Tag: nevin manimala

Wiad Lek. 2025;78(9):1777-1788. doi: 10.36740/WLek/212513.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Aim: The purpose of the study was to provide a comprehensive medical and social justification for the feasibility and necessity of timely detection of pathology, taking into account existing risk factors, barriers to access to health care services, and the potential for public influence to increase participation in screening.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The following research methods were used in the study: sociological; systematic approach and analysis; monitoring and evaluation of indicators of the model implementation process; expert assessments. The focus is on the aspects of early detection and prevention of visual forms of cervical cancer. Women’s health indicators – incidence, prevalence and mortality from cervical cancer – are studied. Data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine, the Center for Medical Statistics of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, and the Department of Health of the Poltava Region for 2010-2021. Legislative acts and regulatory documents governing the organization of medical, physical, psychological, and social assistance to women with cervical cancer in Ukraine. Results of a sociological survey – 140 questionnaires.

RESULTS: Results: The functional and organizational model of early detection and prevention of visual forms of cervical cancer is proposed, which allows a woman to undergo a preventive examination in two ways: through non-admission to work or voluntarily, when a woman becomes a subject of her own health, and her husband and relatives can support her on the way to the doctor.

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: In the proposed model of early detection and prevention of cervical cancer, a woman is seen as an element of the ecosystem, which makes it possible to involve her family and friends in preventive examinations and provide support.

PMID:41160856 | DOI:10.36740/WLek/212513

Wiad Lek. 2025;78(9):1751-1757. doi: 10.36740/WLek/212506.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To identify factors associated with the risk of developing abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: A retrospective single-center cohort study of 106 patients with SAP, complicated by ACS (n=32) and without the given complication (n=74). The first stage included an intergroup comparison of 28 clinical-laboratory indicators recorded during the early stages of the disease. The second and third stages consisted of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses of the variables selected over the first stage, developing a prediction model, and evaluating its characteristics.

RESULTS: Results: Statistically significant difference between the groups was found for the following 14 indicators: BMI, Glasgow Coma Scale score, visceral obesity index, CRP level, radiological signs of paresis, pleural effusion, fluid collections in the retroperitoneal space, daily fluid balance, pain intensity according to the NPRS scale, the total score on the Marshall and BISAP scales, early persistent SIRS, APP and RFG levels (p<0.05). The given factors were identified as independent risk factors for ACS development: daily fluid balance, pain intensity (NPRS), retroperitoneal fluid collections, early persistent SIRS, and elevated WHR. The developed logistic model demonstrated high discriminatory ability: AUC = 0.92, sensitivity – 94%, specificity – 81%.

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The developed model can enable patient stratification and targeted correction of potentially modifiable ACS risk factors in the early stages of SAP.

PMID:41160852 | DOI:10.36740/WLek/212506

Wiad Lek. 2025;78(9):1718-1724. doi: 10.36740/WLek/212384.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To study the peculiarities of energy metabolism in full-term newborns with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: It was conducted the comprehensive examination of 30 full-term newborns with signs of neonatal jaundice (main group) and 30 healthy infants (control group). It was determined the level of lactate, pyruvate and lactate/pyruvate ratio in the blood serum; in the bloods lymphocytes – level of Glycerol-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase (GPDH), Succinate Dehydrogenase (SDH), and Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Dehydrogenase (NADH-D), Aerobic Respiration Rate (AR) and Electronic Transport Chain coefficient (ETC). Statistical analysis of the results was conducted using STATISTICA (Version 10) software, MedCalc Software (Version 16.1).

RESULTS: Results: Newborns of main group – in comparison to control group was defined: statistically significant lower lactate and pyruvate levels with statistically higher lactate/pyruvate ratio (53.62 ± 6.49 and 29.02 ± 9.87, р < 0.0001 respectively); statistically significant lower GPDH, SDH and NADH-D activities; statistically significant lower ETC coefficient (14.58 ± 3.56 and 21.13 ± 1.51 a.u., р < 0.0001 respectively) with statistically significant higher AR coefficient (13.22 ± 9.13 and 8.42 ± 3.29 a.u., р = 0.0102 respectively).

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Full-term newborns with signs of pathological hyperbilirubinemia have significant disruptions in the relationship between aerobic and anaerobic energy processes in comparison to healthy infants. The higher discriminatory ability level was defined in diagnostic model using ETC coefficient (cut-off level ≤ 19.48, AUC 0.918; 95 % CI 0.841; 0.966, р < 0.0001, sensitivity 92.45 %, specificity 91.67 %).

