Tag: nevin manimala

Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2025 Nov 15;80:100827. doi: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2025.100827. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: While omentectomy is included in the guidelines for the surgical management of Borderline Ovarian Tumors (BOTs), it is unclear whether removal of a normal-appearing omentum confers a therapeutic advantage.

METHODS: The retrospective cohort study of patients with BOTs evalua0 ted the role of routine omentectomy and was followed by a meta-analysis to enhance the robustness of the findings. Data were obtained from patients treated at three Brazilian reference centers between January 2009 and October 2023. Progression-Free Survival (PFS), risk of death, and recurrence were compared between patients who underwent omentectomy and those who did not.

RESULTS: A total of 218 patients with BOTs were assessed: omentectomy was performed in 161 (73.8 %) and not performed in 57 (26.1 %). OS at 60 months was 95.5 % in the omentectomy group and 94.6 % in the non-omentectomy group (HR = 0.97 [95 % CI 0.20‒4.68]; p = 0.96). PFS was 97.2 % and 89.3 %, respectively (HR = 0.42; 95 % CI 0.10‒1.76; p = 0.23). Twelve studies comprising 2996 women with BOT, were included in the systematic review to evaluate the outcomes with and without omentectomy. Relative Risk (RR) of recurrence was 0.94 (95 % CI 0.67‒1.31; p = 0.7) for the non-omentectomy group compared with the omentectomy group. No statistically significant difference was observed, with an RR of 1.98 (95 % CI 0.24‒16.43; p = 0.53) for risk of death and an HR of 1.02 (95 % CI 0.25‒4.15; p = 0.98) for PFS.

CONCLUSION: The retrospective cohort study and meta-analysis showed a low incidence of metastatic disease in the omentum. No effect of omentectomy on OS, PFS, and recurrence in patients with BOT.

PMID:41241988 | DOI:10.1016/j.clinsp.2025.100827

Artif Intell Med. 2025 Nov 13;171:103305. doi: 10.1016/j.artmed.2025.103305. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Depression is a significant global health issue with increasing prevalence. Current diagnostic methods rely on subjective observations and questionnaires, often resulting in underestimation of the condition and insufficient treatment. This study investigates voice-based markers for detecting depressive symptoms through a novel system of virtual humans (VHs) capable of engaging in open-ended talks, unlike previous research which relied primarily on structured clinical interview formats. A total of 101 participants (42 with depressive symptoms) engaged in six casual social interactions with VHs simulating basic emotions, forming the DEPTALK dataset. Speech recordings and their automatic transcriptions were processed using state-of-the-art pre-trained transformer-based models to generate embeddings. We first employed a conversation-level aggregation strategy, combining embeddings across each dialogue and classifying them with Extreme Gradient Boosting. A single model trained on all six conversations per participant outperformed emotion-specific models, achieving F1 scores of 0.566 for speech, 0.329 for text, and 0.648 for the multimodal fusion, indicating that aggregating emotionally diverse interactions exposes stronger depression cues. To capture temporal dynamics, we further implemented a turn-level aggregation strategy using Gated Recurrent Units and training on all conversations. This approach improved performance for text (F1 = 0.505) and maintained competitive results for speech (F1 = 0.541), although the multimodal GRU model (F1 = 0.556) did not surpass the best conversation-level model. Overall, findings suggest that in casual conversations, depressive symptoms are primarily conveyed through prosody, with the addition of semantic context further enhancing detection. This study advances the understanding of speech-based depression patterns in simulated social interactions and highlights the potential of using VHs for more objective depressive symptoms detection.

PMID:41241976 | DOI:10.1016/j.artmed.2025.103305

Environ Technol. 2025 Nov 16:1-11. doi: 10.1080/09593330.2025.2587898. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

New strategies for effluent treatment aimed at reducing environmental pollutants have significantly advanced, particularly biological methods involving enzymatic processes. In this context, this study evaluated the efficacy of a laccase-enriched enzymatic extract (specific laccase activity = 0.45 U/mg), obtained from the fungus Xylaria sp. for treating pharmaceutical effluents containing paracetamol, diclofenac, mefenamic acid, ibuprofen, and sulfamethoxazole, each at concentrations of 50 ppm. The enzymatic treatment resulted in notably higher degradation efficiencies for paracetamol and mefenamic acid under initial screening (∼70%). These drugs were selected for optimization due to their higher susceptibility to enzymatic degradation and because they are widely consumed pharmaceuticals frequently detected in aquatic environments. Afterward, optimization studies focused on these two pharmaceuticals, employing a statistical experimental design to determine optimal conditions, identified as pH 6.7, temperature of 40°C, and exposure time of 4.5 h. Under these optimized conditions, experimental results indicated a 95.55% reduction in paracetamol and a 55% reduction in mefenamic acid concentrations.Furthermore, enzyme immobilization on chitosan significantly enhanced stability and performance, maintaining approximately 90% reduction of both pharmaceuticals after multiple treatment cycles. These findings highlight the effectiveness of immobilized laccase systems and optimized reaction parameters, supporting their potential application for sustainable and efficient treatment of pharmaceutical effluent. Importantly, this work represents the first demonstration of using Xylaria sp. as a laccase source for pharmaceutical degradation, underlining its novelty and potential.

