Tag: nevin manimala

BMC Infect Dis. 2024 Feb 22;24(1):241. doi: 10.1186/s12879-024-09090-w.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: People who have coronary artery disease are more likely to develop signs and symptoms of COVID-19 due to their special circumstances. Coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG)does not cure the disease but reduces the signs and symptoms, therefore, there is a possibility of severe complications of Covid-19 after it.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is a descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted from June to July 2020 on 200 patients who underwent CABG from February 2018 to February 2020. The instrument consisted of socio-demographic variables and COVID’s signs and symptoms checklist. Data were collected by census method by telephone. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Fisher’s exact test, Mann Whitney U test, and logistic regression model.

RESULTS: The results showed that the majority of the samples were male (67%). The mean age of them was 62.02 ± 9.06 years and 10% of the m had signs and symptoms of Covid 19. Having the symptoms of COVID-19 is significant in terms of the variables of decreased sense of smell (p < 0.002), decreased sense of taste (p < 0.002), and home quarantine (p < 0.01). The logistic regression model showed decreased sense of taste (OR = 6.071, CI95%: 1.621-29.984, p < 0.009) and non-compliance with home quarantine (OR = 0.061, CI95%: 0.005-0.741, p < 0.028) were the related variables to signs and symptoms of Covid 19.

CONCLUSION: The results did not indicate the frequency of COVID signs and symptoms among people with a history of Coronary artery bypass grafting surgery more than healthy people in the Iranian community. Extensive studies are suggested in this regard.

PMID:38388892 | DOI:10.1186/s12879-024-09090-w

BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2024 Feb 22;25(1):167. doi: 10.1186/s12891-024-07272-w.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Workplace factors are important predictors of occurrence of musculoskeletal pain among different occupational populations. In healthcare, a psychologically unsafe work environment can negatively affect the emotional, physical and psychological well-being of physicians. This study aimed to examine the relationship between workplace violence, sexual harassment and musculoskeletal pain among Egyptian physicians in their years of residency.

METHODS: We distributed an online self-administered questionnaire to 101 residents working in various healthcare sectors in Egypt. It included sections on demographic data, working conditions, widespread pain index (WPI), pain interference short-form, workplace violence and harassment questionnaire, psychosocial safety climate questionnaire (PSC) and sexual harassment climate questionnaire.

RESULTS: All residents had at least one painful site on the WPI (range 1-11). The mean WPI was 3.5 ± 2.4, and 39.6% satisfied the criteria of having widespread pain by having at least 4 pain sites. Widespread pain index showed a weak statistically significant negative correlation with workplace PSC score (rho = – 0.272, p = 0.006), and a statistically significant weak positive correlation with the calculated total abuse index (rho = 0.305, p = 0.002). Workplace violence and abuse, as measured by a calculated abuse index was the only significant predictors of widespread pain among residents.

CONCLUSION: WPV was found to be a predictor of musculoskeletal pain among medical residents. Healthcare organizations need to address WPV by employing preventive strategies to minimize its hazardous effects and ensure a safe working environment for physicians.

PMID:38388888 | DOI:10.1186/s12891-024-07272-w

BMC Psychiatry. 2024 Feb 22;24(1):158. doi: 10.1186/s12888-024-05581-x.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Patients’ recall of memories from the ICU plays an important role in the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder. This study aimed to determine the effect of nurse-initiated diary intervention on post-traumatic stress disorder and recall of memories in ICU survivors.

METHODS: This RCT study included all patients admitted to two trauma ICUs in Southeast of Iran. Thirty patients considered in control and intervention groups. Data collection tools included the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), and the ICU Memory Tool (ICU-MT). The researcher wrote daily diaries of the intervention and control groups during the first 72 h of their admissions. SPSS25 was used to analyze the data.

RESULTS: The total mean PTSD score in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p > 0.0001, z = -3.75). The number of those in the intervention group who clearly recalled their admission to hospital, their hospital stay before being admitted to the ICU and all memories from the ICU stay, was more than those in the control group; this difference was statistically significant (p > 0.0001).

CONCLUSION: The results showed that the nurse-initiated diary was effective on the PTSD and recall clear memories of patients admitted to the ICU. We suggest medical and educational centers to use this intervention in order to reduce the posttraumatic stress disorder in these patients. As nurse-initiated diary intervention had no significant difference in the recall of different types of memories from the ICU, we require further studies in this field.

