Tag: nevin manimala

BMC Med Imaging. 2023 Sep 15;23(1):131. doi: 10.1186/s12880-023-01094-3.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To identify CT features and establish a nomogram, compared with a machine learning-based model for distinguishing gastrointestinal heterotopic pancreas (HP) from gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 148 patients with pathologically confirmed HP (n = 48) and GIST (n = 100) in the stomach or small intestine that were less than 3 cm in size. Clinical information and CT characteristics were collected. A nomogram on account of lasso regression and multivariate logistic regression, and a RandomForest (RF) model based on significant variables in univariate analyses were established. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, mean area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) were carried out to evaluate and compare the diagnostic ability of models.

RESULTS: The nomogram identified five CT features as independent predictors of HP diagnosis: age, location, LD/SD ratio, duct-like structure, and HU lesion/pancreas A. Five features were included in RF model and ranked according to their relevance to the differential diagnosis: LD/SD ratio, HU lesion/pancreas A, location, peritumoral hypodensity line and age. The nomogram and RF model yielded AUC of 0.951 (95% CI: 0.842-0.993) and 0.894 (95% CI: 0.766-0.966), respectively. The DeLong test found no statistically significant difference in diagnostic performance (p > 0.05), but DCA revealed that the nomogram surpassed the RF model in clinical usefulness.

CONCLUSION: Two diagnostic prediction models based on a nomogram as well as RF method were reliable and easy-to-use for distinguishing between HP and GIST, which might also assist treatment planning.

PMID:37715139 | DOI:10.1186/s12880-023-01094-3

Am J Ther. 2023 Sep-Oct 01;30(5):e416-e425. doi: 10.1097/MJT.0000000000001519. Epub 2022 May 31.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains uncertain, with increasing data suggestive of acceptable short-term duration. Metabolically accelerated atherosclerosis associated with diabetes makes it essential to study short-term DAPT in this subgroup. With limited studies determining optimal DAPT strategies after second-generation stents in this subset, we aimed to establish the optimal duration of DAPT in the diabetic population using second-generation stents.

QUESTION: To determine optimal DAPT duration in diabetic population undergoing PCI in 2nd generation stents.

DATA SOURCES: We conducted an electronic database search of randomized controlled trials from PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases.

STUDY DESIGN: A meta-analysis was conducted comparing outcomes of short-term (3-6 months) DAPT therapy versus long-term (12 months) DAPT therapy in the diabetic population undergoing PCI with second-generation stents.

RESULTS: A total of 5 randomized controlled trials were included with a total of 3117 diabetic patients. Short-term DAPT did not show any statistical difference from long-term DAPT in achieving primary outcomes (relative ratio: 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68-1.35, P = 0.84). Overall mortality (OR 0.92; 95% CI, 0.52-1.63, P = 0.98), myocardial infarction [odds ratio (OR)OR 1.02; 95% CI, 0.53-1.94, P = 0.85], stent thrombosis (OR 1.20; 95% CI, 0.55-2.60, P = 0.55), target vessel revascularization (OR 1.10; 95% CI, 0.45-2.73, P = 0.74), and stroke (OR 0.50; 95% CI, 0.082-2.43, P = 0.81) did not show any statistical difference between the 2 groups. Similarly, a subgroup analysis of study population comparing 6 versus 12 months of DAPT in diabetic population did not show any difference in net primary outcomes (relative ratio: 0.86, 95% CI 0.45-1.45, P = 0.60). There was no significant heterogeneity noted between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis showed no statistically significant benefit of longer DAPT over shorter DAPT therapy in patients undergoing PCI with drug-eluting stent in patients with diabetes.

PMID:37713685 | DOI:10.1097/MJT.0000000000001519

Cornea. 2023 Sep 15. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0000000000003392. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were 1) to compare “front” and “rear” methods for loading Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) tissue into both micro-Jones and standard-Jones tubes and 2) to evaluate the efficacy of a cone-shaped glass funnel adapter designed to make loading DMEK tissue safer for corneal endothelial cells.

