Tag: nevin manimala

J Family Med Prim Care. 2024 May;13(5):1688-1695. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1333_23. Epub 2024 May 24.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The elderly is defined as the person who is beyond middle age and approaching old age (60 or above), also called senior citizens. The number of older adults globally is expected to increase from 420 million in 2000 to 974 million in 2030. In 2017. The objectives of the study were to assess the existing level of knowledge regarding health promotion strategies and to determine the effectiveness of health education program on knowledge regarding health promotion among the elderly in old age home.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study employed one-group pretest and posttest preexperimental design without a control group. The sample size of 50 was selected using a non-probability convenient sampling technique. Baseline data were collected by a structured questionnaire, and a structured teaching program was given for 2 weeks, and after 15 days, a posttest was conducted with the same tool.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data collected were analyzed by using both descriptive and inferential statistics.

RESULTS: The knowledge score increased significantly from baseline. The mean score of the pretest was 18.38, the mean score of the posttest was 21.78, the mean improvement was 3.40, and the paired value obtained for knowledge was 17.36, which was found significant at 0.05 level (P < 0.05). There was a significant improvement in the knowledge regarding health promotion strategies in the geriatric population.

CONCLUSIONS: The result of the study concluded that health education program was effective in improving the knowledge regarding health promotion strategies in the geriatric population.

PMID:38948606 | PMC:PMC11213379 | DOI:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1333_23

J Family Med Prim Care. 2024 May;13(5):1772-1779. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1169_23. Epub 2024 May 24.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a cluster of disorders of blood vessels and the heart. As a form of physical activity, yoga postures, and pranayama have been shown to be beneficial in various health conditions, i.e. hypertension, prediabetes, and diabetes among high-risk subjects. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of yoga and diet on the Framingham risk score (FRS) among high-risk cardiovascular subjects.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experimental interventional study was conducted at “RUHS College of Medical Sciences” and Associated Group of Hospitals”, Jaipur among high-risk cardiovascular subjects. FRS was used as a measurement for the outcome of interest at baseline and six months of yoga diet intervention in the study and control groups.

RESULTS: Mean age of participants was 48.43 ± 6.4 years. Baseline values (mean ± SD) of FRS 24.59 ± 10.15 after six months of yogic lifestyle 15.1 ± 7.05. After six months of yogic lifestyle FRS scores and estimated 10-year cardiovascular risk were statistically significantly (P < 0.0001) decreased. Pearson correlation analysis results depict that FRS correlation. There was a strong positive correlation between the FRS score and total cholesterol (r = 0.787; P < 0.001) and a negative strong correlation between the FRS score and high-density lipoprotein was observed (r =-0.621; P < 0.002).

CONCLUSION: The findings of this study conclude that six months of yoga and diet lifestyle intervention significantly decreased FRS among high-risk CVD subjects compared to the control group.

PMID:38948605 | PMC:PMC11213374 | DOI:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1169_23

Food Res Int. 2024 Aug;190:114575. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114575. Epub 2024 May 28.

ABSTRACT

Plant-based proteins offer sustainable and nutritious alternatives to animal proteins with their techno-functional attributes influencing product quality and designer food development. Due to the inherent complexities of plant proteins, proper extraction and modifications are vital for their effective utilization. This review highlights the emerging sources of plant-based proteins, and the recent statistics of the techniques employed for pretreatment, extraction, and modifications. The pretreatment, extraction and modification approach to modify plant proteins have been classified, addressed, and the recent applications of such methodologies are duly indicated. Furthermore, this study furnishes novel perspectives regarding the potential impacts of emerging technologies on the intricate dynamics of plant proteins. A thorough review of 100 articles (2018-2024) shows the researchers’ keen interest in investigating novel plant proteins and how they can be used; seeds being the main source for protein extraction, followed by legumes. Use of by-products as a protein source is increasing rapidly, which is noteworthy. Protein studies still lack knowledge on protein fraction, antinutrients, and pretreatments. The use of physical methods and their combination with other techniques are increasing for effective and environmentally friendly extraction and modification of plant proteins. Several studies explore the effect of protein changes on their function and nutrition, especially with a goal of replacing ingredients with plant proteins that have improved or enhanced qualities. However, the next step is to investigate the sophisticated modification methods for deeper insights into food safety and toxicity.