PMID:38388884 | DOI:10.1186/s12888-024-05581-x

Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2024 Feb 22. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.13992. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Methotrexate (MTX) is a widely used medication for various cancers, yet its use is associated with adverse effects on organs, notably the lungs. Cannabidiol (CBD), known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, was investigated for its potential protective effects against MTX-induced lung injury. Thirty-two female Wistar Albino rats were divided into four groups: control, MTX (single 20 mg/kg intraperitoneal dose), MTX + CBD (single 20 mg/kg MTX with 0.1 ml of 5 mg/kg CBD for 7 days intraperitoneally) and CBD only (for 7 days). Lung tissues were analysed using histopathological, immunohistochemical and PCR methods after the study. Histopathological assessment of the MTX group revealed lung lesions like hyperemia, edema, inflammatory cell infiltration and epithelial cell loss. Immunohistochemical examination showed significant increases in Cas-3, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) expressions. PCR analysis indicated elevated expressions of apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 (Apaf 1), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP 78), CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and cytochrome C (Cyt C), along with reduced B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL 2) expressions in the MTX group, though not statistically significant. Remarkably, CBD treatment reversed these findings. This study highlights CBD’s potential in mitigating MTX-induced lung damage, suggesting its therapeutic promise.

PMID:38388876 | DOI:10.1111/bcpt.13992

BMC Public Health. 2024 Feb 22;24(1):564. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-17984-2.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The Census of Populations and Dwellings’ is the five yearly population count of Aotearoa New Zealand. Best available populations (BAP) are subnational projections based on census data and demographic assumptions developed for healthcare planning and funding allocation but are also used as the denominator for health indicator monitoring. Pacific people are systematically undercounted, but the impact on health statistics is not well studied. For COVID-19 vaccination coverage, health service user (HSU) data were considered a more reliable denominator than BAP but introduced new biases. We aimed to understand how the choice of denominator population impacts estimates of population size and health system performance for Pacific people at a local level.

METHODS: We described how declining census response rates affected population data quality. We compared BAP and HSU data at district level. For the indicators ‘access to primary care’ and ‘cervical cancer screening uptake’ we replaced currently used BAP denominators with HSU and examined the impact for different ethnic groups in different geographic districts.

RESULTS: Overall Census 2018 response declined by 10%, but for Māori and Pacific people by 21% and 23%, respectively. This inequitably affected BAP accuracy. Census undercount was highest in the district with the largest Pacific populations, where HSU exceeded BAP most. Notably, ‘access to primary care’ for Pacific people in this district consistently exceeds 100%. Using BAP, both health indicators are currently estimated as highest for Pacific people compared to other ethnic groups, but when based on HSU, they dropped to lowest. Similar, but less pronounced trends occurred in other districts. Changes in trends over time for both indicators coincided mostly with adjustments in BAP, rather than changes in the numerators.

CONCLUSIONS: The current use of BAP denominators for health statistics does not enable reliable monitoring of key health indicators for Pacific people. HSU denominators are also unsuitable for monitoring health. Exploring the feasibility of a real-time population register is strongly recommended as a new, transparent, way of obtaining more reliable, timely population data to guide policymaking and underpin a more equitable health system under the health reforms. Meanwhile, reporting of ethnic specific outcomes need to include a clear assessment of the potential for bias due to inaccurate population estimates.

PMID:38388865 | DOI:10.1186/s12889-024-17984-2

BMC Psychiatry. 2024 Feb 22;24(1):154. doi: 10.1186/s12888-024-05560-2.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Dual harm encompasses the complex interplay of the co-occurrence of self-harm and aggression. Individuals with dual harm may display a more hazardous pattern of harmful behaviors like homicide-suicide compared to people with sole harm. This study aimed to examine the presence of dual harm among general psychiatry inpatients in a mental health unit in Uganda.

METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 3098 inpatients from January 2018 to December 2021. Dual harm reported experience at admission was based on experiences of self-harm with harm to people or property or both. Logistic regression assessed the association between dual harm and sociodemographics and clinical characteristics.

RESULTS: A total of 29 (1%) patients experienced dual harm, with five having experienced self-harm with both harm to others and property, 23 with harm to people, and one with harm to property. Dual harm was statistically significantly associated with the male gender at bivariate analysis. However, there were no statistically significant factors associated with dual harm at multivariate analysis or sensitivity analysis with the specific types of dual harm.

CONCLUSION: General psychiatry inpatients in Uganda experience dual harm before admission at lower prevalence than in previous literature. However, no investigated sociodemographic and clinical factors could explain these experiences. Further studies looking at dual harm are warranted to understand these unfortunate experiences with serious consequences among patients in Uganda.

