Tag: nevin manimala

Orthop J Sports Med. 2023 Sep 26;11(9):23259671231197400. doi: 10.1177/23259671231197400. eCollection 2023 Sep.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The optimal graft choice for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) in the high-level cutting and pivoting athlete remains controversial. Studies have shown similar outcomes when directly comparing bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) autograft versus quadriceps soft tissue (QST) autograft in the general population. However, no studies have directly compared these 2 grafts in athletes participating in cutting and pivoting sports.

HYPOTHESIS: It was hypothesized that, compared with BPTB autograft, the QST autograft would result in similar patient-reported outcomes and rates of retear, return to sport, and complications.

STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on athletes participating in cutting and pivoting sports (soccer, American football, lacrosse, and basketball) who underwent primary ACLR with either BPTB autograft or QST autograft chosen by the athlete between January 2015 and January 2019. The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective knee evaluation and Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale were used to evaluate patient-reported outcomes. Return-to-sport and complication rates were identified. Descriptive statistics were expressed using Mann-Whitney test or Student t test for continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables.

RESULTS: A total of 68 athletes (32 QST, 36 BPTB) were included for analysis. The percentage follow-up was 89% (32/36) for the QST autograft group and 86% (36/42) for the BPTB autograft group. The 2-year IKDC score (QST, 90.5 ± 6.6 vs BPTB, 89.7 ± 7.8) and 2-year Lysholm score (QST, 91.3 ± 7.5 vs BPTB, 90.5 ± 8.6) were similar between groups. The percentage of athletes able to return to sport within the follow-up period was also similar (88% vs 83%; P = .63). There were 2 retears requiring revision in the BPTB group (6%) and no retears in the QST group (P = .18). One contralateral ACL rupture occurred in the QST group (3%) and 4 in the BPTB group (11%) (P = .21).

CONCLUSION: The QST and BPTB autografts demonstrated similar patient-reported outcomes, return-to-sport rates, and complication rates after primary ACLR at 2-year follow-up. Both autografts appear to be reliable and consistent options for ACLR in the cutting and pivoting athlete.

PMID:37781640 | PMC:PMC10536859 | DOI:10.1177/23259671231197400

bioRxiv. 2023 Sep 22:2023.09.18.558136. doi: 10.1101/2023.09.18.558136. Preprint.

ABSTRACT

Highly effective cancer therapies often face limitations due to acquired resistance and toxicity. Adaptive therapy, an ecologically inspired approach, seeks to control therapeutic resistance and minimize toxicity by leveraging competitive interactions between drug-sensitive and drug-resistant subclones, prioritizing patient survival and quality of life over maximum cell kill. In preparation for a clinical trial in breast cancer, we used large populations of MCF7 cells to rapidly generate endocrine-resistance breast cancer cell line. We then mimicked second line therapy in ER+ breast cancers by treating the endocrine-resistant MCF7 cells in a mouse xenograft model to test adaptive therapy with capecitabine, gemcitabine, or the combination of those two drugs. Dose-modulation adaptive therapy with capecitabine alone increased survival time relative to MTD, but not statistically significant (HR: 0.22, 95% CI 0.043-1.1 P = 0.065). However, when we alternated the drugs in both dose modulation (HR = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.024 – 0.55, P = 0.007) and intermittent adaptive therapies significantly increased survival time compared to high dose combination therapy (HR = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.013 – 0.42; P = 0.003). Overall, survival time increased with reduced dose for both single drugs (P < 0.01) and combined drugs (P < 0.001). Adaptive therapy protocols resulted in tumors with lower proportions of proliferating cells (P = 0.0026) and more apoptotic cells (P = 0.045). The results show that Adaptive therapy outperforms high-dose therapy in controlling endocrine-resistant breast cancer, favoring slower-growing tumors, and showing promise in two-drug alternating regimens.

PMID:37781632 | PMC:PMC10541126 | DOI:10.1101/2023.09.18.558136

bioRxiv. 2023 Sep 26:2023.09.19.558290. doi: 10.1101/2023.09.19.558290. Preprint.