PMID:41160847 | DOI:10.36740/WLek/212384

Wiad Lek. 2025;78(9):1710-1717. doi: 10.36740/WLek/212379.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To analyse the effectiveness and reliability of ∠K-angle cephalometric index usage in mixed dentition and to assess the correlation between different types of facial skeleton growth patterns.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: 52 high-quality cephalograms were randomly selected from the archives of the Bogomolets National Medical University Dental Medical Centre and divided into three groups according to facial skeleton growth patterns and into subgroups according to Engle’s malocclusion classes. Multifactorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to identify statistical differences between the mean angular values of studied groups; a p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between angles.

RESULTS: Results: According to our study results, statistically significant correlation was found among patients in the first group between ANB and K angles and neutral growth type (p=0.005); significant correlation was found between the K and APDI angles and horizontal growth pattern (p=0.002); statistically significant correlation was found between the APDI parameter and both angles with vertical growth (p=0.001). According to the results of multifactorial ANOVA analysis of the mean values of the studied angles, there were no statistically significant differences in the ∠K, ∠ANB, and APDI parameters between all groups at the level of p ≤ 0.05.

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The K-angle revealed to be the most valid and reliable indicator of sagittal jaw discrepancy assessment among all cephalometric parameters. ∠K index can be a full-fledged alternative to ANB angle during mixed dentition.

PMID:41160846 | DOI:10.36740/WLek/212379

Wiad Lek. 2025;78(9):1701-1709. doi: 10.36740/WLek/212356.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Aim: This research aimed to examine the post-COVID-19 effects on dental health among JICS survey participants, exploring oral health changes during and following the pandemic.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: This study utilized random sampling through the JICS survey, involving 201 participants (aged 17-89). The control group (n=65, 32.7%) consisted of individuals without COVID-19 from 2019-2021, while the study group (n=134, 67.3%) included those who contracted the virus during this period. Symptom manifestation, intensity, and localization were assessed up to 9-12 months post-infection (2021-2022) across groups and genders, employing artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques, including descriptive analytics for pattern identification and predictive analytics for trend forecasting.

RESULTS: Results: Analysis of dental symptoms potentially linked to COVID-19 identified 16 conditions, including hyperesthesia, grinding teeth, gum bleeding, gum pain, and pain in upper/lower teeth. Among 201 participants (aged 18-89, mean 28.6 years), symptoms lasted an average of 9.6 – max 18 months. Of those surveyed, 134 had contracted COVID-19 at various times prior to the survey. Among them, 90 individuals (67,3% of the total number of infected respondents) reported oral pain, a 44.3% increase over the standard hyperesthesia prevalence. This group consisted of 36 men and 54 women. These 7 people (those with intense pain) constituted 7,8% Within this subgroup, 2 men and 5 women complained of intense pain, representing 2,2% and 5,6% of those with oral pain, respectively. Older age groups showed more severe symptoms, like gum pain (mean 86 years), while women reported greater severity than men.

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The study shows dental symptoms potentially linked to COVID-19 vary by severity and age, with older individuals experiencing severe issues like gum pain. The oral health monitoring could identify symptoms and enhance treatments, especially for older adults. Further research is needed to confirm long-term impacts and refine treatments.

PMID:41160845 | DOI:10.36740/WLek/212356

ACS Nano. 2025 Oct 29. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.5c13044. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Designing high-rate anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) remains a critical challenge due to the sluggish ion dynamics and capacity degradation of graphite-based materials under high-rate cycling. Here, we present a surface-lithiated porous graphite (LPG) anode designed through synergistic structural and interfacial modifications. Micron-scale pores introduced on graphite basal planes reduce Li⁺ diffusion distance while maintaining a low specific surface area (≤ 2 m²·g^-1), ensuring an initial Coulombic efficiency exceeding 90%. Surface lithium-containing groups are identified as a key factor in inducing the formation of a Li₃PO₄-enriched solid electrolyte interface (SEI), which effectively mitigates Li⁺-solvent interactions and enhances desolvation kinetics. As a result, LPG anodes exhibit good high-rate capabilities, delivering a delithiated capacity of 327 mAh·g^-1 at 50 C and retaining 88.9% initial capacity after 2000 cycles at 5 C. With kilogram-scale production and soft-pack battery verification, this strategy positions LPG as a scalable, high-rate anode solution for next-generation LIBs, achieving a good balance between rate performance and capacity retention. Surface-lithiated porous graphite achieves a good balance in balancing rate performance and capacity retention for lithium-ion batteries.