PMID:38388864 | DOI:10.1186/s12888-024-05560-2

BMC Gastroenterol. 2024 Feb 22;24(1):80. doi: 10.1186/s12876-024-03156-4.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Poorly visualized images that appear during small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) can confuse the interpretation of small bowel lesions and increase the physician’s workload. Using a validated artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm that can evaluate the mucosal visualization, we aimed to assess whether SBCE reading after the removal of poorly visualized images could affect the diagnosis of SBCE.

METHODS: A study was conducted to analyze 90 SBCE cases in which a small bowel examination was completed. Two experienced endoscopists alternately performed two types of readings. They used the AI algorithm to remove poorly visualized images for the frame reduction reading (AI user group) and conducted whole frame reading without AI (AI non-user group) for the same patient. A poorly visualized image was defined as an image with < 50% mucosal visualization. The study outcomes were diagnostic concordance and reading time between the two groups. The SBCE diagnosis was classified as Crohn’s disease, bleeding, polyp, angiodysplasia, and nonspecific finding.

RESULTS: The final SBCE diagnoses between the two groups showed statistically significant diagnostic concordance (k = 0.954, p < 0.001). The mean number of lesion images was 3008.5 ± 9964.9 in the AI non-user group and 1401.7 ± 4811.3 in the AI user group. There were no cases in which lesions were completely removed. Compared with the AI non-user group (120.9 min), the reading time was reduced by 35.6% in the AI user group (77.9 min).

CONCLUSIONS: SBCE reading after reducing poorly visualized frames using the AI algorithm did not have a negative effect on the final diagnosis. SBCE reading method integrated with frame reduction and mucosal visualization evaluation will help improve AI-assisted SBCE interpretation.

PMID:38388860 | DOI:10.1186/s12876-024-03156-4

Br J Cancer. 2024 Feb 22. doi: 10.1038/s41416-024-02593-y. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have observed inconsistent associations between birth weight and aggressive prostate cancer risk. This study aimed to prospectively analyse this association in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS).

METHODS: Birth weight was self-reported in 1994, and prostate cancer diagnoses were assessed biennially through January 2017 and confirmed by medical record review. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the association between birth weight and prostate cancer risk and mortality.

RESULTS: Among 19,889 eligible men, 2520 were diagnosed with prostate cancer, including 643 with higher-grade/advanced stage, 296 with lethal, and 248 with fatal disease. Overall, no association was observed for increasing birth weight with risk of overall prostate cancer, lower-grade, and organ-confined disease. However, a borderline statistically significant positive trend was observed for increasing birth weight with risk of higher-grade and/or advanced-stage prostate cancer (adjusted hazard ratio [HR_adj] per pound: 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.99-1.11; P-trend = 0.08), but no associations were observed with risk of lethal or fatal disease (HR_adj: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.91-1.08; P-trend = 0.83; and HR_adj: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.90-1.08; P-trend = 0.82, respectively).

CONCLUSION: No consistent associations were observed between birth weight and prostate cancer risk or mortality in this 22-year prospective cohort study.

PMID:38388857 | DOI:10.1038/s41416-024-02593-y

Br J Cancer. 2024 Feb 22. doi: 10.1038/s41416-024-02592-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: We characterized age at diagnosis and estimated sex differences for lung cancer and its histological subtypes among individuals who never smoke.

METHODS: We analyzed the distribution of age at lung cancer diagnosis in 33,793 individuals across 8 cohort studies and two national registries from East Asia, the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK). Student’s t-tests were used to assess the study population differences (Δ years) in age at diagnosis comparing females and males who never smoke across subgroups defined by race/ethnicity, geographic location, and histological subtypes.

RESULTS: We found that among Chinese individuals diagnosed with lung cancer who never smoke, females were diagnosed with lung cancer younger than males in the Taiwan Cancer Registry (n = 29,832) (Δ years = -2.2 (95% confidence interval (CI):-2.5, -1.9), in Shanghai (n = 1049) (Δ years = -1.6 (95% CI:-2.9, -0.3), and in Sutter Health and Kaiser Permanente Hawai’i in the US (n = 82) (Δ years = -11.3 (95% CI: -17.7, -4.9). While there was a suggestion of similar patterns in African American and non-Hispanic White individuals. the estimated differences were not consistent across studies and were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS: We found evidence of sex differences for age at lung cancer diagnosis among individuals who never smoke.

PMID:38388856 | DOI:10.1038/s41416-024-02592-z

Nat Med. 2024 Feb 22. doi: 10.1038/s41591-024-02853-7. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:38388841 | DOI:10.1038/s41591-024-02853-7