ABSTRACT

Numerous methods exist to analyze functional MRI (fMRI) data, but no software currently exists to enhance the commonly-used FSL statistical analysis software with preprocessing methods from the Human Connectome Project. Here we developed the Connectome Operations For FSL ExEcution (COFFEE) pipeline to integrate Human Connectome preprocessing, including Freesurfer brain extraction and registration, for FSL general linear model analysis of volumetric fMRI data. We tested COFFEE on a real fMRI dataset (N=26) wherein participants performed a precision drawing task during fMRI scanning. COFFEE preprocessing, compared to traditional FSL preprocessing, led to lower inter-individual variability across the brain, more precise brain extraction, and greater detected activation in sensorimotor areas contralateral to movement. The COFFEE pipeline provides a turnkey preprocessing alternative for FSL users with substantial advantages for analysis of task fMRI data. COFFEE software is available online for research use and further testing.

PMID:37781580 | PMC:PMC10541115 | DOI:10.1101/2023.09.19.558290

Equine Vet J. 2023 Oct 1. doi: 10.1111/evj.14011. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Prompt diagnosis of passive transfer failure in the neonatal period is important for early treatment.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the diagnostic performance of serum glutaraldehyde coagulation test (GCT) and colostrum BRIX% for failure to transfer passive immunity (FTPI) diagnosis with the results of SNAP foal test and to evaluate the results of serum GCT and colostrum BRIX% measurements in foals with diarrhoea in the 0-1 month period.

STUDY DESIGN: In vitro experiments.

METHODS: Excess serum and colostrum (n: 298) from samples collected from newborn foals and their dams for clinical purposes were used. Foals were classified as FTPI positive (IgG < 8 g/L) or negative (IgG ≥ 8 g/L) using the SNAP foal test. We compared the sensitivity and specificity of serum GCT and colostrum BRIX % for diagnosing FTPI in all foals and in the sub-group of foals which developed diarrhoea within the first month of life was noted. The relationships between the results of the serum GCT and colostrum BRIX% and diarrhoea in foals with and without FTPI were evaluated.

RESULTS: Serum GCT and colostrum BRIX % were statistically significantly different (p < 0.05) between the foals without FTPI and with FTPI classified according to the SNAP test. Using a cut-off value for serum GCT of >10, sensitivity was 100% (95% CI 92.9%-100%) and specificity 100% (98.3%-100%) while with a cut-off value of ≤24, with colostrum BRIX% of ≤24 sensitivity was 92% (80.9%-97.8%), and specificity was 98% (95.3-99.3). In the sub-group of foals without FTPI using a colostrum BRIX% cut-off value of ≤26 the sensitivity for prediction of diarrhoea in the 0-1 month period was only 72.4% (52.8-87.3, p < 0.001) with specificity 54.3% (47.6-61.1) but the test performance was not robust (ROC AUC 0.61).

MAIN LIMITATIONS: The number of repeated measurements in the evaluation of serum GCT, and colostrum BRIX% was low. More clinical problems could be examined.

CONCLUSIONS: The serum GCT, and colostrum BRIX%, both economical and practical to use in the field, gave results comparable with the SNAP foal IgG test. The ability to accurately predict diarrhoea in the first month of life with these tests was limited.

PMID:37778870 | DOI:10.1111/evj.14011

J Environ Sci (China). 2024 Jan;135:728-740. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.08.009. Epub 2022 Aug 14.

ABSTRACT

Animal manures have been demonstrated to enhance antibiotic resistance in agricultural soils. However, little is known about the effects of plant-derived fertilizer on soil antibiotic resistome. Herein, metagenomic sequencing was used to investigate the effects of a plant-derived fertilizer processed from sugarcane and beet on soil antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in a soybean field along crop growth stages. ARG profiles in the soils amended by plant-derived fertilizer were compared with those in the soils amended by chicken manure. The abundance and diversity of total ARGs in the soils amended by plant-derived fertilizer were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated at the sprout stage, to a level comparable to that in the manured soils. Whereas, unlike chicken manure mainly introducing manure-borne ARGs to soil, the plant-derived fertilizer was indicated to mainly enrich multidrug resistance genes in soil by nourishing indigenous bacteria. ARGs with abundances in amended soils significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in unamended soils at the sprout stage of soybean were considered as enriched ARGs. Decrease in the abundance of the enriched ARGs was observed in both the amended soils from the sprout to the harvest. Network analysis further identified Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes as the primary bacterial taxa involved in the temporal variation of the enriched ARGs in the soils amended by plant-derived fertilizer, while in manured soils were Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. As revealed by multivariate statistical analyses, variation of the enriched ARGs in the soils amended by plant-derived fertilizer was majorly attributed to the response of co-occurred bacteria to depleting nutrients, which was different from the failed establishment of manure-borne bacteria in the manured soils. Our study provided field-based evidence that plant-derived fertilizer stimulated the intrinsic antibiotic resistome, and proposed attention to the un-perceived risk since some clinically relevant ARGs originate and evolve from natural resistome.