PMID:41160844 | DOI:10.1021/acsnano.5c13044

Neurology. 2025 Nov 25;105(10):e214321. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000214321. Epub 2025 Oct 29.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is the most common leukodystrophy with an incidence of 1:15,000 births. Newborn screening has enabled widespread use of serial brain MRI scans for early detection and treatment of cerebral ALD (cALD). Differentiating early cALD lesions from incidental findings remains challenging. We sought to characterize incidental MRI findings during cALD surveillance and describe features that may help distinguish them from early cALD lesions.

METHODS: MRI reports from boys with ALD followed at the Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine from 2012 to 2023 were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were boys with ALD who had at least 1 presymptomatic MRI before the age of 12 and no neurologic symptoms. We analyzed narrative content of available MRI reports, manually verified definite cALD lesions, and classified all other findings as incidental.

RESULTS: Our study included 69 boys with ALD (median age of 6.9 years, interquartile range 4.0-9.5),, with a total of 390 MRI reports reviewed. Participants had either pathogenic ABCD1 variants (45%, n = 31), likely pathogenic variants (9%, n = 6), variants of uncertain significance (39%, n = 27), or a positive family history with confirmatory biochemical testing (7%, n = 5). During surveillance, 11% (n = 8) developed cALD lesions with classical cALD neuroimaging features. Incidental findings were common (74%, n = 51). The most frequent incidental findings included punctate T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensities in the frontal lobe (29%, n = 20), abnormal T2/FLAIR signal in the periatrial or periventricular white matter (19%, n = 13), prominent perivascular spaces (17%, n = 12), T2/FLAIR hyperintensities in non-frontal lobe regions (14%, n = 10), delayed myelination (14%, n = 10), and stable curvilinear T2/FLAIR hyperintensity in the splenium or genu (13%, n = 9), with the latter requiring follow-up imaging to distinguish from cALD. Only 23% (n = 16) had neither cALD nor incidental findings reported across all time points. Incidental findings were neither statistically associated with genotype classification nor predictive of cALD.

DISCUSSION: Incidental findings were commonly reported during cALD surveillance, possibly reflecting radiologists’ intent to differentiate them from cALD. Incidental findings were distinguishable from true cALD lesions based on anatomic location, stability over time, and persistent absence of contrast enhancement. Our findings provide a practical framework for differentiating incidental findings from cALD lesions during surveillance.

PMID:41160796 | DOI:10.1212/WNL.0000000000214321

Neurology. 2025 Nov 25;105(10):e214310. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000214310. Epub 2025 Oct 29.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Prospective cohort studies have demonstrated elevated risks of incident dementia in patients with essential tremor (ET). The explanation for this enhanced risk of dementia in ET is unknown. We aimed to elucidate the underlying neuropathologic features of ET-dementia.

METHODS: In a 10-year, prospective cohort study of cognition in ET, we followed participants with detailed neuropsychological testing (assessing 5 primary domains) and assigned cognitive diagnoses (normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment [MCI], or dementia) by expert consensus; brains were collected at death. Participants resided in 43 US states. The detailed neuropathologic assessment included a Braak neurofibrillary tangle stage, Braak Lewy pathology stage, Thal β-amyloid score, and neuritic plaque score. The overall level of Alzheimer disease neuropathologic changes (ADNCs) was reported using the “ABC” scale. Other tauopathies and comorbid cerebrovascular pathologies were diagnosed. During statistical comparisons, we stratified each of the above neuropathologic features into 2 categories: high vs low. We examined how neuropathologic findings mapped onto cognitive diagnoses.

RESULTS: The 381 participants yielded 86 brains (mean age at death 90.1 years, 55.8% female). Participants with ET-dementia (n = 40) had higher odds of having severe AD-type pathologies than ET-NC (n = 30): advanced Braak AD stage odds ratio (OR) = 22.8, Thal score OR = 8.0, Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer Disease score OR = 5.7, and ADNC score OR = 21.1; cerebral amyloid angiopathy scores were also higher (OR = 4.3) (all p ≤ 0.01). Participants with ET-MCI (n = 16) demonstrated intermediate neuropathology, with greater odds of higher Braak AD stages than those with ET-NC (OR = 8.0, p = 0.009). Other neuropathologies were similar across cognitive groups.

