medical center in Taiwan.

PARTICIPANTS: Between 2013 and 2022, 13,381 outpatients underwent voluntary vitamin D testing. After excluding those aged <18 years, with advanced renal disease, osteomalacia, rickets, or hyperparathyroidism, 8,383 were included in the final analysis.

RESULTS: Testing increased sharply after 2019. Although women underwent twice as many tests, men had a higher deficiency prevalence (56.94% vs. 53.01%). Adults aged 18-34 had the highest prevalence (67.81%). Obstetrics and Gynecology specialists ordered the most tests, particularly for female infertility, with 65.73% of patients deficient. Among those with repeat tests, deficiency prevalence decreased from 60% to 43.25%.

CONCLUSIONS: The increase in voluntary vitamin D testing with demographic disparities highlights the importance of understanding testing behaviors and public health implications. Improved vitamin D status at follow-up suggests potential benefits in identifying high-risk individuals and emphasizes the need for further research to evaluate outcomes and guide prevention strategies.

PMID:40995634 | DOI:10.1017/S1368980025101183

Orthod Craniofac Res. 2025 Sep 25. doi: 10.1111/ocr.70039. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of five cleaning methods on oral microorganism levels in patients undergoing clear aligner treatment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This single-centre prospective study consisted of 22 patients with mild-moderate malocclusions and treated by clear aligners (Invisalign system). Patients were instructed to use a toothbrush alone to clean the first set of aligners (Week 1), followed by a toothbrush and toothpaste for the second set (Week 2); a toothbrush and Invisalign Cleaning Crystals for the third set (Week 3); a toothbrush and Corega Proguard & Retainer Daily Cleansing Tablets for the fourth set (Week 4); and a toothbrush and Prokudent Removable Orthodontic Appliance Cleaning Tablets for the fifth set (Week 5). Stimulated saliva and biofilm samples within aligners were collected weekly and cultured to quantify mutans streptococci (MS) and yeast levels.

RESULTS: The amount of mutans streptococci in saliva decreased from 65538 to 31154 CFU/mL over 5 weeks; however, no significant differences were found between any of the weeks. A large effect size was observed between weeks 1 and 3 (0.548). Biofilm-associated MS was recorded highest in the first week (658 CFU/mL) and the lowest in the fifth week (64 CFU/mL), which showed moderate effect size compared to week 1 (0.369) and week 4 (0.353), whereas no significant differences were found between the weeks. Yeast levels remained consistently low, showing no significant differences across the groups.

CONCLUSION: Although a downward trend in mutans streptococci and yeast levels was observed, the decrease was not statistically significant in any of the weeks.

PMID:40995624 | DOI:10.1111/ocr.70039

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025 Sep 9;16:1596000. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1596000. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a complication of microvascular disease that occurs in the late stages of diabetes. Shenkang injection (SKI) has shown promising effects on DKD, but its mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the mechanism by which SKI reduces kidney inflammatory injury and delays DKD progression.

METHODS: Several db/m mice were used as the control group, while db/db mice were randomly divided into the model group, the dagliflozin group, and the SKI group. HK-2 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into the control group, high glucose group, SKI group, and SB203580 group. In this study, the therapeutic effect of SKI on DKD was evaluated by observing the general condition of the mice alongside blood and urine biochemical indices. TEM, HE staining, PAS staining, and Mallory staining were utilized to assess the pathological injury of renal tissue. Immunohistochemistry, WB, and real-time qPCR were employed to detect the expression of the key proteins involved in the mechanisms in mouse renal tissue and HK-2 cells.

RESULTS: The results indicated that the general condition and kidney injury were significantly improved in the SKI group, as evidenced by reduced urinary protein quantification, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, SCr, and urea levels (P<0.01). Routine staining and TEM analyses demonstrated significant improvement in podocyte injury and renal interstitial fibrosis. The CCK-8 results demonstrated high cell survival rates in the SKI group. There were significant decreases in p-p38, p-NFκB, MCP-1, and CCR2 levels (P<0.05, P<0.01), with no statistical differences observed for p38 and NFκB. Real-time qPCR revealed significant reductions in MCP-1 and CCR2 mRNA expression in the SKI group (P<0.01).

CONCLUSION: SKI can reduce kidney inflammatory damage in db/db mice, improve kidney function, and delay the progression of diabetes. The mechanism may involve the reduction of MCP-1/CCR2 activation through the p38 MAPK/NFκB signaling pathway.