METHODS: The corneal endothelium was stained with 0.06% trypan blue to confirm equivalence between mate corneas. The tissues were then processed using the Iowa Lions Eye Bank standard DMEK protocol. In comparison 1, one mate was loaded into the rear of a micro-Jones or standard-Jones tube and the other was loaded into the front of the same tube. In comparison 2, one mate was loaded into the front of the micro-Jones tube and the other was loaded through the cone-shaped funnel adapter into the rear. All tissues were ejected through the front of the modified Jones tubes and assessed for endothelial cell loss (ECL) with calcein AM staining, FIJI, and Trainable Weka Segmentation; scroll widths were measured digitally.

RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in ECL between front and rear loading [micro (N = 6 pairs): front 15.74% vs. rear 17.95%; standard (N = 6 pairs): front 19.58% vs. rear 19.17%; all P > 0.05]. DMEK scrolls loaded with the funnel adapter exhibited lower ECL compared with scrolls loaded through the front [micro (N = 8 pairs): front 13.53% vs. loading funnel 2.40%; P < 0.001]. Loading with the adapter was not faster (front 6.66 seconds vs. loading funnel 5.52 seconds; P = 0.24).

CONCLUSIONS: Using a cone-shaped DMEK loading funnel may reduce ECL sustained during preloading.

PMID:37713668 | DOI:10.1097/ICO.0000000000003392

Eye Contact Lens. 2023 Sep 15. doi: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000001032. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To measure the corneoscleral limbus and anterior sclera parameters of normal Chinese adults by swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 56 Chinese subjects with ametropia were evaluated in the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from September 2020 to December 2020, including 26 (46.4%) men, with an average age of 24.7±1.8 years old. The OCT SS-1000 (CASIA, Tomey, Tokyo, Japan) was used to measure the sagittal height, corneoscleral junction (CSJ) angle, and scleral angle.

RESULTS: The chord was across the corneal center and the line connecting the center of the cornea and the center of the chord was perpendicular to the chord. The mean sagittal height at chord lengths of 10.0, 12.3, and 15.0 mm were 1,756±72, 2,658±110, and 3,676±155 μm, respectively. The absolute values of the differences between horizontal and vertical meridians at three chord lengths were 54±40, 70±67, and 117±95 μm, respectively. One-way analysis of variance showed that the differences of CSJ angles at 12.3-mm chord and scleral angles at 15.0-mm chord in the four segments were statistically significant (F values were 32.01 and 13.37, respectively, both P<0.001). The CSJ angles from low to high were 176.53±2.14° (nasal), 178.66±1.84° (inferior), 179.13±1.20° (temporal), and 179.31±1.68° (superior), and 87.5% of the nasal angles were less than 179°. The scleral angles from high to low were 38.35±2.47° (temporal), 38.26±3.37° (superior), 35.37±3.10° (nasal), and 35.30±4.71° (inferior).

CONCLUSIONS: The morphology of corneoscleral limbus and anterior sclera is asymmetrical in normal Chinese adults. The nasal side of the corneoscleral limbus has the largest angle, and the superior and temporal sides of the scleral angle are larger.

PMID:37713630 | DOI:10.1097/ICL.0000000000001032

Intern Med J. 2023 Sep 15. doi: 10.1111/imj.16227. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is associated with an increased incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), approximately 10%. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic anticoagulation in patients with NS.

METHODS: Studies evaluating prophylactic anticoagulation in NS were identified by an electronic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases until December 2021. Weighted mean proportion and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of thromboembolic and haemorrhagic events were calculated using a fixed-effects and a random-effects model. The differences in the outcomes among groups were estimated as pooled odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% CI. Statistical heterogeneity was evaluated using the I² statistic.

RESULTS: Five cohort studies, for a total of 414 adult patients, were included. Only two studies had a control group. The weighted mean incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis in patients who received VTE prophylaxis was 1.8% (95% CI: 0.6-3.5%; I₂ : 4.4%) and 0.9% (95% CI: 0.2-2.2%; I₂ : 43.4%) respectively. The weighted mean incidence of major bleeding in patients who received VTE prophylaxis was 2.3% (95% CI: 1-4.2%; I₂ : 25.4%). Patients with NS that received VTE prophylaxis had a non-significant reduced risk of PE (OR: 0.63 (95% CI: 0.03-14.8; I₂ : 64.4%)) and an increased risk of major bleeding (OR: 2.08 (95% CI: 0.41-10.45; I₂ : 0%)) compared to patients with NS that did not receive VTE prophylaxis.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that prophylactic anticoagulation in adult patients with primary NS may reduce the risk of VTE, even if it may be associated with a not negligible bleeding risk.

