Tag: nevin manimala

Inflammopharmacology. 2025 Jul 29. doi: 10.1007/s10787-025-01876-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted global interest in potential adjunctive therapies. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a mucolytic agent that enhances intracellular glutathione synthesis, has antioxidant properties and may indirectly modulate inflammation through redox regulation. While preclinical and observational data suggest potential mortality benefits, findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been inconsistent.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review and synthesize the evidence from RCTs evaluating the effect of NAC on mortality in patients with COVID-19.

METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Six databases were searched from inception to March 21, 2025. Eligible studies were RCTs comparing NAC to placebo or standard care in adult COVID-19 patients, with mortality as a reported outcome. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. Statistical analyses were performed with a random-effects model to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS: Ten RCTs comprising 1,424 patients were included. NAC regimens varied by dose and route. The pooled OR for mortality was 0.49 (95% CI: 0.25-0.94; I² = 67%), indicating a 51% reduction in the odds of death among patients receiving NAC. Seven studies had low risk of bias; three had some concerns, primarily due to open-label designs.

CONCLUSION: NAC may reduce mortality in COVID-19 patients, particularly when administered at higher doses or via non-oral routes. Further large-scale RCTs are needed to confirm these findings and establish optimal dosing and administration strategies.

PMID:40728675 | DOI:10.1007/s10787-025-01876-x

Clin Oral Investig. 2025 Jul 29;29(8):392. doi: 10.1007/s00784-025-06465-4.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To separately investigate the occurrence of oral candidosis and hyposalivation in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients and identify contributing factors.

METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted with 100 ICU patients in a hospital in northeastern Brazil. Detailed intraoral examinations were performed daily by calibrated dentists, and sociodemographic and general health-related data were extracted from medical records. Pearson’s Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test assessed variable associations. Survival analysis estimated the onset time of oral candidosis and hyposalivation and their associations with risk factors.

RESULTS: Among the 100 patients, 65% developed hyposalivation, and 11% presented oral candidiasis. The median age was 64 years, with a predominance of males. No significant associations were found between oral candidiasis and demographic or clinical variables. Hyposalivation was significantly linked to underlying renal disease, anemia, and the use of medications such as antibiotics, corticosteroids, anticholinergics, and bronchodilators. Co-occurrence of candidosis and hyposalivation were observed in 7 patients. There was no statistically significant association of the development of oral candidosis or hyposalivation with other oral changes. Anticoagulant use was significantly associated with a higher oral candidiasis-free survival rate. Underlying renal disease, antibiotic treatment, and orotracheal intubation were significantly associated with a reduced survival rate free from hyposalivation.

CONCLUSIONS: Hyposalivation was highly prevalent and may be linked to the development of other oral conditions, such as oral candidosis. Understanding factors that contribute to hyposalivation and oral candidosis is essential for improving ICU healthcare and enhancing patient recovery.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Early identification and management of hyposalivation should be prioritized in ICU protocols to enhance patient recovery and oral health care.

PMID:40728670 | DOI:10.1007/s00784-025-06465-4

Eur Spine J. 2025 Jul 29. doi: 10.1007/s00586-025-09190-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To report the surgical outcomes and complications of the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-Schwab grade 6 osteotomy in patients with severe thoracic angular kyphosis (TAK), and to investigate the risk factors of major surgical complications.

METHODS: All patients undergoing SRS-Schwab grade 6 osteotomy for TAK between May 2010 and January 2022 were enrolled. Radiographic changes after surgery were analyzed. Back pain and neurological function were evaluated via Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score. Overall complications were classified for each patient using the ISSG-AO Multi-Domain Spinal Deformity Complication Classification System. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify the independent risk factors of major surgical complications.

RESULTS: Ninety cases of thoracic tuberculosis complicated with severe angular kyphosis undergoing SRS-Schwab grade 6 osteotomy were analyzed. The mean operating time was 399.8 min, and the mean blood loss was 1627.8 ml. The average segmental kyphosis was significantly corrected from 95.3 ± 25.2° preoperatively to 34.8 ± 16.0° postoperatively. The VAS was statistically decreased from 3.4 ± 2.8 to 1.0 ± 0.9. The JOA score was significantly improved from 6.7 ± 2.6 to 9.4 ± 2.0. The incidences of medical and surgical complication were 23.3% and 62.2% respectively. The most common complications were neurological deficit (36.7%), dural tear (21.1%), and pleural effusion (10%), and 13 patients (14.4%) required a revision. Kyphotic apex at upper-middle thoracic spine (OR = 4.59, 95% CI = 1.43-14.79; p = 0.011) and sagittal-deformity angular ratio (DAR) ≥ 25 (OR = 9.28, 95% CI = 1.80-47.92; p = 0.008) were independent risk factors for major surgical complications.