PMID:38945599 | DOI:10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114575

Bone Joint J. 2024 Jul 1;106-B(7):646-655. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.106B7.BJJ-2023-1113.R1.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: Proximal humeral fractures are the third most common fracture among the elderly. Complications associated with fixation include screw perforation, varus collapse, and avascular necrosis of the humeral head. To address these challenges, various augmentation techniques to increase medial column support have been developed. There are currently no recent studies that definitively establish the superiority of augmented fixation over non-augmented implants in the surgical treatment of proximal humeral fractures. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the outcomes of patients who underwent locking-plate fixation with cement augmentation or bone-graft augmentation versus those who underwent locking-plate fixation without augmentation for proximal humeral fractures.

METHODS: The search was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Articles involving patients with complex proximal humeral fractures treated using open reduction with locking-plate fixation, with or without augmentation, were considered. A meta-analysis of comparative studies comparing locking-plate fixation with cement augmentation or with bone-graft augmentation versus locking-plate fixation without augmentation was performed.

RESULTS: A total of 19 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, and six comparative studies were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, 120 patients received locking-plate fixation with bone-graft augmentation, 179 patients received locking-plate fixation with cement augmentation, and 336 patients received locking-plate fixation without augmentation. No statistically relevant differences between the augmented and non-augmented cohorts were found in terms of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire score and Constant-Murley Score. The cement-augmented group had a significantly lower rate of complications compared to the non-augmented group.

CONCLUSION: While locking-plate fixation with cement augmentation appears to produce a lower complication rate compared to locking-plate fixation alone, functional outcomes seem comparable between augmented and non-augmented techniques.

PMID:38945543 | DOI:10.1302/0301-620X.106B7.BJJ-2023-1113.R1

J Dermatolog Treat. 2024 Dec;35(1):2367615. doi: 10.1080/09546634.2024.2367615. Epub 2024 Jun 30.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Prurigo nodularis (PN) is a skin disease characterized by intensely itchy skin nodules and is associated with a significant healthcare resource utilization (HCRU). This study aimed to estimate the HCRU of patients in England with PN overall and moderate-to-severe PN (MSPN) in particular.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink and Hospital Episode Statistics in England. Patients with Mild PN (MiPN) were matched to patients with MSPN by age and gender for the primary analysis. Patients were enrolled in the study between 1st April 2007 and 1st March 2019. All-cause HCRU was calculated, including primary and secondary care contacts and costs (cost-year 2022).

Results: Of 23,522 identified patients, 8,933 met the inclusion criteria, with a primary matched cohort of 2,479 PN patients. During follow up, the matched cohort’s primary care visits were 21.27 per patient year (PPY) for MSPN group and 11.35 PPY for MiPN group. Any outpatient visits were 10.72 PPY and 4.87 PPY in MSPN and MiPN groups, respectively. Outpatient dermatology visits were 1.96 PPY and 1.14 PPY in MSPN and MiPN groups, respectively.

Conclusion: PN, especially MSPN, has a high HCRU burden in England, highlighting the need for new and improved disease management treatments.

PMID:38945539 | DOI:10.1080/09546634.2024.2367615

Bone Joint J. 2024 Jul 1;106-B(7):680-687. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.106B7.BJJ-2023-0943.R2.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: Robotic arm-assisted surgery offers accurate and reproducible guidance in component positioning and assessment of soft-tissue tensioning during knee arthroplasty, but the feasibility and early outcomes when using this technology for revision surgery remain unknown. The objective of this study was to compare the outcomes of robotic arm-assisted revision of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) versus primary robotic arm-assisted TKA at short-term follow-up.

METHODS: This prospective study included 16 patients undergoing robotic arm-assisted revision of UKA to TKA versus 35 matched patients receiving robotic arm-assisted primary TKA. In all study patients, the following data were recorded: operating time, polyethylene liner size, change in haemoglobin concentration (g/dl), length of inpatient stay, postoperative complications, and hip-knee-ankle (HKA) alignment. All procedures were performed using the principles of functional alignment. At most recent follow-up, range of motion (ROM), Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), and Oxford Knee Score (OKS) were collected. Mean follow-up time was 21 months (6 to 36).