PMID:37713623 | DOI:10.1111/imj.16227

Genome Biol Evol. 2023 Sep 15:evad170. doi: 10.1093/gbe/evad170. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

How much genome differences between species reflect neutral or adaptive evolution is a central question in evolutionary genomics. In humans and other mammals, the presence of adaptive versus neutral genomic evolution has proven particularly difficult to quantify. The difficulty notably stems from the highly heterogeneous organization of mammalian genomes at multiple levels (functional sequence density, recombination, etc.) that complicates the interpretation and distinction of adaptive vs. neutral evolution signals. Here, we introduce Mixture Density Regressions (MDRs) for the study of the determinants of recent adaptation in the human genome. MDRs provide a flexible regression model based on multiple Gaussian distributions. We use MDRs to model the association between recent selection signals and multiple genomic factors likely to affect the occurrence/detection of positive selection, if the latter was present in the first place to generate these associations. We find that a MDR model with two Gaussian distributions provides an excellent fit to the genome-wide distribution of a common sweep summary statistic (iHS), with one of the two distributions likely enriched in positive selection. We further find several factors associated with signals of recent adaptation, including the recombination rate, the density of regulatory elements in immune cells, GC-content, gene expression in immune cells, the density of mammal-wide conserved elements, and the distance to the nearest virus-interacting gene. These results support the presence of strong positive selection in recent human evolution and highlight MDRs as a powerful tool to make sense of signals of recent genomic adaptation.

PMID:37713622 | DOI:10.1093/gbe/evad170

World Psychiatry. 2023 Oct;22(3):433-448. doi: 10.1002/wps.21147.

ABSTRACT

The offspring of parents with mental disorders are at increased risk for developing mental disorders themselves. The risk to offspring may extend transdiagnostically to disorders other than those present in the parents. The literature on this topic is vast but mixed. To inform targeted prevention and genetic counseling, we performed a comprehensive, PRISMA 2020-compliant meta-analysis. We systematically searched the literature published up to September 2022 to retrieve original family high-risk and registry studies reporting on the risk of mental disorders in offspring of parents with any type of mental disorder. We performed random-effects meta-analyses of the relative risk (risk ratio, RR) and absolute risk (lifetime, up to the age at assessment) of mental disorders, defined according to the ICD or DSM. Cumulative incidence by offspring age was determined using meta-analytic Kaplan-Meier curves. We measured heterogeneity with the I² statistic, and risk of bias with the Quality In Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. Sensitivity analyses addressed the impact of study design (family high-risk vs. registry) and specific vs. transdiagnostic risks. Transdiagnosticity was appraised with the TRANSD criteria. We identified 211 independent studies that reported data on 3,172,115 offspring of parents with psychotic, bipolar, depressive, disruptive, attention-deficit/hyperactivity, anxiety, substance use, eating, obsessive-compulsive, and borderline personality disorders, and 20,428,575 control offspring. The RR and lifetime risk of developing any mental disorder were 3.0 and 55% in offspring of parents with anxiety disorders; 2.6 and 17% in offspring of those with psychosis; 2.1 and 55% in offspring of those with bipolar disorder; 1.9 and 51% in offspring of those with depressive disorders; and 1.5 and 38% in offspring of those with substance use disorders. The offspring’s RR and lifetime risk of developing the same mental disorder diagnosed in their parent were 8.4 and 32% for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; 5.8 and 8% for psychosis; 5.1 and 5% for bipolar disorder; 2.8 and 9% for substance use disorders; 2.3 and 14% for depressive disorders; 2.3 and 1% for eating disorders; and 2.2 and 31% for anxiety disorders. There were 37 significant transdiagnostic associations between parental mental disorders and the RR of developing a different mental disorder in the offspring. In offspring of parents with psychosis, bipolar and depressive disorder, the risk of the same disorder onset emerged at 16, 5 and 6 years, and cumulated to 3%, 19% and 24% by age 18; and to 8%, 36% and 46% by age 28. Heterogeneity ranged from 0 to 0.98, and 96% of studies were at high risk of bias. Sensitivity analyses restricted to prospective family high-risk studies confirmed the pattern of findings with similar RR, but with greater absolute risks compared to analyses of all study types. This study demonstrates at a global, meta-analytic level that offspring of affected parents have strongly elevated RR and lifetime risk of developing any mental disorder as well as the same mental disorder diagnosed in the parent. The transdiagnostic risks suggest that offspring of parents with a range of mental disorders should be considered as candidates for targeted primary prevention.

