Tag: nevin manimala

Eur J Med Res. 2025 Nov 3;30(1):1054. doi: 10.1186/s40001-025-03364-y.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: To describe the outcomes of endovascular treatment (EVT) using ultrasound (US) adjunct guidance for long-segment femoropopliteal chronic total occlusion (LSFP-CTO).

METHODS: The medical record of 66 patients who underwent EVT, either conventional or US-guided, for LSFP-CTO recanalization at our institution between October 2016 and October 2023 was retrospectively reviewed. Baseline characteristics, procedural data, and clinical outcomes were analysed. Patency rates during post-procedural follow-up were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTS: The mean total lesion length was 242.08 ± 37.57 mm and 249.84 ± 46.52 mm in the conventional EVT and US-guided EVT groups, respectively (p > 0.05). Technical success was achieved in 30 patients (93.75%) in the conventional EVT and 32 patients (94.12%) in the US-guided EVT group. Among patients with successful EVT, procedural time and contrast usage were lower in the US-guided EVT group than in the conventional group. No immediate complications of acute renal failure were observed in the US-guided EVT group. During post-procedural follow-up, no significant difference was observed in the incidence of access site complications between the two groups (6.3% vs. 2.9%, p > 0.05). A significant reduction in Rutherford category and an increase in ankle-brachial index were observed after US-guided EVT. Furthermore, the cumulative primary patency rate at 2 years was 79.4% in the US-guided EVT group, with no statistically significant difference between the groups. The overall limb salvage rate was 88.2% at 2 years in the US-guided EVT group.

CONCLUSIONS: US-guided EVT is a feasible, safe, and effective adjunctive method for the treatment of LSFP-CTO, associated with low complication rates. This approach reduces procedural time and contrast usage while providing a real-time adjunctive technique for establishing arterial cannulation during EVT.

PMID:41177883 | DOI:10.1186/s40001-025-03364-y

Eur J Neurosci. 2025 Nov;62(9):e70298. doi: 10.1111/ejn.70298.

ABSTRACT

Theta burst stimulation (TBS) has shown promise in neuromodulation for amblyopic patients. Although pattern electroretinography (PERG) can reveal abnormal retinal responses in amblyopia, its response to TBS is unexplored. This study aims to assess the impact of TBS on PERG responses in amblyopic subjects. Twenty-four adult volunteers participated, including 12 amblyopic patients (mean age 41.75 ± 13.63) and 12 subjects with normal vision (mean age 35.58 ± 12.85). Participants underwent a comprehensive optometric exam, including tests for near and far visual acuity and eye alignment via the cover test. PERG testing was conducted before and after right-hemisphere continuous TBS application. No significant differences were observed in PERG results between amblyopic and fellow eyes, either before or after TBS. No statistically significant interaction between amblyopic vs. normal eyes amplitude and latency was demonstrated after stimulation. However, a statistically significant asymmetry in PERG P50-N95 amplitudes was found when comparing the amblyopic eyes to eyes from the normal control group (p = 0.002). Following stimulation, the initial asymmetry ceased to be present (p = 0.368). Additionally, visual acuity improved in amblyopic eyes following TBS (p = 0.002). TBS appears to enhance visual acuity in amblyopic eyes and influence PERG responses, thus suggesting that PERG may be sensitive to functional changes induced by TBS. These findings support the potential application of PERG in future amblyopia research and clinical interventions.

PMID:41177848 | DOI:10.1111/ejn.70298

Cancer Commun (Lond). 2025 Nov 2. doi: 10.1002/cac2.70073. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41177843 | DOI:10.1002/cac2.70073

Nat Chem. 2025 Nov;17(11):1645-1654. doi: 10.1038/s41557-025-01974-x. Epub 2025 Oct 31.

