Tag: nevin manimala

Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2023 Sep;31(5):1003-1010. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2023-31-5-1003-1010.

ABSTRACT

The priority of state policy of the Russian Federation is to make conditions for sustainable social economic development of national regions, including the territories of the Arctic Zone. The successful solution of these tasks is possible only if there is sufficient amount of labor resources and at achieving positive dynamics of main demographic processes. The purpose of the study is to establish characteristics of both dynamics of main demographic processes and reproductive health of Northerners as exemplified by the Republic of Komi.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The retrospective ecological epidemiological study was carried out using reports of the Federal statistical observation. To evaluate demographic processes the values of main demographic parameters were calculated. To analyze dynamics of demographic processes time series of demographic coefficients were constructed and values of growth rate indicators were calculated.

RESULTS: The number of male and female population of the Komi Republic in 1990-2023 decreased by 46.5% and 37.1%. The specific weight of people older than able-bodied age increased in males from 4.9% to 14.7% and in females from 15.7% to 31.6%. The number of females of fertile age (16-49 years) in the Komi Republic decreased by 152.602 people (-47.5%) and their general fertility rate decreased by 33.3%. The birth rate in the group of young women aged 15-19 years decreased in 1990-2021 by 80.1%; and of women aged 20-24 years decreased by 60.4%. The frequency of abortions tends to decrease, but significantly exceeds the national average values.

CONCLUSION: The replacement-level fertility is not achieved in the Komi Republic. Taking into account the peculiarities of demographic, social economic processes, it is necessary to develop and to implement regional program of reproductive health improvement.

PMID:37898891 | DOI:10.32687/0869-866X-2023-31-5-1003-1010

Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2023 Sep;31(5):996-1002. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2023-31-5-996-1002.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the study is to identify relationship between value orientations and safety culture of workers of medical organization. The sampling consisted of 284 workers (66 men, 218 women) of medical clinic. To identify system of personal values the “Value Orientations” questionnaire by Sch. Schwartz was applied. The mean values and ranks were calculated for each value indicator. To assess safety culture the “Safety Attitudes Questionnaire” by K. N. Tsaranov et al. was applied. The data statistical processing of the data was carried out using variance analysis and correlation analysis (Pearson coefficient). The largest differences in the indicators in the group with a low level of value-intentional coherence indicator were observed in relation to values “conformity” (rank difference 2.16), “stimulation” (1.73), “universalism” (0.9), “achievement” (0.83), “independence” (0.77), “traditions” (0.61) For other values difference was less than 0.5. The largest differences in indicators in the group with high level of value-intentional coherence indicator (IVC) were observed for values “universalism” (1.01), “stimulation” (0.64), “achievement” (0.5). For the remaining values difference was less than 0.5. Assessment of safety culture revealed that below threshold of agreement (75%) were results on the scale “Recognition (understanding) of stress” in all groups of respondents. On indicator “Working conditions” below level of agreement were results of groups with low and high levels of value-intentional consistency indicator. Below threshold of agreement (75%) were results of responses to the question about the relationship with clinical pharmacologists in all groups of respondents. The value-intentional coherence index can be applied only concerning each single worker. The qualitative analysis of IVC indicator should both include its comparison at the level of normative ideals and behavioral priorities of values and to consider the spread between ranks. The values “stimulation” and “achievement” have no effect on manifestation of attitude to safety culture of medical organization. The key personal values associated with manifestations of safety culture are “power”, “autonomy” and “conformality”.

PMID:37898890 | DOI:10.32687/0869-866X-2023-31-5-996-1002

Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2023 Sep;31(5):984-989. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2023-31-5-984-989.