PMID:37713573 | DOI:10.1002/wps.21147

Am J Hematol. 2023 Sep 15. doi: 10.1002/ajh.27083. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:37713530 | DOI:10.1002/ajh.27083

Am J Gastroenterol. 2023 Sep 15. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002498. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) has compiled risk factors that may be predictive of disease complications in Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the AGA risk factors for risk stratification in UC and CD.

METHODS: We included participants of two cohorts: OSCCAR and the Mayo Clinic cohort. Baseline clinical risk factors were extracted according to the AGA pathway. Our primary endpoint was defined as inflammatory bowel disease-related: 1) hospitalization, 2) bowel surgery, or 3) progression of disease. We analyzed the association of the number of AGA risk factors with our endpoint. Statistical multivariable modeling was performed with cox proportional hazards model.

RESULTS: A total of 412 CD patients were included. Comparing ≥3 with 0-1 risk factors, we found a significantly increased risk of complications in both OSCCAR (HR 2.75, 95% CI 1.71,4.41) and Mayo cohorts (HR 2.07, 95% CI 1.11,3.84). Diagnosis at younger age (HR 2.07), perianal disease (HR 1.99), and B2/B3 behavior (HR 1.92) were significantly associated with disease complications. We did not observe a consistent association between number of risk factors nor any specific individual risk factors and risk of disease complications in the 265 UC patients included.

CONCLUSIONS: We found a significant association between the number of AGA risk factors and the risk of disease complication in CD; this association was not significant in UC. The presence of ≥ 3 risk factors in CD leads to the highest risk of complications. The AGA care pathway is a useful tool to stratify patients who are at higher risk of disease complications in CD patients.

PMID:37713528 | DOI:10.14309/ajg.0000000000002498

Am J Gastroenterol. 2023 Sep 15. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002494. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Polyp size determination plays an important role in endoscopic decision making and follow-up determination. However, there is a lack of knowledge of endoscopist accuracy for polyp sizing and efficacy of available tools for size measurement. Our aim was to compare the accuracy of visual assessment, snare, forceps, and a virtual scale endoscope (VSE) in estimating polyp size among a diverse group of endoscopists.

METHODS: We conducted a prospective video-based study. 120 polyps measured and recorded along with all available measurement tools were randomized to visual assessment, snare, forceps, or VSE group. 11 endoscopists conducted video-based measurement using the randomized measurement tool. Primary outcome was relative accuracy in polyp size measurement compared to caliper measurement immediately post-resection.

RESULTS: 1320 measurements were performed. VSE had statistically significantly higher relative accuracy when compared to forceps (79.3 vs 71.3%; p<0.0001). Forceps had statistically significantly higher relative accuracy when compared to visual assessment (71.3 vs 63.6%; p=0.0036). There was no statistically significant difference when comparing visual assessment and snare-based measurements (63.6 vs 62.8%; p=0.797). Overall, 21.5% of polyps >5mm were misclassified as ≤5mm and 17.3% of polyps ≥10mm were misclassified as <10mm. VSE had the lowest percentage of polyps >5mm misclassified as ≤5mm (2.6%); polyps ≤5mm misclassified as >5mm (5.1%); and polyps <10mm misclassified as ≥10mm (1.7%).

CONCLUSION: Visual size estimation of polyps is inaccurate independently of training level, sex, and specialty. Size measurement accuracy can be improved using forceps and yields the highest relative accuracy when an adaptive scale technology is used.

PMID:37713525 | DOI:10.14309/ajg.0000000000002494