CONCLUSIONS: Though technical difficulty and high complication rate, SRS-Schwab Grade 6 osteotomy offers a one stage solution with enormous potential to correct rigid kyphosis and improve neurological status.

PMID:40728661 | DOI:10.1007/s00586-025-09190-4

Methods Mol Biol. 2025;2947:139-150. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4662-5_7.

ABSTRACT

In the field of bioinformatics, automated function prediction (AFP) for proteins is a significant issue. We propose a computational framework based on a protein language model to provide accurate functional predictions for proteins. By integrating multiple component methods, our approach effectively improves prediction performance. Additionally, we have developed a user-friendly online platform that allows users to obtain prediction results simply by submitting protein sequences, freely available at https://dmiip.sjtu.edu.cn/ng3.0/?returning=true . We provide a detailed guide on how to use the web server and correctly interpret the prediction results. Finally, through a practical example, we demonstrate the superior performance of NetGO 3.0 in predicting protein functions, further showcasing the potential of this framework for protein functional annotation.

PMID:40728611 | DOI:10.1007/978-1-0716-4662-5_7

Methods Mol Biol. 2025;2947:29-48. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4662-5_2.

ABSTRACT

Knowledge of protein functions is crucial to understanding and investigating cellular functions across all organisms. Accurate annotations of protein functions are also useful for the elucidation of mechanisms of various diseases and can be used to guide target-based drug design efforts. Although biological experiments are the most precise way for functional annotation of proteins, they are often time-consuming, laborious, and expensive. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop efficient and accurate computational approaches for protein function prediction. This chapter comprehensively reviews and categorizes prominent computational predictors of protein functions, which are defined by the Gene Ontology (GO) terms, including template detection-based methods, statistical machine learning-based methods, deep learning-based methods, and composition methods. Applications of those protein function prediction methods are also discussed.

PMID:40728606 | DOI:10.1007/978-1-0716-4662-5_2

ACS Omega. 2025 Jul 7;10(28):30576-30586. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.5c02481. eCollection 2025 Jul 22.

ABSTRACT

Tuning the surface chemistry of 3D graphene structures, such as hydrogels and aerogels, is critical for advancing their chemical and physical properties, which are essential for material design. Here, we present an innovative in-flow covalent functionalization approach based on diazonium salt chemistry to introduce new functionalities into the 3D graphene aerogel backbone while preserving its porous architecture. To achieve this, we designed a flow-based reactor tailored for the functionalization of macroscopic aerogel samples, addressing limitations of noncovalent methods including molecular slippage. Notably, the proposed method operates at room temperature, a significant advantage over existing techniques that often require high thermal conditions. Additionally, to overcome challenges associated with solid-state Raman analysis of graphene-based compounds, we proposed a statistical model to enhance the reproducibility of the process and rationalize I _D/I _G ratios post-treatment. This work demonstrates the feasibility of in-flow covalent functionalization of 3D graphene aerogels, opening new perspectives for the development of customizable porous carbon-based materials for various technological applications.

PMID:40727740 | PMC:PMC12290618 | DOI:10.1021/acsomega.5c02481

ACS Omega. 2025 Jul 11;10(28):30587-30598. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.5c02473. eCollection 2025 Jul 22.

ABSTRACT

Groundwater quality in Larkana, Pakistan, was comprehensively assessed using a systematic grid-based approach (n = 112), standardized American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)/American Public Health Association (APHA) methods, and advanced GIS techniques. Key physicochemical parameters were measured, with pH values ranging from 6.8 to 8.0 (mean 7.5), turbidity spanning 0.14 to 13.03 NTU (mean 1.4 NTU), electrical conductivity (EC) from 270 to 3593 μS/cm, and total dissolved solids (TDS) between 136 and 1780 mg/L. Arsenic concentrations varied from nondetectable to 48 ppb, with 96% of samples meeting the WHO guideline of ≤10 ppb (0.01 mg/L). A composite water quality index (WQI) indicated that most sites were “good” or “excellent,” although localized deviations were noted. A novel, low-cost treatment prototypebased on the Kanchan Arsenic Filterdemonstrated arsenic removal efficiencies of 90-96%, along with reductions in turbidity by 95-99% and significant microbial decreases. GIS analyses using Inverse Distance-Weighted interpolation and Getis-Ord Gi* statistics revealed distinct arsenic hotspots, particularly in eastern Larkana, and significant negative correlations between arsenic and both EC and TDS. These integrated findings present an innovative framework for targeted remediation and sustainable water resource management in arsenic-impacted regions.

PMID:40727734 | PMC:PMC12290700 | DOI:10.1021/acsomega.5c02473

Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo). 2025 Jul 25;60(2):1-11. doi: 10.1055/s-0045-1809530. eCollection 2025 Apr.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of preoperative malnutrition in individuals undergoing primary TKA and to assess its association with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and comorbidities, as well as the risk of prolonged postsurgical hospitalization, early prosthetic joint infection (PJI), or readmission.

