Tag: nevin manimala

Retina. 2025 Nov 6. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000004725. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To introduce a vitrectomy technique for the submacular hemorrhage (SMH) combined with subretinal tenecteplase (TNK-tPA) injection, intravitreal conbercept administration, perfluoropropane (C3F8) gas tamponade, and to evaluate its efficacy and safety.

METHODS: In this single-center, prospective, interventional study, patients underwent 25-gauge vitrectomy with subretinal TNK-tPA and intravitreal conbercept injection, followed by 0.5-1.0 mL of pure C3F8 gas tamponade. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) were assessed at baseline, and 1, 3, and 6 months post-operatively. Favorable outcome was defined as a BCVA ≤0.5 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (log MAR) at 6 months.

RESULTS: Twenty eyes of 20 patients with treatment-naïve spontaneous SMH (≤30 days) secondary to polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (70%) or retinal arterial macroaneurysms (30%) were included. Mean CRT significantly decreased from 887.1±52.2μm to 276.7±83.8μm (P < 0.001) at 6 months. Notably, 75% of the treated eyes (13 out of 20) achieved a favorable outcome (BCVA ≤0.5 log MAR; Snellen equivalent ≈20/63). Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that the SMH onset-vitrectomy interval (SOVI) was significantly negatively correlated with a favorable outcome (r = -0.452, P = 0.045). After adjusting for potential interaction effect, the SOVI remained a statistically significant predictor of worse log MAR BCVA (odds ratio [OR] = 1.023, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.013-1.034, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: The present technique for treatment-naïve spontaneous SMH, in combination with subretinal TNK-tPA injection, intravitreal conbercept administration, and C3F8 gas tamponade, demonstrated potential for visual improvement in eyes treated within 30 days of SMH onset.

PMID:41218174 | DOI:10.1097/IAE.0000000000004725

Plast Reconstr Surg. 2025 Nov 11. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000012609. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Evaluation of the severity and progression of lymphedema is challenging and there is no universal, simple and accurate established method. We propose the use of ultra-high frequency ultrasound (UHFUS) to measure skin thickness to assess lymphedema.

METHODS: Skin thickness was measured twice at 8 points in the upper limbs of 40 women using UHFUS (20 with unilateral lymphedema secondary to breast cancer and 20 healthy volunteers). Measurements were statistically compared with limb circumferences. A ROC curve analysis and a multivariable linear model were also performed.

RESULTS: Differences were found in the skin thickness between the two limbs of lymphedema patients (p <0.001), but not in healthy volunteers. Mean UHFUS examination time per patient was 8 minutes (16 measurements twice). Mean intra-rater differences was 0.09mm. The most useful point for identifying lymphedema cases was the proximal volar forearm (point 7): a cut-off value of 1.46mm in skin thickness was established for identifying lymphedema (sensitivity 70%, specificity 100%). Differences in skin thickness between the two limbs above 0.28 mm at point 7 identified all included cases of lymphedema (sensitivity 100%, specificity 100%).

CONCLUSIONS: measuring skin thickness using UHFUS is a reproducible, reliable, objective and fast method to assess lymphedema, even in initial stages, and to identify the most affected areas in upper limbs. In addition, it gives more information than limb circumferences, especially at the hand, and it would be potentially useful for the follow-up.

PMID:41218167 | DOI:10.1097/PRS.0000000000012609

Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2025 Nov 11:1-9. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2025.2582049. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Salicylic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and plant hormone widely used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and medical applications. This study analysed its presence in cow’s, goat’s, and sheep’s milk from farms in the Republic of Croatia, as well as in fresh pasteurised and long-life (UHT) milk from supermarkets. A total of 240 samples were analysed during 2023 and 2024. Sample preparation included hydrolysis, acetonitrile extraction, and solid-phase extraction (SPE) clean-up followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis. Salicylic acid was detected above the limit of quantification (LOQ) in 47.9% of the samples and above the decision limit (CCα) in 21.7%. The highest concentration was found in cow’s milk (411.3 µg kg^-1). No statistically significant differences were observed among cow’s, goat’s, and sheep’s milk, or between fresh pasteurised and UHT milk. The estimated daily intake (EDI) values ranged from 0.004 to 0.64 μg kg^-1 bw day^-1, and the hazard index (HI) from 0.0006 to 0.10. The HI remained below 1 for all consumer groups, indicating no potential health risks.