PMID:40995594 | PMC:PMC12454092 | DOI:10.3389/fendo.2025.1596000

J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2025 Nov-Dec;15(6):1490-1496. doi: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.08.032. Epub 2025 Sep 9.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Dental caries is a significant public health concern, particularly in children, where occlusal surfaces are at high risk due to complex pit and fissure morphology. Pit and fissure sealants are a well-established preventive measure, with resin-based sealants offering superior retention compared to glass ionomer cement (GIC) sealants. Chitosan, a naturally derived biopolymer, may enhance resin-based sealants by improving their mechanical strength, antibacterial action, and adhesion, leading to better retention and reduced need for reapplication. This study evaluated the 6-month retention and caries-preventive effectiveness of a 2 % chitosan-modified resin-based sealant versus a conventional sealant.

METHODOLOGY: A double-blind, split-mouth randomised clinical trial (CTRI/2023/06/054321) was conducted in a pediatric dental setting. A total of 38 children aged 6-10 years, each with four fully erupted, caries-free permanent first molars, were enrolled, resulting in a total of 152 Molars out of which 32 children (128 teeth) completed the trial. Each participant received both a conventional resin-based sealant (Clinpro™) and a 2 % chitosan-modified Clinpro™ sealant on contralateral molars. Randomisation was performed using a SNOSE (Sequentially Numbered Opaque Sealed Envelope) to determine the allocation of sealants on each side. Teeth were prepared by professional prophylaxis using pumice slurry, followed by etching with 37 % phosphoric acid, rinsing, and drying per manufacturer’s instructions before sealant application. Both sealants were light-cured for 20 s and evaluated for proper placement. Clinical assessments were conducted at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Primary outcomes included sealant retention, evaluated using modified retention criteria (complete, partial, or total loss), and caries incidence, assessed using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System-II (ICDAS-II). Data were analyzed using STATA 18 software, and statistical significance was determined using Chi-square test to compare categorical variables, Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess normality. Friedman test was conducted for within-group comparisons over time, followed by the Durbin-Conover post-hoc test for pairwise comparisons. Between-group comparisons of ICDAS-II scores were conducted using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: At 3 months, complete retention was observed in 95.31 % of molars treated with the chitosan-modified sealant, compared to 81.25 % in the conventional sealant group. By 6 months, retention rates declined slightly to 92.19 % in the study group and 76.56 % in the control group, with the differences remaining statistically significant (p < 0.05). Regarding caries prevention, at 3 months, 100 % of teeth in the study group remained caries-free (ICDAS-II score 0), compared to 89.06 % in the control group. By 6 months, 95.31 % of teeth in the study group remained caries-free, whereas the percentage dropped to 84.38 % in the control group. The chitosan-modified sealant demonstrated significantly superior caries prevention compared to the conventional resin-based sealant.

CONCLUSIONS: The incorporation of 2 % chitosan into resin-based sealants significantly enhanced both retention and caries prevention over a six-month period. The bioadhesive and antimicrobial properties of chitosan likely contributed to these improved outcomes. Given its enhanced longevity and preventive benefits, chitosan-modified resin-based sealants may serve as a more effective alternative for pediatric dental care. Further studies with extended follow-ups and larger sample sizes are recommended to validate these findings.

PMID:40995587 | PMC:PMC12455103 | DOI:10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.08.032

Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2025 Sep 23;13(9):e7107. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000007107. eCollection 2025 Sep.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Deficiency of the free border of the lip and “whistling lip” deformity are encountered in secondary repairs of unilateral and bilateral cleft lip. We have reported the use of the de-epithelialized oral vestibular flap (boot flap) for secondary cleft lip repair. We experienced more cases using this method and analyzed them.

METHODS: Fifty-nine patients with a cleft lip underwent secondary repair using this method. In unilateral cases, total scores were determined by evaluating the height of the notch, the volume of the upper lip tubercle, and the upper lip volume of the cleft side. In bilateral cases, total scores were determined by evaluating the height of the notch and the volume of the median lip tubercle.

