Tag: nevin manimala

Tob Induc Dis. 2025 Jul 30;23. doi: 10.18332/tid/207800. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The rapid increase in e-cigarette use, especially among youth, raises significant health concerns. Understanding their impact on high-risk populations, such as those with cardiovascular disease, is crucial for improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare utilization. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of e-cigarette use on hospital length of stay (LOS) in patients with cardiovascular disease.

METHODS: This cross-sectional survey was conducted at the University of Ottawa Heart Institute (November 2019-May 2020) among consecutive cardiology inpatients. Eligible participants were those admitted to the cardiac unit, fluent in French or English, and without cognitive or hearing impairments. The primary outcome is length of hospital stay. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and adjusted linear regression to explore e-cigarette use and hospital stay length, with significance set at p<0.05.

RESULTS: Of 1616 cardiac patients, 1089 (73.0%) completed the survey. E-cigarette ever users were 10.4% (4.9% former, 5.5% current). Mean LOS was 11.03 days, longer for ever-users (13.1 days) than never-users (10.8 days). Ever users had a significantly longer LOS by 2.45 days (p=0.040), and current users by 3.24 days (p=0.039).

CONCLUSIONS: E-cigarette use is associated with longer hospital stays among cardiac patients, even after adjusting for confounders. This underscores the potential harmful effects of vaping on cardiac recovery. Further research is needed to explore these associations and their implications for healthcare utilization.

PMID:40741484 | PMC:PMC12309841 | DOI:10.18332/tid/207800

Neurol Clin Pract. 2025 Oct;15(5):e200517. doi: 10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200517. Epub 2025 Jul 25.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The socioeconomic and demographic factors affecting the prescription of migraine medications are underexplored. Understanding these factors is critical to addressing health. We used our tertiary headache center’s prescription database to assess the demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with the prescription of acute and preventive migraine medications and the factors affecting the rollout of novel migraine medications.

METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis using aggregated deidentified data of patients who had received care through the Stanford Headache Clinic using data adapted from the Stanford deidentified instance of the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model. We included patients in California who had received a diagnosis of chronic migraine and had received at least 1 prescription from our clinic between 2018 and 2022. The types and volumes of prescriptions were assessed, as well as demographic factors (age, sex, race ethnicity, and zip code income quartile).

RESULTS: A total of 4,213 patients met inclusion criteria, of whom 3,349 (79.5%) were women and 863 (20.5%) were men, with a mean age of 44.6 ± 14.7 years. Our group was predominantly White and non-Hispanic/non-Latino (2,381/4213, 56.5%) and came from zip codes whose median income ranged from $77,250 to $236,912 (2046/3298, 62.0%). Age, sex, and race-ethnicity were all found to be statistically significant factors in the selection of both acute and preventive medications for patients. Zip code income quartile played a limited role in prescription variation for both acute and preventive medications. Race-ethnicity was also a statistically significant factor for those who received a prescription for a calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibody and a gepant. Similarly, sex, race-ethnicity, and zip code income quartile were all factors in the rollout of the CGRP monoclonal antibodies and gepants (all p < 0.05), but age was not (p = 0.722 and p = 0.057, respectively). The second and third zip code income quartiles had the lowest prescription rates of the CGRP monoclonal antibodies and gepants during their rollout.

DISCUSSION: Disparities in sex, race-ethnicity, and zip code income quartile were found among those who received medications and which acute and preventive migraine medications were prescribed. This may reflect that some groups may have received less headache-specific care before establishing with our clinic. Future research will seek to better illuminate the underlying reasons for this more clearly to enable solutions and ensure equitable care.

PMID:40741480 | PMC:PMC12307023 | DOI:10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200517

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 30;15(1):27874. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-13767-w.

ABSTRACT

Electrochemotherapy (ECT) presents an effective alternative for local tumor management, particularly valuable when surgery is not feasible. The side effects are generally mild, including local inflammation, edema, and changes in pigmentation or alopecia. However, severe side effects such as necrosis, dehiscence, or fistula formation may occur if the tumor involves the full tissue thickness. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of gabapentin in managing pain in cats with facial squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) staged T₂-T₄ (N₀M₀) treated with ECT. A subjective survey outlining typical quality of life measures was given to owners and compared to the veterinarian’s assessment of reaction to palpation of the tumor affected area. Pain assessment was conducted based on a questionnaire provided to the owner and during clinical examination at several time points: before the first ECT treatment (D0), seven days after (D1), at 14 days after and just prior to the administration of the second session (D2) and finally, 28 days after the first session (14 days after second ECT session) (D3). Cats were randomly divided in two groups: a control group (CG) composed of cats that received only NSAID’s for analgesic protocol in the post-ECT for acute pain management, and gabapentin group (GG) composed of cats that, in addition to NSAID’s, received gabapentin for long-term pain management. Statistical analyses showed that patients treated with gabapentin had better quality of life (QoL) and pain assessment scores than those in the control group at various observation times. In cats with advanced stages of facial SCC, the disease is associated with pain, which may be exacerbated by ECT, requiring close monitoring both immediately after treatment and in the long term. Furthermore, ECT is an effective treatment for cats with facial SCC.

