Tag: nevin manimala

J Environ Manage. 2023 Jun 10;342:118343. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118343. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The wine-making industry drives tourism and rural revitalization in several countries. Meanwhile, winemaking generates wastewater at all production stages, mainly from cleaning of equipment, floors, vessels, and bottles. This review presents a comprehensive analysis with statistical characteristics on the overall quality and generation rate of winery wastewater since 2007, identifies the technologies used by wineries in pilot- and full-scale wastewater treatment systems, and offers insights on practical wastewater treatment at small wineries. The median wastewater generation rate has been reduced to 1.58 L/L-wine, with a weekly peaking factor of 1.6-3.4 and monthly peaking factor of 2.1-2.7. Winery wastewater is acidic and of high organic strength. The organic substances are largely biodegradable and constituent concentrations do not exceed 50% inhibitory levels for biological treatment. However, the small ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus to biochemical oxygen demand indicate substantial needs to supplement nutrients for aerobic biological treatment. The frequency of processes used to pretreat winery wastewater was in the order of sedimentation > coarse screening > equalization > neutralization. The most frequently reported treatment methods were constructed wetland, activated sludge process, membrane bioreactor, and anaerobic digestion. Advanced oxidation processes have been pilot tested for polishing. The best wastewater management practice at small wineries is physical pretreatment, followed by land-based treatment systems. Covered anaerobic lagoons and underground digesters are practicable anaerobic digestion designs to reduce organic loading to land-based treatment systems. Research is needed to develop sufficient design criteria for the best practicable treatment processes and compare land-based treatment systems at pilot and full scales.

PMID:37307695 | DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118343

J Vet Cardiol. 2023 May 6;48:19-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jvc.2023.05.003. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES: Dogs with severe subaortic stenosis (SAS) are at risk of dying suddenly from fatal arrhythmias. Survival is not improved when treated with pure beta-adrenergic receptor (β)-blockers; however, the effect of other antiarrhythmic drugs on survival is unknown. Sotalol is both a β-blocker and a class III antiarrhythmic drug; the combination of these differing mechanisms may provide benefit to dogs with severe SAS. The primary objective of this study was to compare survival in dogs with severe SAS that were treated with either sotalol or atenolol. The secondary objective was to evaluate the effect of pressure gradient (PG), age, breed, and aortic regurgitation on survival.

ANIMALS: Forty-three client-owned dogs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective cohort study. Medical records of dogs diagnosed with severe SAS (PG ≥ 80 mmHg) between 2003 and 2020 were reviewed.

RESULTS: No statistical difference was identified in survival time between dogs treated with sotalol (n = 14) and those treated with atenolol (n = 29) when evaluating all-cause mortality (p=0.172) or cardiac-related mortality (p=0.157). Of the dogs that died suddenly, survival time was significantly shorter in dogs treated with sotalol compared to those treated with atenolol (p=0.046). Multivariable analysis showed that PG (p=0.002) and treatment with sotalol (p=0.050) negatively influenced survival in the dogs that died suddenly.

CONCLUSIONS: Sotalol did not have a significant effect on survival overall but may increase the risk of sudden death in dogs with severe SAS compared to atenolol.

PMID:37307692 | DOI:10.1016/j.jvc.2023.05.003

Cytokine. 2023 Jun 10;169:156269. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156269. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Management of Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) is still a challenge in Graves’ disease (GD). Moreover, 40% of GD patients show radiological muscle enlargement without clinically apparent GO. Delayed treatment of GO may lead to deterioration in prognosis.

METHODS: Thirty GD patients with overt hyperthyroidism were included in this study, 17 of whom either had GO at diagnosis or developed GO during the study period. Samples were collected at the beginning of the study, at 6 months, and at 24 months. Plasma samples were analyzed for 92 cytokines using the Olink Target 96 inflammation panel.

RESULTS: After adjustment for multiplicity testing using the false discovery rate approach, soluble programmed death ligand 1 (sPD-L1) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) were significantly elevated in GO patients.

CONCLUSION: Using a broad cytokine panel we show that patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathy have elevated PD-L1 and FGF-23 levels. The findings support previous suggestions that PD-L1 may serve as a treatment target.

PMID:37307688 | DOI:10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156269

Neural Netw. 2023 May 27;165:290-297. doi: 10.1016/j.neunet.2023.05.042. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates the stabilization control of fractional-order memristive neural networks with reaction-diffusion terms. With regard to the reaction-diffusion model, a novel processing method based on Hardy-Poincarè inequality is introduced, as a result, the diffusion terms are estimated associated with the information of the reaction-diffusion coefficients and the regional feature, which may be beneficial to obtain conditions with less conservatism. Then, based on Kakutani’s fixed point theorem of set-valued maps, new testable algebraic conclusion for ensuring the existence of the system’s equilibrium point is obtained. Subsequently, by means of Lyapunov stability theory, it is concluded that the resulting stabilization error system is global asymptotic/Mittag-Leffler stable with a prescribed controller. Finally, an illustrative example about is provided to show the effectiveness of the established results.