RESULTS: Of the 46 patients with a unilateral cleft lip, 3 patients underwent a second boot flap operation due to undercorrection, and 1 patient underwent boot flap revision. Of the 12 patients with a bilateral cleft lip, 1 patient underwent a second boot flap operation due to flap atrophy. The second operation could be performed without any difficulty in either unilateral or bilateral cases. Compared with the preoperative scores, the postoperative scores improved significantly in both unilateral and bilateral cases.

CONCLUSIONS: We experienced a recurrent notch deformity after direct suturing in a patient with a unilateral cleft lip. This was thought to be caused by scar contracture. To prevent a recurrent deformity, it is important to interrupt the plane where scar contracture occurs by incorporating a boot flap and augmenting the volume.

PMID:40995577 | PMC:PMC12456503 | DOI:10.1097/GOX.0000000000007107

J Wrist Surg. 2024 Jul 25;14(5):454-460. doi: 10.1055/s-0044-1788706. eCollection 2025 Oct.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Ulnar-positive variance is widely recognized as a risk factor for idiopathic ulnar impaction syndrome (UIS). However, not all patients with ulnar-positive variance progress to symptomatic UIS. Other factors, such as the shape of the lunate or the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ), may also play a role. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between the shape of the lunate and the structure of the DRUJ and idiopathic UIS.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cohort of 40 cases diagnosed with idiopathic UIS (UIS group) and 87 control subjects with ulnar-positive variance but without symptoms were compared. Lunate shape was assessed by measuring the lunate type and radiolunate angle (RLA), whereas DRUJ morphology was evaluated using the sigmoid notch angle, DRUJ subluxation ratio, and DRUJ inclination. Independent t -tests were conducted to analyze differences in radiographic metrics between the two groups, and logistic regression analyses were used to examine risk factors for idiopathic UIS. Receiver operating characteristic curves were utilized to determine the cutoff values for statistically significant variables.

RESULTS: Significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of RLA, DRUJ subluxation ratio, and DRUJ inclination ( p < 0.05). Logistic multiple regression analysis revealed a negative correlation between idiopathic UIS occurrence and both RLA (odds ratio [OR]: 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87-0.96; p < 0.001) and the DRUJ subluxation ratio (OR: 0.01; 95% CI: 0-0.07; p = 0.002). Conversely, a positive correlation was found between UIS occurrence and DRUJ inclination (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01-1.12; p = 0.021).

CONCLUSION: In patients with ulnar-positive variance, the incidence of symptomatic UIS decreases when the lunate extends more relative to the radius and when the DRUJ subluxation ratio increases or DRUJ inclination decreases.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, case-control study.

PMID:40995544 | PMC:PMC12456978 | DOI:10.1055/s-0044-1788706

J Wrist Surg. 2024 Jul 5;14(5):429-435. doi: 10.1055/s-0044-1787748. eCollection 2025 Oct.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Arthrodesis is a traditional surgical procedure for treating thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) osteoarthritis. Previous studies have investigated surgical outcomes, focusing on the fixation technique, bone union rate, and surgical complications but not on the postoperative alignment of the thumb CMC joints. Therefore, we aimed to investigate how thumb fixation alignment affects the surgical outcomes of thumb CMC arthrodesis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six patients (28 thumbs) who achieved bone union after arthrodesis with more than 1-year follow-up were retrospectively analyzed. We measured the radial abduction and palmar abduction angles and change in thumb length (Δthumb length) on postoperative radiographs and the first metacarpal rotation angle on postoperative computed tomography. Moreover, we investigated the 1-year clinical outcomes, including the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, Hand20 questionnaire score, visual analog scale (VAS) score for pain, Δgrip strength, Δpulp pinch, and Δkey pinch strength. The correlation between the postoperative alignment and clinical outcomes was also statistically analyzed.

RESULTS: The mean radial abduction, palmar abduction, first metacarpal rotation angles, and Δthumb length were 20.8 degrees, 34.4 degrees, 109.4 degrees, and -1.8 mm, respectively. Radial abduction and palmar abduction angles were positively and negatively correlated with Δgrip strength ( r = 0.37 and -0.37), respectively. The first metacarpal rotation angle was positively correlated with the DASH score ( r = 0.51), Hand20 score ( r = 0.48), and VAS score for pain ( r = 0.42). ΔThumb length had no correlation with clinical outcomes at 1-year follow-up.

CONCLUSION: Thumb fixation alignment has an impact on the surgical outcomes of thumb CMC arthrodesis. To obtain a successful outcome, it is important to add slight pronation and avoid excessively small radial abduction and excessively large palmar abduction.