ABSTRACT

The development of porous crystalline materials with targeted properties remains challenging owing to the vast chemical design space and the high cost of experimental screening. Here we develop an artificial-intelligence-assisted interactive experiment-learning evolution approach to accelerate the discovery of highly fluorescent covalent organic frameworks (COFs). This approach integrates model recommendation, experimental validation and active learning in an iterative refinement cycle, allowing the artificial intelligence model to evolve along the process. Among the 520 possible combinations derived from a library of 20 amine and 26 aldehyde building blocks, we needed to experimentally evaluate only 11 COFs to identify one with a remarkable photoluminescence quantum yield of 41.3%. By embedding electronic configuration and quantum-level insights into the learning process, this approach transcends intuition based on statistical analysis intuition to enable material discovery driven by chemical knowledge, enhancing prediction reliability and interpretability. We also reveal the fluorescence mechanism of these COFs and outline the critical role of HOMO-LUMO alignment and excited-state charge distribution.

PMID:41177840 | DOI:10.1038/s41557-025-01974-x

Environ Monit Assess. 2025 Nov 2;197(12):1288. doi: 10.1007/s10661-025-14752-6.

ABSTRACT

Global human population growth results in increased emissions of chemical pollutants like heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). These two non-essential elements have strong bioavailability and toxicity, causing harmful health effects on humans, and the wider environment. Synanthropic wildlife species like the white-eared opossum may act as sentinels of environmental contamination, since they have a high incidence in urban areas and close contact with humans. The aim of this study was to conduct toxicological and histopathological analyses of white-eared opossums (Didelphis albiventris) that live in the city of Campo Grande, capital of Mato Grosso do Sul state in Brazil. In addition, we surveyed Cd and Pb in soil and water from sites where D. albiventris were captured. A total of 23 animals were captured and, after recording biological parameters, were euthanized and necropsied. Liver and central nervous system (CNS) samples were sent for toxicological analysis of Cd and Pb. Fragments of the liver, brain, kidney, and reproductive system were collected for histopathological evaluation. The presence of Cd and Pb in the liver and CNS was identified, with a high concentration of Pb in the CNS. Additionally, we found higher concentrations of Pb in both soil and water samples than in the animals. In the histopathological analysis, mild to moderate degenerative tissues lesions were found and may be compatible with damage caused by the presence of Cd and Pb. Nevertheless, our statistical analysis indicated that contamination by Cd and Pb did not threaten the health of the sampled animals. This study is the first in Brazil to detect background levels of Cd and Pb in the liver and CNS of D. albiventris, correlating these concentrations with histopathological lesions. The findings further emphasize the importance of understanding the interactions among the environment, humans, wildlife, and domestic animals within the One Health framework.

PMID:41177812 | DOI:10.1007/s10661-025-14752-6

Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2025 Nov;19(11):e70157. doi: 10.1111/irv.70157.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The proportion of healthcare workers (HCWs) who receive and recommend seasonal influenza vaccination to their patients remains low in China. This study aims to understand why HCWs infrequently use and recommend the influenza vaccine and how to improve utilization.

METHODS: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey and a focus group interview were conducted among primary HCWs in Hubei Province in September 2018 and May 2019. We analyzed qualitative data using descriptive methods and a general inductive approach following a quantitative analysis. In addition, we used the Health Belief Model (HBM) framework to summarize predictors of HCW vaccination and recommendation.

RESULTS: Primary HCWs acquired basic knowledge about influenza infection and vaccination and were less likely to receive and recommend influenza vaccination. However, from the focus group, HCWs reported influenza was a mild disease and would not recommend vaccination for patients who looked healthy. HCWs raised concerns about adverse events, cost-effectiveness, and contraindications to influenza vaccination. HCWs reported, “I would be more likely to recommend vaccination if my employer required that I do so.”

CONCLUSIONS: Health education materials for HCWs could be improved by providing scientific evidence on the burden of influenza disease, the benefits of vaccination, and national and international policies on influenza vaccination. In addition, interventions that may improve influenza vaccination coverage include workplace requirements for influenza vaccination of HCWs and requirements for HCWs to recommend influenza vaccination to high-risk groups in addition to providing no-cost and on-site vaccination.