PMID:37307670 | DOI:10.1016/j.neunet.2023.05.042

Neural Netw. 2023 Jun 1;165:185-212. doi: 10.1016/j.neunet.2023.05.049. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Infectious diseases remain among the top contributors to human illness and death worldwide, among which many diseases produce epidemic waves of infection. The lack of specific drugs and ready-to-use vaccines to prevent most of these epidemics worsens the situation. These force public health officials and policymakers to rely on early warning systems generated by accurate and reliable epidemic forecasters. Accurate forecasts of epidemics can assist stakeholders in tailoring countermeasures, such as vaccination campaigns, staff scheduling, and resource allocation, to the situation at hand, which could translate to reductions in the impact of a disease. Unfortunately, most of these past epidemics exhibit nonlinear and non-stationary characteristics due to their spreading fluctuations based on seasonal-dependent variability and the nature of these epidemics. We analyze various epidemic time series datasets using a maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT) based autoregressive neural network and call it Ensemble Wavelet Neural Network (EWNet) model. MODWT techniques effectively characterize non-stationary behavior and seasonal dependencies in the epidemic time series and improve the nonlinear forecasting scheme of the autoregressive neural network in the proposed ensemble wavelet network framework. From a nonlinear time series viewpoint, we explore the asymptotic stationarity of the proposed EWNet model to show the asymptotic behavior of the associated Markov Chain. We also theoretically investigate the effect of learning stability and the choice of hidden neurons in the proposal. From a practical perspective, we compare our proposed EWNet framework with twenty-two statistical, machine learning, and deep learning models for fifteen real-world epidemic datasets with three test horizons using four key performance indicators. Experimental results show that the proposed EWNet is highly competitive compared to the state-of-the-art epidemic forecasting methods.

PMID:37307664 | DOI:10.1016/j.neunet.2023.05.049

Neural Netw. 2023 May 25;165:175-184. doi: 10.1016/j.neunet.2023.05.018. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In this article, we formulate the standard mixture learning problem as a Markov Decision Process (MDP). We theoretically show that the objective value of the MDP is equivalent to the log-likelihood of the observed data with a slightly different parameter space constrained by the policy. Different from some classic mixture learning methods such as Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm, the proposed reinforced algorithm requires no distribution assumptions and can handle the non-convex clustered data by constructing a model-free reward to evaluate the mixture assignment based on the spectral graph theory and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real examples demonstrate that the proposed method is comparable with the EM algorithm when the Gaussian mixture assumption is satisfied, and significantly outperforms it and other clustering methods in most scenarios when the model is misspecified. A Python implementation of our proposed method is available at https://github.com/leyuanheart/Reinforced-Mixture-Learning.

PMID:37307663 | DOI:10.1016/j.neunet.2023.05.018

Int J Nurs Stud. 2023 May 19;145:104529. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104529. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Institutions struggle with successful use of sepsis alerts within electronic health records.

OBJECTIVE: Test the association of sepsis screening measurement criteria in discrimination of mortality and detection of sepsis in a large dataset.

DESIGN: Retrospective, cohort study using a large United States (U.S.) intensive care database. The Institutional Review Board exempt status was obtained from Kansas University Medical Center Human Research Protection Program (10-1-2015).

SETTING: 334 U.S. hospitals participating in the eICU Research Institute.

PARTICIPANTS: Nine hundred twelve thousand five hundred and nine adult intensive care admissions from 183 hospitals.

METHODS: Exposures included: systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria ≥ 2 (Sepsis-1); systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria with organ failure criteria ≥ 3.5 points (Sepsis-2); and sepsis-related organ failure assessment score ≥ 2 and quick score ≥ 2 (Sepsis-3). Discrimination of outcomes was determined with/without (adjusted/unadjusted) baseline risk exposure to a model. The receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and odds ratios (ORs) for each decile of baseline risk of sepsis or death were assessed.

RESULTS: Within the eligible cohort of 912,509, a total of 86,219 (9.4 %) patients did not survive their hospital stay and 186,870 (20.5 %) met the definition of suspected sepsis. For suspected sepsis discrimination, Sepsis-2 (unadjusted AUROC 0.67, 99 % CI: 0.66-0.67 and adjusted AUROC 0.77, 99 % CI: 0.77-0.77) outperformed Sepsis-3 (SOFA unadjusted AUROC 0.61, 99 % CI: 0.61-0.61 and adjusted AUROC 0.74, 99 % CI: 0.74-0.74) (qSOFA unadjusted AUROC 0.59, 99 % CI: 0.59-0.60 and adjusted AUROC 0.73, 99 % CI: 0.73-0.73). Sepsis-2 also outperformed Sepsis-1 (unadjusted AUROC 0.58, 99 % CI: 0.58-0.58 and adjusted AUROC 0.73, 99 % CI: 0.73-0.73). In between differences of AUROCs were statistically significantly different. Sepsis-2 ORs were higher for the outcome of suspected sepsis when considering deciles of risk than the other measurement systems.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Sepsis-2 outperformed other systems in suspected sepsis detection and was comparable to SOFA in prognostic accuracy of mortality in adult intensive care patients.