PMID:40739323 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-13767-w

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 30;15(1):27784. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-96266-2.

ABSTRACT

This work aims to determine the chemical composition of E. arborescens leaves for the first time, screening and quantifying various phytochemical compounds. The chemical composition revealed high levels of valuable nutrients, mainly ash (19.32%), which increases its nutritional value and offers health benefits. The phytochemical screening identified numerous secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds, phytosterols, and flavonoids. Quantification of photosynthetic pigments showed that chlorophyll a is dominant in the leaves. In addition, the methanolic extract of the leaves has inhibitory activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The methanolic leaf extract showed an IC₅₀ of 0.04 mg/mL and an EC_0.5 of 0.06 mg/mL for antioxidant activity as assessed by DPPH scavenging assay and iron reducing power respectively. The methanolic extract showed significantly higher reducing power than the aqueous extract. Both methanolic and aqueous leaf extracts exhibited α-amylase inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent manner with statistically significant differences in their IC₅₀ values. Furthermore, the methanolic extract was as effective as acarbose in inhibiting porcine α-amylase with an IC₅₀ of 0.06 mg/mL. It also showed dose-dependent inhibition of pancreatic lipase, with an IC₅₀ of 0.92 mg/mL. Although the IC₅₀ values were not statistically different, both aqueous and methanolic extracts also contained protease inhibitors. Therefore, these results suggest that E. arborescens leaf extracts may be useful for future drug applications, and further research is needed to investigate the mechanisms of enzyme inhibition.

PMID:40739322 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-96266-2

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 30;15(1):27801. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11002-0.

ABSTRACT

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in nursing care is an important professional issue. However, few studies have investigated the knowledge, attitudes, application, and acceptance of artificial intelligence in nursing care. This study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitude, application, and acceptance of artificial intelligence in health care among Iranian nurses. A descriptive design conducted on 400 nurses who worked in university hospitals in Tabriz, Iran in 2024. A stratified random sampling method was used for selecting participants. Data collection tools included a demographic-social questionnaire and questionnaires of knowledge, attitude, application, and acceptance towards artificial intelligence in nursing care. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of the study showed that most nurses (41.1%) had low knowledge, (65.8%) good attitude, (74.6%) a moderate level of acceptance and (55.8%) applied AI at a high level. There was a positive and significant correlation between nurses’ knowledge and their attitude (R = 0.311, P < 0.001), application (R = 0.514, P < 0.001), and acceptance (R = 0.381, P < 0.001) regarding AI. The study’s results showed that nurses have low knowledge about AI, which shows the need to hold training workshops on this subject. The study’s results also showed that nurses have positive opinions of AI in the healthcare industry, which will help them speed up procedures and improve nursing care.

PMID:40739307 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-11002-0

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 30;15(1):27746. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11102-x.

ABSTRACT

Memory systems with biologically constrained synapses have been the topic of intense theoretical study for over thirty years. Perhaps the most fundamental and far-reaching finding from this work is that the storage of new memories implies the partial erasure of already-stored ones. This overwriting leads to a decorrelation of sensory-driven activity patterns over time, even if the input patterns remain similar. Representational drift (RD) should therefore be an expected and inevitable consequence of ongoing memory storage. We tested this hypothesis by fitting a network model to data from long-term chronic calcium imaging experiments in mouse hippocampus. Synaptic turnover in the model inputs, consistent with the ongoing encoding of new activity patterns, accounted for the observed statistics of RD. This mechanism also provides a parsimonious explanation for the diverse effects of experience on drift found in experiment. Our results suggest that RD should be observed wherever neuronal circuits are involved in a process of ongoing learning or memory storage.

PMID:40739304 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-11102-x

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 30;15(1):27846. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-08152-6.