RESULTS: There were no differences between the two treatment groups with regard to mean change in haemoglobin concentration (p = 0.477), length of stay (LOS, p = 0.172), mean polyethylene thickness (p = 0.065), or postoperative complication rates (p = 0.295). At the most recent follow-up, the primary robotic arm-assisted TKA group had a statistically significantly improved OKS compared with the revision UKA to TKA group (44.6 (SD 2.7) vs 42.3 (SD 2.5); p = 0.004) but there was no difference in the overall ROM (p = 0.056) or FJS between the two treatment groups (86.1 (SD 9.6) vs 84.1 (4.9); p = 0.439).

CONCLUSION: Robotic arm-assisted revision of UKA to TKA was associated with comparable intraoperative blood loss, early postoperative rehabilitation, functional outcomes, and complications to primary robotic TKA at short-term follow-up. Robotic arm-assisted surgery offers a safe and reproducible technique for revising failed UKA to TKA.

PMID:38945538 | DOI:10.1302/0301-620X.106B7.BJJ-2023-0943.R2

Bone Joint J. 2024 Jul 1;106-B(7):720-727. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.106B7.BJJ-2023-0778.R2.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes associated with culture-negative limb osteomyelitis patients.

METHODS: A total of 1,047 limb osteomyelitis patients aged 18 years or older who underwent debridement and intraoperative culture at our clinic centre from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2020 were included. Patient characteristics, infection eradication, and complications were analyzed between culture-negative and culture-positive cohorts.

RESULTS: Of these patients, 264 (25.2%) had negative cultures. Patients with a culture-negative compared with a culture-positive status were more likely to have the following characteristics: younger age (≤ 40 years) (113/264 (42.8%) vs 257/783 (32.8%); p = 0.004), a haematogenous aetiology (75/264 (28.4%) vs 150/783 (19.2%); p = 0.002), Cierny-Mader host A (79/264 (29.9%) vs 142/783 (18.1%); p < 0.001), antibiotic use before sampling (34/264 (12.9%) vs 41/783 (5.2%); p＜0.001), fewer taken samples (n＜3) (48/264 (18.2%) vs 60/783 (7.7%); p＜0.001), and less frequent presentation with a sinus (156/264 (59.1%) vs 665/783 (84.9%); p < 0.001). After initial treatments of first-debridement and antimicrobial, infection eradication was inferior in culture-positive osteomyelitis patients, with a 2.24-fold increase (odds ratio 2.24 (95% confidence interval 1.42 to 3.52)) in the redebridement rate following multivariate analysis. No statistically significant differences were found in long-term recurrence and complications within the two-year follow-up.

CONCLUSION: We identified several factors being associated with the culture-negative result in osteomyelitis patients. In addition, the data also indicate that culture negativity is a positive prognostic factor in early infection eradication. These results constitute the basis of optimizing clinical management and patient consultations.

PMID:38945537 | DOI:10.1302/0301-620X.106B7.BJJ-2023-0778.R2

Bone Joint J. 2024 Jul 1;106-B(7):728-734. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.106B7.BJJ-2023-0756.R2.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: Paediatric fractures are highly prevalent and are most often treated with plaster. The application and removal of plaster is often an anxiety-inducing experience for children. Decreasing the anxiety level may improve the patients’ satisfaction and the quality of healthcare. Virtual reality (VR) has proven to effectively distract children and reduce their anxiety in other clinical settings, and it seems to have a similar effect during plaster treatment. This study aims to further investigate the effect of VR on the anxiety level of children with fractures who undergo plaster removal or replacement in the plaster room.

METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 255 patients were included, aged five to 17 years, who needed plaster treatment for a fracture of the upper or lower limb. Randomization was stratified for age (five to 11 and 12 to 17 years). The intervention group was distracted with VR goggles and headphones during the plaster treatment, whereas the control group received standard care. As the primary outcome, the post-procedural level of anxiety was measured with the Child Fear Scale (CFS). Secondary outcomes included the children’s anxiety reduction (difference between CFS after and CFS before plaster procedure), numerical rating scale (NRS) pain, NRS satisfaction of the children and accompanying parents/guardians, and the children’s heart rates during the procedure. An independent-samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U test (depending on the data distribution) were used to analyze the data.