ABSTRACT

The actual problem of health care in many regions of Russia are cardiovascular diseases. The valuation and monitoring study of prevalence of this class of diseases was implemented in the Kamchatka Kray. The study was based on official statistic data of general morbidity of adult and children population with circulatory system diseases in 2010-2021. The application of GIS-technologies permitted to implement territorially differentiated evaluation and monitoring of prevalence of circulatory system diseases. The increase of indicators and percentage of circulatory system diseases in the structure of general morbidity of adults was established. The children population of the region is characterized by decreasing of indicators of morbidity of cardio-vascular diseases. The space-time discontinuity of prevalence of these diseases in territories of the Kamchatka Kray. The study results were visualized in series of cartograms. The situation with cardio-vascular morbidity in the Kamchatka Kray has territorial differences: increased level of morbidity in central and distant regions and decreased one south regions. The obtained information can be applied in implementation of regional project of struggle with cardio-vascular diseases.

PMID:37898888 | DOI:10.32687/0869-866X-2023-31-5-984-989

Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2023 Sep;31(5):960-964. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2023-31-5-960-964.

ABSTRACT

The occupational safety is one of the important conditions of efficient work of physician. The purpose of the study is to analyze how physicians assess conditions of their professional activity. The sociological survey of 404 physicians working in state and commercial medical organizations of Voronezh was carried out using specially designed questionnaire. The analytical and mathematical statistical research methods were applied. The survey established that 52.6% of respondents considered their working conditions as completely safe and 35.2% considered that they were rather safe. At that, there were no significant differences in opinion on this issue among therapists and surgeons, as well as among ones working in in-patient and out-patient conditions. However, in private medical organizations, 62.5% of respondents working in-patient conditions and 33.3% working in out-patient conditions considered their work as completely safe. The main factor of possible violation of safety of their professional activities was intensity of labor process, associated, among other things, with greater responsibility for patients. The majority of respondents (89.1%) reported presence of certain stressful situations in course of their professional activities. This opinion did not depend on gender/ At that, surgeons indicated more frequently presence of these situations (63.2% and 51.3%). The surgeons more often than therapists indicated importance of such factors as personal qualities of character, level of motivation, specialty, age and work experience. The identified characteristics of assessment of working conditions by physicians are recommended to consider in development of improving measures.

PMID:37898884 | DOI:10.32687/0869-866X-2023-31-5-960-964

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2023 Oct 1;24(10):3621-3628. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.10.3621.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are important immunological components in response to cancers. Patients with higher numbers of TIL in breast cancerous tissues, comprising T- cytotoxic and T – helper cells along with B- and rare natural killer (NK) cells, have more favorable clinical outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the rate of the expressed surface biomarker proteins of CD20-B cells and CD56- NK cells on the infiltrative lymphocytic subpopulations in a group of breast tumorous tissues (invasive and benign) from female patients in Iraq and explore the relations to the grade of the invasive breast cancerous tissues.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred and 75 archived breast tissues were enrolled in this retrospective research: 100 archived breast from female patients with invasive breast cancers (BC) [20 well differentiated BC tissues; 48 moderately differentiated BC and 32 poorly differentiated BC tissues]; 50 tissue biopsies from female patients with benign breast tumors and 25 apparently normal individuals with healthy breast tissues (included as the control group for this study). Immunohistochemistry was achieved for the detection of the expressed surface biomarker proteins related to B cell CD20 and NK cell CD56 present on the infiltrative lymphocytic subpopulations in breast tissues by using specific primary antibodies for these proteins via utilizing an immune-enzymatic antigen detection system.

RESULTS: The detection of IHC reactions for the expressed B cell CD20 – cell surface ( CD) biomarker proteins were observed in 53 out of 100 (53.0%) BC tissues, and in 24 out of 50 (48.0%) benign breast tumorous tissues, while CD20- positive cell surface markers was detected in apparently healthy breast tissues of the control group in a percentage of 32.0% (8 out of 25 tissues). Statistical significant differences (P<0.05) between both groups of malignant and benign breast tumors and the control group were found. However, between breast malignant and benign tumor groups, no significant difference was found ( p >0.05). Detection of CD56- IHC reactions revealed in 14% (14 out of 100 BC tissues), in 16% (8 out of 50 benign breast tissues) and none of control breast tissues revealed CD56- IHC reactions. Among all the enrolled groups, no significant differences (P>0.05) were detected.