ABSTRACT

Loss of brain tissues and cognitive abilities are natural processes of aging, but longitudinal studies are limited. We explored the longitudinal association between global and regional brain measures with cognitive abilities among individuals with normal cognitive status, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer’s Disease, including those with stable or progressive cognitive status, from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Follow-up was conducted approximately every six months for two to three years to classify participants by their cognitive status (n = 814). Mixed effects models were used to measure the longitudinal association between global and regional brain measures with cognitive abilities assessed by the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment cognition sub-scale after controlling for covariates. While whole brain volume (controlling for head size) affected the rate of cognition changes among those with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s, other volumetric and thickness measures (hippocampus volume, ventricles volume, and entorhinal cortex thickness) had differential effects on cognition, but not on the speed of their changes. Results highlight the potential importance of different brain regions on cognition, but perhaps not on the rate of change and should be further investigated.

PMID:40739300 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-08152-6

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 30;15(1):27870. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-12572-9.

ABSTRACT

Mistreatment can adversely affect students’ academic performance and mental health. This study investigated the prevalence of mistreatment and its association with academic motivation among Thai clinical-year medical students. A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students throughout Thailand using the Composite Questionnaire of Mistreatment and Academic Motivation Scale (AMS). Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, correlations, and regression analyses were conducted. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The sample included 399 students, with a median age of 23 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 22-24), and 61.5% were female. A total of 81% of participants experienced mistreatment. Twenty-nine percent of students thought that mistreatment occurred because the maltreaters did not consider mistreatment as inappropriate or serious. Students who experienced mistreatment exhibited lower AMS (B = – 9.16, 95% CI – 15.37 to – 2.95, p value = 0.004) than those who did not. Moreover, students who experienced academic mistreatment exhibited a higher amotivation score (B = 1.50, 95% CI 0.16 to 2.85, p value = 0.029) than those who did not. The prevalence of mistreatment was unexpectedly high, and it was associated with students’ motivation to study. Educational institutions should prioritize addressing this issue and developing strategies to provide assistance, including enhancing reporting systems.

PMID:40739292 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-12572-9

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 30;15(1):27771. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-13738-1.

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the relationship between protein and energy intake during the early (days 1-2) and late (days 3-7) acute phase and prognosis in septic patients with nutritional risk screening 2002 ≥ 3. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with 28-day mortality. Among 293 shock patients, higher energy intake in days 3-7 was signifcantly associated with lower 28-day mortality (hazard ratio, 0.969; 95% confidence interval, 0.942-0.997; P = 0.033). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed achieving 75% of energy target in days 3-7 correlated with decreased 28-day mortality (P = 0.040). In 309 non-shock patients, no significant relationships between nutritional therapy during acute phase and 28-day mortality were observed. Enhanced energy intake in days 3-7 showed no correlation with improvements in length of intensive care unit/hospital stay, ventilator-free days, non-ICU survival days or hospitalization costs for septic patients. In shock patients, energy intake in days 3-7 demonstrated no relationship with secondary infections; however, among non-shock patients, achieving 50% of energy intake in days 3-7 was linked to lower incidence of fungus infections (P = 0.006) and intra-abdominal infections(P = 0.003). Our findings demonstrate statistical associations between augmenting energy intake during the late acute phase and potential benefits in sepsis.

PMID:40739291 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-13738-1

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 30;15(1):27758. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-13245-3.

ABSTRACT

Intussusception is a significant cause of child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, yet its exact causes remain unclear. Two main theories suggest it may be linked to dietary factors or infections, highlighting the need for research to identify specific risk factors. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the factors associated with intussusception in children under five years of age. A hospital-based unmatched case-control study design was employed, using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and a review of medical records for data collection. Data were analysed using SPSS version 25, and both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were applied. Variables with a p-value < 0.25 in the bivariate analysis were included in the multivariable logistic regression model. Statistical significance was declared at a p-value of less than 0.05. The study included 52 cases and 156 controls. The average age of the cases was 11.5 months (SD ± 8.60), and that of the controls was 18.9 months (SD ± 15.4). Among the participants, males accounted for 65.4% of the cases and 53.8% of the controls, while females comprised 34.6% of the cases and 46.2% of the controls. Variables significantly associated with intussusception included age between 6 and 12 months [AOR = 3.13; 95% CI: 1.04-9.41], history of gastrointestinal infections [AOR = 5.07; 95% CI: 2.14-11.9], mixed feeding with breast milk and formula [AOR = 17.12; 95% CI: 5.42-54], and feeding with breast milk and homemade foods [AOR = 9.28; 95% CI: 2.52-34.2]. This study demonstrates that children aged 6 to 12 months, a history of gastrointestinal infections, previous medication use, and mixed feeding practices (breast milk combined with formula or homemade foods) are associated with an increased risk of intussusception. Educating mothers and caregivers on proper hygiene practices to reduce infections, and promoting awareness of the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding, are essential preventive strategies.

PMID:40739284 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-13245-3