METHODS: We conducted a cohort study of TKAs performed between 2014 and 2016. Preoperative malnutrition was defined as a total lymphocyte count < 1,500 cells/mm ³ , a serum albumin concentration < 3.5 g/dL, or a transferrin concentration < 200 mg/dL within the six months before surgery.

RESULTS: Out of the 2080 TKAs performed, 1099 had valid lymphometry, albumin, and transferrin data and were included in the analysis. The prevalence of malnutrition was 17.7%. Independent factors associated with a higher prevalence of malnutrition were age (OR = 1.03; 95% CI = (1.01-1.05)), anemia (1.55 (1.05-2.28)), low weight (3.13 (1.50-6.50)), and normal weight (1.85 (1.21-2.82)). Diabetes mellitus was inversely associated with malnutrition (0.60 (0.38-0.96)). Early PJI was diagnosed in 18 (1.6%) participants. There was no statistically significant and independent association between malnutrition and postsurgical complications.

CONCLUSION: Altered lymphocyte count, serum albumin, and transferrin levels is common among individuals undergoing TKA, particularly in older patients, those with anemia, and individuals with normal or low weight. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to better assess the relationship between malnutrition and adverse outcomes following TKA.

PMID:40727702 | PMC:PMC12302332 | DOI:10.1055/s-0045-1809530

Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo). 2025 Jul 25;60(2):1-11. doi: 10.1055/s-0045-1809529. eCollection 2025 Apr.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Describe the prevalence of preoperative malnutrition in individuals undergoing primary TKA and to assess its association with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and comorbidities, as well as the risk of prolonged postsurgical hospitalization, early prosthetic joint infection (PJI), or readmission.

METHODS: We conducted a cohort study of TKAs performed between 2014 and 2016. Preoperative malnutrition was defined as a total lymphocyte count < 1,500 cells/mm ³ , a serum albumin concentration < 3.5 g/dL, or a transferrin concentration < 200 mg/dL within the six months before surgery.

RESULTS: Out of the 2080 TKAs performed, 1099 had valid lymphometry, albumin, and transferrin data and were included in the analysis. The prevalence of malnutrition was 17.7%. Independent factors associated with a higher prevalence of malnutrition were age (OR = 1.03; 95% CI = (1.01-1.05)), anemia (1.55 (1.05-2.28)), low weight (3.13 (1.50-6.50)), and normal weight (1.85 (1.21-2.82)). Diabetes mellitus was inversely associated with malnutrition (0.60 (0.38-0.96)). Early PJI was diagnosed in 18 (1.6%) participants. There was no statistically significant and independent association between malnutrition and postsurgical complications.

CONCLUSION: Altered lymphocyte count, serum albumin, and transferrin levels is common among individuals undergoing TKA, particularly in older patients, those with anemia, and individuals with normal or low weight. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to better assess the relationship between malnutrition and adverse outcomes following TKA.

PMID:40727701 | PMC:PMC12302328 | DOI:10.1055/s-0045-1809529

SAGE Open Nurs. 2025 Jul 22;11:23779608251362354. doi: 10.1177/23779608251362354. eCollection 2025 Jan-Dec.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Vital signs monitoring is a common task for nursing and midwifery students during their clinical rotation. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the students’ attitudes toward this skill.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the attitudes of nursing and midwifery students toward vital sign monitoring and identify the key factors that influence them.

METHODS: A descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional research design was employed, utilizing an online self-administered questionnaire. The study participants were selected through a simple random sampling method. The translated V-scale instrument was used to assess the nursing students’ attitudes toward vital sign monitoring. Descriptive statistics were computed, and multivariate linear regression was employed for data analysis.

RESULTS: The total number of participants in this study was 215 students. The study found that the mean score for students’ attitudes regarding vital sign monitoring was 3.17 (SD = 0.37). Notably, the communication subscale received the highest mean score of 4.16 (SD = 0.56). The workload subscale, on the other hand, had the lowest mean score, 2.37 (SD = 0.76). The backward stepwise regression revealed that academic programs such as midwifery (β = .146, t = 2.17, P < .05) and grade point average (GPA) (β = .172, t = 2.55, P < .05) are statistically significant predictors for student’s attitudes toward vital signs monitoring. The adjusted R ² of .038 suggested that approximately 3.8% of the variance in attitude level toward vital signs monitoring was explained by the academic program of midwifery and GPA (R ² = .047, adj. R ² = .038, F(2, 212) = 5.271, P < .01).

CONCLUSION: The participating students in this research exhibited moderate attitudes toward vital sign monitoring. The most positive attitude was in the communication subscale, while the most negative attitude was in the workload subscale. We identified academic program variables like midwifery and GPA as significant predictors of students’ attitudes toward vital signs monitoring.

PMID:40727687 | PMC:PMC12301608 | DOI:10.1177/23779608251362354