PMID:41177808 | DOI:10.1111/irv.70157

Curr Med Chem. 2025 Oct 29. doi: 10.2174/0109298673406989251010070419. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate cyclophilin (CypA) levels in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) before and after treatment. Metabolic variables, such as weight, blood pressure, and plasma glucose, were assessed in these patients.

METHOD: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted over 24 weeks. We included 38 patients with DM. After confirming the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, SGLT2i (empagliflozin vs dapagliflozin) therapy was prescribed to the patients. Weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat ratio, fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c, %), and CypA levels were measured at 0, 12, and 24 weeks. Patients in the drug subgroup were divided into 2 groups: Empagliflozin (Empa, n=16) and Dapagliflozin (Dapa, n=22).

RESULTS: Weight (p<0.001), body mass index (p<0.001), percentage of body fat (p<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (p=0.006), fasting plasma glucose (p<0.001), HbA1c (p<0.001), serum creatinine (p<0.001), and CypA (p<0.001) levels after the SGLT2i therapy were statistically decreased compared to pre-treatment values in all patients. When comparing drug subgroups, significant decreases in weight (p=0.013) and percentage body fat (p=0.01) were observed in the Empa group compared with the Dapa group at 24 weeks. Changes in FPG (p=0.399), HbA1c (p=0.102), and CypA (p=0.329) between the two groups seemed to be similar.

CONCLUSION: Beyond the improvement of metabolic parameters, SGLT2 treatment reduced CypA levels in patients with DM regardless of drug subgroups. These drugs may further prevent the presence of cardiovascular diseases.

PMID:41177793 | DOI:10.2174/0109298673406989251010070419

J Sci Med Sport. 2025 Oct 22:S1440-2440(25)00479-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2025.10.011. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) in elite adult team ball sport athletes and critically evaluate the methods used to assess prevalence.

DESIGN: Systematic review.

METHODS: Six databases were searched in October 2024 for original articles published in English from 2005 onwards. Eligible studies measured prevalence of REDs, low energy availability (LEA), or the Triad in elite team ball sport athletes aged ≥18 years.

RESULTS: Fourteen studies met the eligibility criteria (n = 2 case; n = 2 longitudinal; n = 10 cross-sectional), including 265 athletes representing 12 team ball sports. The 12 included cross-sectional and longitudinal studies used six different methods to identify REDs/LEA prevalence as 0-80 %. Seven studies used energy availability calculations, identifying clinical LEA (<30 kcal·kg FFM^-1·day^-1) in 26.3-63.6 % of athletes. The LEA in Females Questionnaire identified LEA in 29.6-80.0 % of participants across 4 studies. Two studies evaluated REDs via blood/salivary markers, with low total-testosterone in 0-36.4 % of participants. One study found 50 % with low free-testosterone, 9.1 % with low free-T3, and 13.6 % with elevated LDL cholesterol. The REDs Specific Screening Tool identified 33.3 % of athletes in one study at medium risk of REDs. The Exercise Dependence Scale and Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire were distributed in combination in one study, finding prevalence of REDs in 4.3 % and 25.5 % of participants, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: REDs appears ubiquitous in elite team ball sports, but research remains limited. A criterion approach for evaluating REDs/LEA prevalence is needed for accurate, reliable, and consistent reporting and cross-study comparisons.