PMID:41218160 | DOI:10.1080/19440049.2025.2582049

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2025 Nov 18;122(46):e2423469122. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2423469122. Epub 2025 Nov 11.

ABSTRACT

Histological images offer a wealth of data. Mining these data holds significant potential for enhancing disease diagnosis and prognosis, though challenges remain, especially in noncancer contexts. In this study, we developed a statistical framework that links raw histological images and their derived features to the genotype, transcriptome, and chronological age of the samples. We first demonstrated an association between image features and genotypes, identifying 906 image quantitative trait loci (imageQTLs) significantly associated with image features. Next, we identified differentially expressed (DE) genes by stratifying samples into image-similar groups based on image features and performing DE comparisons between groups. Additionally, we developed a deep-learning model that accurately predicts gene expression in specific tissues from raw images and their features, highlighting gene sets associated with observed morphological changes. Finally, we constructed another deep-learning model to predict chronological age directly from raw images and their features, revealing relationships between age and tissue morphology, especially aspects derived from nucleus features. Both models are supported by a computational approach that greatly compresses gigapixel whole-slide images and extracts interpretable nucleus features, integrating both large-scale tissue morphology and smaller local structures. We have made all interpretable nucleus features, imageQTLs, DE genes, and deep-learning models available as online resources for further research.

PMID:41218125 | DOI:10.1073/pnas.2423469122

Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2025 Nov 11:jeaf305. doi: 10.1093/ehjci/jeaf305. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the prognostic and incremental value of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) parameters, including volume index (EATVI) and regional fat thickness, assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).

METHODS AND RESULTS: In this retrospective cohort of 457 HCM patients who underwent CMR between 2018 and 2024, EATVI and regional fat thickness at key cardiac grooves were quantified along with conventional clinical and imaging risk factors. Over a median follow-up of 27.5 months (IQR 15.6-47.6), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) occurred in 18.1% of patients. Significantly higher EATVI (72.21±14.21 vs. 56.71±10.36 ml/m², P<.001) and increased regional fat thickness (all P<0.05) were observed in patients with MACE. In multivariable Cox regression, EATVI remained an independent predictor of MACE (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.05, P<.001). Incorporating EATVI into the clinical-CMR model improved discrimination (C-statistic 0.82 to 0.84; P=0.002), enhanced calibration, and provided greater net clinical benefit on decision-curve analysis. When appended to the 2014 ESC HCM Risk-SCD model, EATVI further improved discrimination (C-statistic 0.80 vs 0.71; P<.001) and calibration. Kaplan-Meier analyses using quartiles and the 62.5 ml/m² cutoff showed progressively worse event-free survival with higher EATVI; within the ESC-defined low-risk subgroup, curves also separated significantly (log-rank P<0.05). Time-dependent Receiver Operating Characteristic analyses confirmed stable predictive performance of these parameters.

CONCLUSION: EATVI and regional fat thickness derived from CMR independently predict adverse outcomes in HCM and improve risk stratification. Comprehensive EAT assessment may serve as a promising imaging biomarker for personalized management.

PMID:41218064 | DOI:10.1093/ehjci/jeaf305

PLoS One. 2025 Nov 11;20(11):e0336666. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0336666. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health concern associated with complications that significantly impact patients’ quality of life and place significant burdens on healthcare systems. While the prevalence of T2DM is rising in Ethiopia, the scope and factors contributing to its complications remain understudied. Hence, this study aimed to assess the burden and identify associated factors of chronic complications among Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Southern Ethiopia.