PMID:37778843 | DOI:10.1016/j.jes.2022.08.009

J Environ Sci (China). 2024 Jan;135:630-639. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.09.024. Epub 2022 Sep 28.

ABSTRACT

In the suburbs of Kitakyushu, Japan, the inorganic aerosol mass concentration (IAM) was about 32.7 µg/m³, with the aerosol pH of 3.3. To study the thermodynamics of aerosol when its individual components’ concentration is reduced, sensitive tests were performed using the ISORROPIA II model, in which the seven control species-TNaCl, TNH₄⁺, TSO₄^2-, TNO₃^–, TMg²⁺, TK⁺, and TCa²⁺-were taken into account. IAM and inorganic aerosol pH after reducing TNaCl, TNO₃^–, TMg²⁺, TK⁺, and TCa²⁺ responded linearly (0% ≤ concentration reduction ratio (CRR) ≤ 100%, with the exception of 100% in TNaCl); the nonlinear variations of these two parameters could be observed by controlling TNH₄⁺ and TSO₄^2-. Unexpected aerosol behavior occurred at 100% reduction of TNaCl, which was caused by the sudden increase of NO₃^–, NH₄⁺, and aerosol liquid water content (ALWC); the increase of IAM was also observed after controlling TSO₄^2- (60% ≤ CRR ≤ 100%) and TCa²⁺ (0% ≤ CRR ≤ 100%), which was mainly related to the variation of ALWC driven by the response of CaSO₄. Multiple regression analysis showed that ALWC was statistically and strongly related to the variations of NO₃^–, Cl^–, SO₄^2-, HSO₄^–, HNO₃, and NH₃ (P < 0.05), with regression coefficients of 1.68, 5.23, 1.83, 2.81, 0.34, and 0.57, respectively. The highest coefficient (5.23) was found for Cl^–, revealing that sea salts significantly influenced particle responses. Overall, this study comprehensively investigated aerosol characteristics and inner responses for the reduction of components, which is of great significance for a better understanding of atmospheric chemistry in Kitakyushu, Japan.

PMID:37778834 | DOI:10.1016/j.jes.2022.09.024

J Environ Sci (China). 2024 Jan;135:433-448. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.01.024. Epub 2023 Feb 6.

ABSTRACT

The treatment and disposal of radioactive waste are presently facing great challenges. Spent ion exchange resins have become a focus of attention due to their high production and serious environmental risks. In this paper, a simplified model of cationic exchange resin is proposed, and the degradation processes of cationic resin monomer initiated by hydroxyl radicals (·OH) are clarified by combining statistical molecular fragmentation (SMF) model and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The prediction of active sites indicates that the S-O bonds and the C-S bond of the sulfonic group are more likely to react during the degradation. The meta-position of the sulfonic group on the benzene ring is the most active site, and the benzene ring without the sulfonic group has a certain reactivity. The C11-C14 and C17-C20 bonds, on the carbon skeleton, are the most easily broken. It is also found that dihydroxy addition and elimination reactions play a major role in the process of desulfonation, carbon skeleton cleavage and benzene ring separation. The decomposition mechanisms found through the combination of physical models and chemical calculations, provide theoretical guidance for the treatment of complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