RESULTS: The post-procedural CFS was significantly lower (p < 0.001) in the intervention group (proportion of children with no anxiety = 78.6%) than in the control group (56.8%). The anxiety reduction, NRS pain and satisfaction scores, and heart rates showed no significant differences between the control group and the intervention group. Subanalyses showed an increased effect of VR on anxiety levels in young patients, females, upper limb fractures, and those who had had previous plaster treatment.

CONCLUSION: VR effectively reduces the anxiety levels of children in the plaster room, especially in young girls. No statistically significant effects were seen regarding pain, heart rate, or satisfaction scores.

PMID:38945536 | DOI:10.1302/0301-620X.106B7.BJJ-2023-0756.R2

J AAPOS. 2024 Jun 28:103962. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.103962. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcomes of a novel modification of the Nishida procedure with medial rectus recession (Nishida-MRc) for myopic strabismus fixus (MSF) and to compare this modified procedure with the half Jensen’s union with medial rectus recession (U-MRc).

METHODS: The medical records of MSF patients who underwent strabismus surgery at a single institution between January 2017 and June 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. The main outcome measures assessed were postoperative improvements in ocular alignment and motility. Surgical success was defined as horizontal and vertical deviations ≤15^Δ.

RESULTS: A total of 45 patients were included, of whom 39 had no previous strabismus surgery. All but 3 had follow-up ≥8 months. Nishida-MRc, with or without a traction suture (Ts), had a success rate (9/16 [56%]) higher, though not statistically significantly so, than U-MRc with or without Ts (11/29 [38%]). The Nishida-MRc group tended to have less frequent use of Ts (25% vs 52%; P = 0.076), and 94% of these patients had a deviation within 20^Δ, compared with 59% for U-MRc (P = 0.012). In cases with esotropia of ≥123^Δ, final residual esotropia in the Nishida-MRc without Ts (12.40^Δ ± 8.30^Δ) and U-MRc-Ts (19.75^Δ ± 18.62^Δ) groups was significantly lower (P = 0.019) than in the U-MRc without Ts group (63.40^Δ ± 40.83^Δ), and the average correction of esotropia was significantly greater (P = 0.014).

CONCLUSIONS: In our study cohort, Nishida-MRc produced a greater effect in the treatment of MSF than U-MRc.

PMID:38945521 | DOI:10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.103962

Environ Res. 2024 Jun 28:119475. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119475. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Avian droppings (combination of fecal matter and urates) provide a non-lethal and non-invasive matrix for measuring pesticide exposures. In the field, droppings may be collected days or weeks after excretion and the persistence of pesticide residues in weathered droppings is not known. Thus, we studied the effects of weathering on pesticide residues in droppings. Domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) hens were used as a representative species for Order Galliformes. We collected droppings from hens before they were exposed to the pesticides (reference or pre-dose dropping samples). Thereafter, the hens were orally administered encapsulated wheat seeds coated with Raxil® PRO Shield (containing the active ingredients imidacloprid, prothioconazole, metalaxyl, and tebuconazole) for consecutive 7 days. During this time, their droppings were collected on days 3, 5, and 8 from the start of the exposure period (post-dose dropping samples). The pre-dose and post-dose droppings were weathered for up to 30 days in autumn and spring in shrubsteppe habitat. Droppings were analyzed using HPLC coupled to triple quad LC/MS for parent compound and metabolite residues. No pesticide or its metabolite residues were detected in the weathered reference droppings. No parent pesticide compounds were detected in weathered post-dose droppings but imidacloprid metabolites, imidacloprid-5-hydroxy and imidacloprid-olefin, and the prothioconazole metabolite, desthio-prothioconazole, were detected in all post-dose weathered samples from both seasons. The active ingredients metalaxyl and tebuconazole and their metabolites were not detected in any of the samples. Our results suggest that, depending on the pesticide, its concentration, and the environmental conditions, residues of some pesticides can be detected in droppings weathered for at least 30 days. Knowledge of pesticide persistence in weathered droppings can help refine the quality and quantity of fecal samples that are collected for monitoring pesticide exposures to birds.

PMID:38945513 | DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2024.119475