PMID:41241962 | DOI:10.1080/09593330.2025.2587898

Psychol Health Med. 2025 Nov 16:1-16. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2025.2584368. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study investigated fertility-related quality of life among married women of reproductive age (20-45 years) with endometriosis-associated infertility, focusing on the mediating role of family resilience between infertility-related stress and fertility-related quality of life. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between January 2024 and April 2025 at a tertiary hospital gynecology and reproductive center in Guangdong Province, China. Data were collected via structured questionnaires and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 and AMOS 26.0. Results indicated moderate levels of fertility-related stress (M = 70.92, SD = 13.98). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant negative association between fertility-related stress and fertility-related quality of life (r = -0.435, p < 0.01), while family resilience showed a positive correlation with fertility-related quality of life (r = 0.377, p < 0.01). Mediation analysis demonstrated that family resilience partially mitigated the negative impact of stress on fertility-related quality of life (standardized indirect effect = -0.11, 95% CI [-0.18, -0.06], p < 0.001). The findings suggest that while fertility-related stress directly impairs fertility-related quality of life in this population, family resilience serves as a protective buffer. Clinically, interventions aimed at strengthening family support and adaptive capacity may help reduce stress and improve well-being in women with endometriosis-associated infertility.

PMID:41241960 | DOI:10.1080/13548506.2025.2584368

STAR Protoc. 2025 Nov 14;6(4):104198. doi: 10.1016/j.xpro.2025.104198. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

High-dimensional traits, like blood cell traits, are often analyzed using univariate genetic analysis approaches, ignoring trait relationships. Here, we present a protocol for using the flashfmZero software for analyses of latent factors that capture variation in observed traits generated by shared underlying biological mechanisms. We describe steps for calculating genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of latent factors from GWAS of observed traits, allowing for missing trait measurements. We then describe steps for jointly fine-mapping associations from multiple latent factors. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Zhou et al.¹.

PMID:41241937 | DOI:10.1016/j.xpro.2025.104198

Biostatistics. 2024 Dec 31;26(1):kxaf037. doi: 10.1093/biostatistics/kxaf037.

ABSTRACT

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have highlighted the importance of pleiotropy in human diseases, where one gene can impact 2 or more unrelated traits. Examining shared genetic risk factors across multiple diseases can enhance our understanding of these conditions by pinpointing new genes and biological pathways involved. Furthermore, with an increasing wealth of GWAS summary statistics available to the scientific community, leveraging these findings across multiple phenotypes could unveil novel pleiotropic associations. Existing selection methods examine pleiotropic associations one by one at a scale of either the genetic variant or the gene, and thus cannot consider all the genetic information at the same time. To address this limitation, we propose a new approach called MPSG (Meta-analysis model adapted for Pleiotropy Selection with Group structure). This method performs a penalized multivariate meta-analysis method adapted for pleiotropy and takes into account the group structure information nested in the data to select relevant variants and genes (or pathways) from all the genetic information. To do so, we implemented an alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm. We compared the performance of the method with other benchmark meta-analysis approaches such as GCPBayes, PLACO, and ASSET by considering as inputs different kinds of summary statistics. We provide an application of our method to the identification of potential pleiotropic genes between breast and thyroid cancers.

PMID:41241933 | DOI:10.1093/biostatistics/kxaf037

Prostate. 2025 Nov 16. doi: 10.1002/pros.70093. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Neoadjuvant intense androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) has shown pathologic complete responses (pCR) in prostate cancer (PCa), but long-term survival outcomes remain unclear. This study evaluates the durability of response following neoadjuvant ADT plus enzalutamide before robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and lymph node dissection.

METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of an open-label feasibility trial enrolling men with NCCN intermediate-, high-, very high-risk localized and regional PCa treated with 6 months of neoadjuvant ADT and enzalutamide. Factors associated with biochemical recurrence (BCR) and metastases were evaluated using appropriate univariable statistical tests, and BCR-, metastasis-free survival (MFS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTS: Of 39 patients enrolled, 36 patients completed all study interventions. Eighteen (66.7%) patients had NCCN very high-risk disease or clinical regional lymph nodes on imaging. Four patients (11.1%) achieved pCR, although two (5.6%) developed BCR. One patient (2.8%) had M1 and three (8.3%) had N1 disease on final pathology, and all four developed metastases. Eleven (30.6%) patients received salvage therapy, with all but one receiving ADT with radiation. Factors associated with BCR included biopsy ISUP grade and positive surgical margins, while NCCN risk group, biopsy ISUP grade, perineural invasion, and pathological stage were associated with metastases (p < 0.05). Median follow-up was 7.3 (95% CI 6.3-8.3) years, and the 5-year BCR-free survival, MFS, and CSS were 64.1%, 84.6%, and 94.3%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: Neoadjuvant enzalutamide and ADT was associated with favorable long-term oncologic outcomes, supporting continued investigation in localized PCa.