PMID:37307638 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104529

Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2023 Jun 8;45:57-60. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2023.06.002. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Psychopathology has not yet been studied beyond pediatric age for all degrees of prematurity, including late-preterm, particularly in those who grew up with no apparent neurodevelopmental sequelae. This study aimed to examine psychopathological outcome following preterm birth and admission to neonatal intensive care in young adults without major neurodevelopmental and psychopathological problems that emerged during childhood.

METHODS: An Italian single-center prospective cohort study. Eighty-nine young adults (40 admitted to neonatal intensive care unit with less than 37 weeks of gestation and no medical history of other neurological or psychiatric conditions in childhood and 49 healthy peers born at term, matched by age, sex, and education) underwent neuropsychiatric interviews at the age of 20 ± 1 years; MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Beck Depression Inventory and Barratt Impulsive Scale, results were correlated to individual neonatal data and cognitive measures.

RESULTS: We found a significantly higher prevalence of psychopathology at MINI score (22.5% vs. 4.2%; χ2 = 6.7; p = 0,010) and prevalence of previous stressful life events in the preterm compared to at-term group. B.D.I. (testing depression) and BIS-11(testing impulsivity) did not highlight a statistically significant difference between the groups. All patients had average I.Q., a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) was observed between groups with a better performance in controls than cases.

CONCLUSIONS: Preterm infants attaining young adult age with otherwise typical development during childhood are at risk of psychopathology and lower resilience to stressful life events. The MINI interview could be a useful tool to highlight the psychopathology of preterm infants attaining adult age.

PMID:37307630 | DOI:10.1016/j.ejpn.2023.06.002

Acta Biochim Pol. 2023 Jun 12. doi: 10.18388/abp.2020_6692. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Myocardial fibrosis and inflammation cause cardiac hypertrophy, arrhythmias, and heart failure in diabetics, a leading cause of mortality. Since it’s complicated, no drug treats diabetic cardiomyopathy. This research examined the effects of artemisinin and allicin on heart function, myocardial fibrosis, and the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway in diabetic cardiomyopathy rats. A total of 50 rats were separated into 5 groups, 10 of which were the control group. 40 rats received 65 μg/g streptozotocin intraperitoneally. 37 of 40 animals fit the investigation. The artemisinin, allicin, and artemisinin/allicin groups each included nine animals. The artemisinin group received 75 mg/kg of artemisinin, the allicin group received 40 mg/kg of allicin, and the combination group received equal dosages of artemisinin and allicin gavage for four weeks. After the intervention, in each group cardiac functions, myocardial fibrosis, and NF-κB signaling pathway protein expression were assessed. All of the examined groups had greater levels of LVEDD, LVESD, LVEF, FS, E/A, and the NF-κB pathway proteins: NF-κB p65 and p-NF-κB p65 than the normal group, except for the combination group. Artemisinin and allicin did not vary statistically. Compared to the model group, the artemisinin, allicin, and combined groups showed various degrees of improvement from the pathological pattern, with more intact muscle fibers, neater arrangement, more normal cell morphology, artemisinin and allicin alleviated cardiac dysfunction and decreased myocardium fibrosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy rats by inactivating the NF-κB signaling cascade.

PMID:37307593 | DOI:10.18388/abp.2020_6692

Eur J Endocrinol. 2023 Jun 12:lvad062. doi: 10.1093/ejendo/lvad062. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Achieving recommended targets of sodium correction is challenging to physicians treating hyponatraemia. Plasma sodium has to be increased effectively, yet overcorrection must be prevented. This is often hampered by a high variability of responses to treatment. Here, we sought to delineate factors influencing sodium evolution.

DESIGN: We retrospectively analysed 3,460 patients from the multinational Hyponatraemia Registry comprising a wide range of hyponatraemia aetiologies and treatment strategies.

METHODS: Multivariable linear mixed effects models were applied to identify predictors of plasma sodium evolution within the first 24 hours of treatment.

RESULTS: Evolution of sodium levels over time showed a curvilinear pattern with steeper rise at earlier timepoints. Baseline sodium showed the most pronounced impact with an additional increment of 3.12 mEq/L for every 10 mEq/L initial sodium reduction. With sodium increments of 1.9 mEq/L and 1.4 mEq/L per 24 hours, respectively, the entities hypovolaemic and thiazide-associated hyponatraemia were independent factors for sodium evolution. Therapeutic regimens using hypertonic saline (4.6 mEq/L/24 h), tolvaptan (3.4 mEq/L/24 h), or combination therapy (2.6 mEq/L/24 h) were also associated with a significantly larger sodium rise when compared with no active treatment.

CONCLUSIONS: Choice and dosing of active hyponatraemia therapy should be adjusted not only according to aetiology but most importantly to pre-treatment sodium. Although counterintuitive, less aggressive therapy in more profound hyponatraemia might be safer but yet effective at least in less severe cases.

PMID:37307578 | DOI:10.1093/ejendo/lvad062