DISCUSSION: Our neuropathologic description of ET-dementia shows that, in this sample of 40 participants with ET-dementia, Alzheimer pathology is the prime driver of marked cognitive impairment in ET. Further studies are needed to refine our understanding of the nature of tau aggregation in ET and the extent to which this is similar to or diverges from that seen in AD. One implication of the current finding, which is a more direct link between ET and AD, is that this opens the door to blood-based biomarker testing in individuals with ET who are experiencing cognitive difficulties.

PMID:41160795 | DOI:10.1212/WNL.0000000000214310

Neurology. 2025 Nov 25;105(10):e214344. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000214344. Epub 2025 Oct 29.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Higher mortality, relative to the general population, is associated with epilepsy and with particular types of traumatic brain injury (TBI). It is thus presumed that posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE), which indicates epilepsy after TBI, would have higher mortality relative to nontraumatic epilepsy (NTE). However, previous studies have not established a difference in mortality between PTE and NTE.

METHODS: We analyzed administrative data in the Veterans Health Administration to identify US military veterans diagnosed with epilepsy from 2005 to 2022 using previously validated criteria. PTE was defined as TBI documented in the 5 years before the epilepsy index date. TBIs were classified as skull/facial fracture, diffuse cerebral, focal cerebral, extracerebral, or concussion, based on International Classification of Diseases codes. Adjusted Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to compare mortality between PTE and NTE.

RESULTS: Among 210,182 veterans with epilepsy, 28,832 had PTE (mean onset age 52.6 years, 7.4% female) and 181,350 had NTE (mean onset age 60.9 years, 8.5% female). Mortality rate in PTE was higher compared with NTE and varied with the underlying TBI, being the highest with underlying diffuse cerebral injury (hazard ratio [HR] 1.17, 95% CI 1.07-1.28, p < 0.001), focal cerebral injury (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.07-1.26, p < 0.001), or skull/facial fracture (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.09-1.28, p < 0.001). However, underlying concussion had a mortality rate lower than all NTE combined (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.86-0.95, p < 0.001). The relative mortality rate also varied with age at PTE onset, being the highest among young-onset PTE with extracerebral injury (HR 2.02, 95% CI 1.47-2.78, p < 0.001).

DISCUSSION: This study demonstrates that PTE leads to higher mortality compared with other forms of epilepsy, being up to 2 times higher in selected subgroups. The mechanism of underlying TBI influenced mortality rate. PTE after diffuse cerebral TBI, focal cerebral TBI, or skull/facial fractures led to higher mortality relative to NTE. Relative to NTE, young-onset PTE had the greatest rate of mortality. These results show that the age of PTE onset and the TBI precipitating PTE influence mortality and are relevant to consider in clinical practice. Future work should explore the reasons underlying higher mortality in PTE and refine TBI classification using additional data sources.

PMID:41160793 | DOI:10.1212/WNL.0000000000214344

JCO Glob Oncol. 2025 Oct;11:e2500311. doi: 10.1200/GO-25-00311. Epub 2025 Oct 29.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent malignancy among women worldwide, with disparities in health care access and educational outreach, especially in low-resource settings. This study evaluates the impact of a structured 3-hour educational program for patients with newly diagnosed BC and their caregivers at the Breast Cancer Comprehensive Center, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University.

METHODS: A quasi-experimental pretest/post-test study was conducted between June and September 2024. Participants included 149 patients and 178 caregivers. The educational program covered BC risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic methods, treatment options, nutritional counseling, and psychological support using audiovisual and interactive techniques in the Colloquial Egyptian dialect. Pre- and postintervention knowledge assessments were conducted using validated questionnaires. Statistical analysis included paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.

RESULTS: The educational program significantly improved knowledge scores across multiple domains (all P < .001). Symptom awareness improved from 5.8 (±1.8) to 7.5 (±0.82), misconception correction from 2.4 (±1.2) to 5.5 (±1.3), nutrition knowledge from 0.6 (±0.8) to 1.8 (±0.4), and self-examination awareness from 0.6 (±0.7) to 1.6 (±0.5). Caregivers’ knowledge scores increased from 6.2 (±2.2) to 9.1 (±1.6). In addition, 82.7% of participants had never performed breast self-examinations before the program, and 78.7% of patients were diagnosed coincidentally.

CONCLUSION: The educational program significantly improved BC knowledge among patients and caregivers. These findings highlight the need for structured education to promote earlier diagnosis and informed treatment decisions in low-resource settings.

PMID:41160783 | DOI:10.1200/GO-25-00311