PMID:41177746 | DOI:10.1016/j.jsams.2025.10.011

J Prosthet Dent. 2025 Nov 1:S0022-3913(25)00831-5. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.10.034. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Current caries management has emphasized minimally invasive, biologically driven strategies that demand a higher level of precision in caries diagnosis. Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven tools for classifying caries on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans may improve diagnostic accuracy and streamline clinical treatment planning. However, clinically oriented and interpretable AI solutions remain lacking.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an interpretable AI framework, CariesAI-3D, for accurate and robust classification of dentin caries severity on CBCT images.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A high-quality CBCT dataset comprising 2148 CBCT images of single teeth was established, including sound teeth, moderate caries, deep caries, and extremely deep caries. The dataset was divided into a 5-fold cross-validation set (1826) for model training and validation and an independent test set (322) for final evaluation. CariesAI-3D was developed as a multitask learning network incorporating a spatial-attention feature fusion module (SA-FFM) for caries classification. Its performance was evaluated against 6 baseline models (ResNet-18, ResNet-34, ResNet-50, DenseNet-121, DenseNet-169, and MobileNet-V2) using cross-validation. An ablation study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the SA-FFM. Caries classification performance was assessed using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). The mean absolute difference (MAD) between cross-validation and independent test sets was calculated to quantify model generalization. Statistical significance was assessed using a corrected resampled t test (α=.05).

RESULTS: CariesAI-3D significantly outperformed the baseline models on the cross-validation set, achieving an accuracy of 0.886, precision of 0.882, recall of 0.873, and F1-score of 0.876. The ablation study confirmed that CariesAI-3D with SA-FFM demonstrated better accuracy than both the backbone model and the model with the element-wise feature addition. Furthermore, CariesAI-3D exhibited strong generalization on the independent test set, achieving class-wise AUC values between 0.947 and 0.998, with metric-wise MAD ranging from 0.011 to 0.033. Class activation mapping (CAM) demonstrated that the model’s predictions were highly correlated with caries and pulp regions.

CONCLUSIONS: By integrating multitask learning with an SA-FFM, CariesAI-3D achieved the accurate and interpretable classification of dentin caries severity on CBCT images, demonstrating significant advancements over conventional methods.

PMID:41177738 | DOI:10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.10.034

J Prosthet Dent. 2025 Nov 1:S0022-3913(25)00837-6. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.10.030. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Using nonoriginal abutments compatible with dental implants has become increasingly common. However, with subtle differences in structures and materials, the long-term reliability of nonoriginal components is still a concern.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the micromorphology, internal accuracy, reverse torque, and mechanical properties of 3 nonoriginal and 1 original abutment-implant connections.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three brands of nonoriginal abutments (Bioconcept, Bai; Denfec, Gao; and Kerunxi, Ke) and the original abutment (Straumann, ITI) were connected to primitive internal CrossFit connection implants. The elemental composition and surface topography of abutments were analyzed. Cyclic loading was applied to mimic long-term clinical use. The reverse torque value (RTV) was measured in pre-fatigue (RTV1) and post-fatigue (RTV2) specimens. Longitudinally sectioned specimens were used to assess internal accuracy. Post-fatigue fracture strength was tested via uniaxial compression. Statistical analysis was performed using the 1-sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, Welch ANOVA test, Kruskal-Wallis test, 2-way ANOVA test, or Aligned Rank Transform (ART) ANOVA test (α=.05).

RESULTS: Elemental composition and surface topography differed among groups. No significant intergroup difference in RTV1 was found (P>.05). RTV2 decreased in every group compared with the applied torque value but was higher in Gao than in ITI (P=.002) and Ke (P=.017). Screw jamming was observed in Gao and Ke. All groups showed an extremely high tight contact rate in the platform area. Nonoriginal abutments demonstrated comparable with or higher post-fatigue fracture strength than the original component.

CONCLUSIONS: The tested nonoriginal abutments achieved essentially similar performance to that of the original ones in terms of internal accuracy, RTV, and mechanical properties, suggesting clinical suitability. However, differences existed in elemental composition and surface morphology. Screw jamming was also observed in nonoriginal abutments after fatigue. The selection of nonoriginal abutments still requires careful consideration.

PMID:41177736 | DOI:10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.10.030