METHODS: A facility-based cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted from July 1 to August 30, 2024, involving 404 systematically sampled T2DM patients. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, clinical profiles, self-care practices, and chronic complications were collected through structured interviews and medical record reviews. Descriptive statistics summarized patient characteristics, while multivariable logistic regression identified factors associated with chronic complications. Results were reported as Adjusted Odds Ratios (AORs) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs), and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: A total of 404 type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients participated in the study, with a response rate of 97.58%. The mean age of participants was 44.80 ± 14.10 years, 41.09% had diabetes for more than 5 years, and 64.85% had suboptimal glycemic control. Among participants, 45.54% (95% CI: 40.61-50.54) had at least one chronic complication, and one in five had multimorbidity. The most common microvascular complications were peripheral neuropathy (14.85%) and nephropathy (9.65%), while macrovascular complications included congestive heart failure (14.11%) and cerebrovascular disorders (11.39%). Multivariable logistic regression identified older age (AOR = 2.74; 95% CI: 1.73, 4.37; p < 0.000), female sex (AOR = 2.14; 95% CI: 1.12, 4.16; p = 0.039), longer diabetes duration (AOR = 2.98; 95% CI: 1.41, 6.54; p = 0.007), poor glycemic control (AOR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.33, 3.09; p = 0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (AOR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.06, 3.80; p = 0.038), high salt intake (AOR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.32; p = 0.024), and physical inactivity (AOR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.16, 2.64; p = 0.008) as significant factors associated with chronic complications.

CONCLUSION: Nearly half of patients with Type 2 diabetes in Southern Ethiopia experienced chronic complications, emphasizing the need for improved prevention and management strategies. Strengthening diabetes care should include routine lipid and blood pressure screening, HbA1c testing where feasible, and nurse-led foot assessment. Community-based interventions promoting physical activity and dietary modification, along with patient education on glycemic control, should be scaled up. Implementing these feasible, low-cost measures within Ethiopia’s existing chronic care framework can help reduce the burden and improve health outcomes.

PMID:41218056 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0336666

PLoS One. 2025 Nov 11;20(11):e0335902. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0335902. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that cognitive decline is related to meteorological conditions, but most of them focus on air pollutants rather than thermal inversion (TI). The impact of TI on cognitive function remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to explore the role of TI in the changes of cognitive function trajectories.

METHODS: This study included 5,762 participants aged 45 years and older from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) between 2011-2015. The latent class trajectory model (LCTM) was used to fit population trajectories of cognitive development. The TI data were obtained from NASA’s MERRA-2 dataset, which were totaled by comparing temperatures of atmosphere. The multinomial logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to assess the relationship between TI and cognition, the primary outcome was class membership in cognitive trajectories estimated by LCTM.

RESULTS: There were three trajectories of cognitive development in 5,762 participants, which were categorized into three trajectories: U-shaped (decline then improvement), Slowly decline and N-shaped (improvement then decline). In the Slowly decline class, the proportion of individuals exposed to moderate and high levels of TI was the highest. After adjusting for covariates, at medium TI exposure, the odds of being classified into the Slowly decline trajectory versus the U-shaped trajectory were 26.9% higher (OR=1.269, 95% CI = 1.054 ~ 1.528, P = 0.012), at high exposure, 47.8% higher (OR=1.478, 95% CI = 1.152 ~ 1.895, P = 0.002).

CONCLUSION: Higher TI exposure was associated with trajectory membership patterns indicative of worse cognition, strategies that reduce TI exposure may support healthier cognitive trajectories.

PMID:41218051 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0335902

PLoS One. 2025 Nov 11;20(11):e0334957. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0334957. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis (HGA), caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis (HME), caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis, are tick-borne zoonoses. The vast majority of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infections reported worldwide are from the United States. Ehrlichia chaffeensis infections are reported exclusively from North America, with the majority reported from the United States. We have recently summarized the available data on HGA and HME in the form of two systematic reviews. We compared data from these two systematic reviews to objectify differences in epidemiological and clinical presentation between the two diseases in the United States.

METHODS: From our recently published systematic reviews on HGA and HME, «best evidence data» were extracted and comparatively analyzed. Cases were included if (i) they had a high level of diagnostic certainty (i.e., diagnosed by PCR, culture, immunostaining of tissue, or paired IgG IFA serology), (ii) individual clinical data were available, (iii) no concomitantly present coinfection(s) were reported, and (iv) the infection was acquired in the United States.