PMID:40995540 | PMC:PMC12456986 | DOI:10.1055/s-0044-1787748

Int J Dent. 2025 Sep 16;2025:2797748. doi: 10.1155/ijod/2797748. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate and compare alveolar bone density and crestal bone loss (CBL) around immediately temporized implants (ITIs) and conventionally placed submerged implants (CIs) in the posterior mandible using radiovisiography (RVG). Methods: In this prospective, randomized, split-mouth clinical study, nine patients with bilateral posterior mandibular edentulism were enrolled. A bone-level implant was placed bilaterally in each patient. One side received an immediate temporized, while the contralateral side received a CI. Standardized RVGs were obtained at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Alveolar bone density and CBL were measured using ImageJ software. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: No statistically significant differences in alveolar bone density or CBL were observed between the ITI and conventional groups at any follow-up interval. Mean alveolar bone densities were higher in the ITI group at all intervals (baseline: 136.22 ± 36.23, 3 months: 137.03 ± 34, 6 months: 136.28 ± 34.59) compared to the conventional group (baseline: 136.56 ± 24.26, 3 months: 126.53 ± 34.93, 6 months: 119.95 ± 43.35). At 3 months, the ITI group exhibited greater CBL (0.22 ± 0.63 mm) than the conventional group (0.15 ± 0.83 mm). However, at 6 months, the ITI implants exhibited less CBL (- 0.07 ± 0.47 mm) compared to the conventional implants (0.19 ± 0.78 mm). Conclusion: Immediate temporization under nonfunctional loading did not negatively affect peri-implant bone compared to conventional submerged healing. These results support its clinical use in appropriately selected cases.

PMID:40995532 | PMC:PMC12457067 | DOI:10.1155/ijod/2797748

Int J Dent. 2025 Sep 16;2025:8406448. doi: 10.1155/ijod/8406448. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

Objective: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microshear bond strength (µSBS) of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) to enamel and dentin, with and without the inclusion of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and mesoporous ZnO NPs. Materials and Methods: 140 extracted human third molars were used, categorized into two primary groups based on the substrate-enamel or dentin-and further divided into seven subgroups (n = 10). The groups consisted of RMGIC alone, and RMGIC enhanced with either 3%, 5%, or 7% of conventional ZnO NPs or mesoporous ZnO NPs. µSBS testing was performed, followed by statistical evaluation. Results: The type of substrate and the incorporation of NPs significantly affected bond strength (p < 0.001), with enamel showing superior µSBS compared to dentin (p < 0.001). The subgroup containing 5% mesoporous ZnO NPs demonstrated the highest bond strength overall (p < 0.001), while no significant variations were detected among the other groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Enhancing RMGIC with 5 wt.% mesoporous ZnO NPs markedly improved adhesion to both enamel and dentin. Increasing the (nanoparticle) NP concentration beyond 5% did not further enhance bonding performance. Enamel exhibited consistently better bonding than dentin in all subgroups. These results highlight the potential of 5% mesoporous ZnO NPs in improving the clinical efficacy of RMGIC.

PMID:40995531 | PMC:PMC12457048 | DOI:10.1155/ijod/8406448

Acta Ortop Bras. 2025 Sep 22;33(5):e290192. doi: 10.1590/1413-785220253305e290192. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the epidemiological profile and waiting time for osteosynthesis in patients admitted due to intertrochanteric fracture in a public hospital in the Federal District of Brazil.

METHODS: This observational, descriptive, and retrospective study involved patients over 18 years old with intertrochanteric fractures between June and December 2023. Demographic, clinical data, and information about waiting time for osteosynthesis were collected. Analyses were performed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression.

RESULTS: The majority of patients (61.4%) were female, with a mean age of 74 years. The average time between fracture and care was 3.4 days, and from fracture to osteosynthesis was 22.7 days. The mortality rate was 6.8%, with higher prevalence in elderly women with comorbidities.

CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates that a prolonged time between fracture and osteosynthesis is associated with worse clinical outcomes, particularly in elderly patients with comorbidities. Optimizing the waiting time for surgery is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality and improve patient recovery. Level of Evidence IV; Observational, Descriptive, and Retrospective Study.

PMID:40995507 | PMC:PMC12456894 | DOI:10.1590/1413-785220253305e290192