PMID:37778817 | DOI:10.1016/j.jes.2023.01.024

J Sleep Res. 2023 Oct 1:e14063. doi: 10.1111/jsr.14063. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Few studies have examined racial/ethnic differences in rates and correlates of insomnia among veterans. This study compared rates of insomnia and interest in sleep treatment among veterans of diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds. Consistent with the 3P model, we tested racial discrimination as a predictor of insomnia, with post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and romantic partners as perpetuating and protective moderators of this association, respectively. A total of 325 veterans (N = 236 veterans of colour; 12% Asian, 36% Black, 14% Hispanic/Latine) completed questionnaires online from remote locations. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patterns across racial/ethnic groups. Linear regression was used to test moderators of the association between racial discrimination and insomnia severity. Overall, 68% of participants screened positive for insomnia: 90% of Asian; 79% of Hispanic/Latine; 65% of Black; and 58% of White participants. Of those, 74% reported interest in sleep treatment, and 76% of those with partners reported interest in including their partner in treatment. Racial discrimination and post-traumatic stress disorder were correlated with more severe insomnia, while romantic partners were correlated with less severe insomnia. Only post-traumatic stress disorder moderated the association between racial discrimination and insomnia severity. Rates of insomnia were highest among Asian and Hispanic/Latine participants, yet these groups were among the least likely to express interest in sleep treatment. Racial discrimination may exacerbate insomnia symptoms among veterans, but only among those who do not already have disturbed sleep in the context of post-traumatic stress disorder. Romantic partners may serve as a protective factor in insomnia, but do not seem to mitigate the impact of racial discrimination.

PMID:37778753 | DOI:10.1111/jsr.14063

Toxicon. 2023 Sep 29:107304. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107304. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The most common snake in Israel, responsible for most snakebites is Vipera palaestinae (VP). Envenomation signs and symptoms vary from local manifestations to systemic reactions that may end with death. Antivenom treatment, given to high-risk patients, reduces complications and mortality but carries risks. As of now, there is no standardized protocol for adults bitten by VP based on objective clinical and laboratory findings. We conducted A retrospective analysis of 159 patients admitted to two large tertiary care institutions in the center (Hadassah University Medical Center) and south (Soroka University Medical Center) of Israel with Vipera palaestinae bites during 1990-2017. Epidemiological and clinical data were extracted, and the patients were divided into two groups based on hospitalization time (over or under 48 h). 159 patients were included in this study. The average hospitalization time was 66.1 h, with 49.7% of patients admitted over 48 h. The main factors that statistically correlated with a longer hospitalization time were: Male gender, lower extremity bite, platelets lower than 150 K at presentation, leukocyte count of over 10 K at presentation and elevated D-Dimer levels. This study provides factors which are associated with a severe VP envenomation. These clinical or laboratory findings (along with accompanying clinical symptoms) are associated with a higher risk of a prolonged hospitalization with more complications and may require a more intensive treatment and monitoring.

PMID:37778739 | DOI:10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107304

J Subst Use Addict Treat. 2023 Sep 29:209176. doi: 10.1016/j.josat.2023.209176. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Buprenorphine is highly effective for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD), and, in recent years, the rates of patients maintained on buprenorphine requiring critical care have been steadily increasing. Currently, no unified guidance exists for buprenorphine management during critical illness. Likewise, we do not know if patients maintained on buprenorphine for OUD are prescribed medications for OUD (MOUD) following hospital discharge or if buprenorphine management influences mu opioid agonist dispensing.

METHODS: In our cohort of adults over the age of 18 with OUD, receiving buprenorphine formulations in the 3 months preceding their ICU admission, we sought to investigate the relationship between receipt of MOUD and non-MOUD opioid prescribing up to 12 months following hospital discharge. This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study approved by the MaineHealth institutional review board. The study analyzed differences in prescription rates between discharge and subsequent time points using chi square or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate. We performed analyses using SPSS Statistical Software version 28 (IBM SPSS Inc., Armonk, NY) with significance set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: We identified a statistically significant increase in MOUD prescribing 3 months posthospital discharge in patients who received MOUD at time of discharge (87.9 % vs 40 % p = 0.002.) The study found a significant increase in nonbuprenorphine opioid prescribing in patients who did not receive an MOUD prescription at time of discharge (24.2 % vs 70 % p = 0.007). This trend persisted at the 6-month and 12-month time points; however, it did not reach statistical significance. Additionally, the study identified a significant reduction in the incidence of non-MOUD opioid dispensing in patients prescribed MOUD at each time point measured (p = 0.007, p < 0.001. p < 0.001 and p = 0.008 at discharge, 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS: These findings support continuing buprenorphine dispensing following hospital discharge.

PMID:37778703 | DOI:10.1016/j.josat.2023.209176