RESULTS: HME cases were statistically more frequent immunocompromised and younger and had gastrointestinal symptoms, hepatosplenomegaly and elevated liver function tests (LFT) levels. HGA cases were statistically more frequent presenting with pulmonary symptoms and encephalitis. Hospitalization and a fatal outcome was more frequent in HME. No differences in fatal outcome were observed between immunocompetent and immunocompromised HME cases.

CONCLUSION: Although HGA and HME show similarities, there are statistically significant differences in terms of their clinical patterns and outcomes and a not yet described difference in the affected age pattern.

PMID:41218048 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0334957

PLoS One. 2025 Nov 11;20(11):e0335187. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0335187. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias (HSP) are a group of genetic disorders leading to the degeneration of long motor and sensory tracts in a progressive course. Clinician-reported outcomes (ClinROs) are the most commonly used endpoints for monitoring these diseases, but they have low sensitivity to detect progression. Therefore, identifying new monitoring biomarkers with higher sensitivity to change is crucial. Our objective was to compare the progression of Somatosensory Evoked Potential (SSEP) latencies over time with ClinROs in HSP.

METHODS: A longitudinal study was conducted on 22 individuals with a genetic diagnosis (13 SPG4, 3 SPG5, 3 SPG7, 2 SPG10, and 1 cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis), with two evaluations over a 4-year interval of upper limb (UL) and lower limb (LL) SSEPs and the Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale (SPRS) total score and motor items only (mSPRS).

RESULTS: In the follow-up time analysis, progression after 4 years was observed only for SPRS and mSPRS, with an annual progression of 1.12 points and 1.02 points, respectively. No statistically significant progression was observed for SSEPs. Disease progression modeled according to disease duration showed worsening in all outcomes. For each additional year of disease, the SPRS worsened by 0.834 points (95% CI 0.62 to 1.04, p < 0.001), mSPRS by 0.758 points (95% CI 0.55 to 0.96, p < 0.001), SSEP-UL latency by 0.164 ms (95% CI 0.03 to 0.3, p < 0.001), and SSEP-LL latency by 1.343 ms (95% CI 0.74 to 1.93, p < 0.001). Results for the SPG4 subgroup were similar to those for the overall HSP group.

CONCLUSION: The neurophysiological progression of sensory long tract dysfunction is even slower than the progression of motor findings measured by COAs in HSP. The low sensitivity to change of SSEPs identified suggests that they should not be used as primary endpoints in future clinical trials for disease-modifying drugs.

PMID:41218046 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0335187

PLoS One. 2025 Nov 11;20(11):e0336700. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0336700. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

Pale shrimp disease is an emerging threat in Thailand, characterized by pale body coloration in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Although the etiology had been identified as Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, the disease effects on gut microbiome remain poorly understood. This study investigated changes in the gut microbiota of Pacific white shrimp suffering from pale shrimp disease (diseased group) compared to disease-free shrimp (healthy group) collected from Surat Thani Province, Thailand. DNA extracted from the intestinal samples was subjected to 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing, followed by taxonomic identification, diversity analyses, and functional prediction of the metabolic pathways. Despite a limited number of biological replicates, the occurrence of pale shrimp disease was able to reveal alterations in intestinal microbial composition, diversities, and functional features compared to the healthy shrimp. In most cases, the intestinal microbiota of the diseased shrimp were dominated by only 2 genera of bacteria, i.e., Photobacterium (54.63-70.53%) and Vibrio (24.94-26.12%), which together accounted for 79.58-95.47% of the total bacterial community. α-diversity, as indicated by the observed features, Shannon, and Simpson indices, was significantly decreased, and dominance was significantly increased in the diseased shrimp compared to healthy shrimp. Likewise, β-diversity was significantly different between groups; PCoA of un-weighted and weighted UniFrac clearly distinguished intestinal microbiota of the shrimp into 2 clusters, and ANOSIM of these data revealed statistical differences between groups, suggesting different microbiota communities between healthy and diseased shrimp. Moreover, diseased shrimp had significantly higher predicted functional features associated with bacterial virulence factors and antibacterial resistance. These exploratory findings suggest an association among pale shrimp disease, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and the proliferation of opportunistic taxa, particularly Photobacterium.

PMID:41218045 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0336700