PMID:41241930 | DOI:10.1002/pros.70093

Prenat Diagn. 2025 Nov 16. doi: 10.1002/pd.70023. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends offering spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) carrier screening (CS) preconception or prenatally. This study aimed to determine provider knowledge of SMA and SMA CS practice patterns and to describe the relationship between knowledge and comfort while discussing screening and results.

METHOD: Prenatal providers completed an anonymous web-based survey on SMA knowledge, CS practice patterns, and comfort in interpretation of results. Data were summarized with descriptive statistics. The relationship between provider training and SMA knowledge with provider comfort was analyzed.

RESULTS: 75% (112/150) of providers responded and 64.6% completed the survey. Participants varied in roles and years of experience. The mean score on knowledge was 3.8/8 (47.5%) with 20.6% of respondents scoring ≥ 75% and 51.6% scoring ≥ 50%. Knowledge did not vary with years of experience. Although 91.3% of providers offer SMA screening, less than 25% reported complete comfort discussing screening and results. Comfort correlated with role and experience. Providers who felt completely comfortable discussing SMA screening had higher knowledge scores.

CONCLUSION: Although the majority of providers offer SMA CS, provider knowledge regarding SMA is low, and most are not comfortable discussing screening and results.

PMID:41241929 | DOI:10.1002/pd.70023

J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2025 Nov 6;80(12):glaf227. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glaf227.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Current understanding of the last year of life with dementia is disproportionately informed by studies conducted in western contexts, primarily within long-term care settings. This study examines the last year of life experience for community-dwelling older adults and their caregivers in an Asian setting.

METHODS: Using prospective longitudinal cohort data from 125 family caregivers to older adults who have died during the study, we estimate separate random effects regression models to identify factors associated with hospital admissions, medical interventions, care experience, and informal caregiving hours. We also estimate costs associated with informal caregiving hours.

RESULTS: Nearly half (48%) of older adults experienced an inpatient admission, and nearly all (92%) experienced a potentially burdensome intervention. Urinary tract infections were the strongest predictor of hospital admissions (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 10.42, p = .00) and medical interventions (AOR = 9.61, p = .02). Pneumonia (AOR = 8.40, p = .05) and febrile episodes (AOR = 3.94, p = .03) were associated with increased odds of intervention, whereas caregivers who prioritized comfort care only were associated with reduced interventions (AOR = 0.28, p = .04) and increased admissions (AOR = 3.20, p = .04). Family caregivers provided 42 hours of care per week on average, and 30% gave up their employment to care for the older adult during the older adult’s final year.

CONCLUSIONS: Community-dwelling older adults in Singapore experienced similar clinical problems and potentially more burdensome interventions, including feeding tubes and physical restraints, than described previously in other contexts, highlighting the need for a palliative approach not apparent in the frequent acute care utilization, interventions, and caregiving burden observed.

PMID:41241927 | DOI:10.1093/gerona/glaf227

Nanotoxicology. 2025 Sep;19(6):553-574. doi: 10.1080/17435390.2025.2555307. Epub 2025 Nov 16.

ABSTRACT

The objective of the paper was to conduct a thorough statistical meta-analysis of a publicly available database by examining cell membrane damage (CMD), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), nuclear size (NS), nuclear intensity (NI), and cell viability (CVV) responses toward nanoparticles. The set of individual 880 and the subset of 630 measurements contained exposure dose, particle diameter, nanoparticle identity (TiO₂, Ag, SiO₂, CeO₂, ZnO, Cu), and cell type (A549, HCT116, HepaRG, HEPG2, RAW264.7) correlated to toxicity markers. The exposure dose was revealed as the most consistent predictor of toxicity across all endpoints, with higher doses significantly influencing toxicity. The compound-specific response was another important factor, where Ag, ZnO, and Cu, were consistently more cytotoxic, while ZnO and Cu correlated to loss of CVV and MMP. Contrary, TiO₂, CeO₂ and SiO₂ displayed partial protective effects, depending on cell context. The effect of particle size was compound- and endpoint-specific, e.g. smaller particles of CeO₂ displayed greater disruption to nuclear architecture (NS, NI) and MMP, while size had minimal effect on CVV for other compounds. HepaRG cells were the most sensitive, specifically from Cu and ZnO, while epithelial lines (e.g. HCT116, HEPG2) showed more complex patterns. Generally, the dose was confirmed as the most impactful predictor, due to consistent and statistically significant effects. Compounds and cell lines were determined as factors of next-highest importance, displaying mixed but significant effects, and the particle size showed lowest effects. These findings highlight the importance of multi-endpoint, multi-cell-type frameworks in nanotoxicology for compound- and cell-specific risk assessments.

PMID:41241926 | DOI:10.1080/17435390.2025.2555307