CONCLUSIONS: The observed significant rates that showed highly significant differences between both studied groups of breast malignant and benign tumor in comparison to the control group indicate that the CD20- positive infiltrative B cell- lymphocytic subpopulations might contributed in the defense against these subsets of benign and malignant breast tumors. However, the observed rates of NK cell CD56 present on the lymphocytic subpopulations infiltrating the examined malignant and benign breast tumorous tissues seeming to play irrelevant roles in the defense against these studied breast tumor groups.

PMID:37898871 | DOI:10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.10.3621

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2023 Oct 1;24(10):3537-3542. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.10.3537.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of an in-service training program on nurses’ performance in minimizing chemotherapy extravasation.

METHOD: Quasi-experimental (Pre /Posttest) research design was utilized to conduct this study. The study was conducted at the internal medical oncology departments at South Egypt Cancer Institute. A convenience sample was used to select all available nurses working in medical oncology departments (40) nurses. Data was collected by using a pre/post questionnaire sheet for nurses’ knowledge, Pre/post observation checklist for nurses’ practice, and an in-service nursing training program on nurses’ knowledge and practice for minimizing chemotherapy extravasation.

RESULTS: The majority of nurses have attained any training program related to chemotherapy extravasation in their last 10 years of educational and professional training, There was a Positive correlation between nurses’ knowledge scores pre and post-implementation of in-service training program with ±SD mean 23.77±.97 and with P. value <0.001** There were highly statistical significant differences between total score checklist nurses’ practice pre/ post implementation of in-service training program on nurses to minimize chemotherapy extravasation through mean 234.97± .15 and Value < 0.001**.

CONCLUSION: The In-service training program had statistically significant improvement on totally nurses’ knowledge and practice on minimizing chemotherapy extravasation.

PMID:37898860 | DOI:10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.10.3537

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2023 Oct 1;24(10):3487-3494. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.10.3487.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: High-grade gliomas are highly fatal disease with poor prognosis despite multimodality management. Inflammatory biomarkers are widely used for prognostication in various solid malignancies to stratify high risk patients. The current research was conducted to investigate whether any change in neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) during adjuvant chemoradiotherapy has any prognostic significance in high-grade glioma patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-three biopsy proven high-grade glioma patients treated with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy were enrolled in this study. Haematological parameters were collected before treatment, weekly during treatment, and at 4th week after chemoradiotherapy along with baseline characteristics. Overall survival (OS) was determined using Kaplan-Meier curve. Variables found statistically significant in univariate analysis by Cox regression model were subjected to final multivariable analysis.

RESULTS: The median follow-up was around 17 months with a median OS of 17.2 months (95%CI 14.7-23). The best prognosis was seen in patients who had a baseline NLR< 3.5 with decline in NLR during treatment achieving a 1-year survival of 100% and median overall survival of 36.5 months. Patients who had baseline NLR ≥3.5 without a decline in NLR had worst prognosis with a 1-year survival of 25% (95%CI 9.4%-66.6%) and median OS of 7.1 months. On multivariate analysis, age [HR 1.025, p=0.040)], ECOG performance status≤1 [HR 0.089, p<0.001], extent of surgery [HR 0.305, p=0.001] and decline in NLR during treatment [HR 0.452, p=0.026] were found to be significant predictors of OS.

CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that NLR is a cost-effective biomarker that has prognostic significance in predicting overall survival for high-grade glioma patients.

PMID:37898854 | DOI:10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.10.3487

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2023 Oct 1;24(10):3467-3475. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.10.3467.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Testing for EGFR, ALK, ROS1 and MET alterations in paired tissue and plasma samples of treatment-naïve patients of NSCLC and correlating their status with overall survival.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred treatment-naïve patients were recruited after obtaining informed consent. Ten ml of blood was collected within a period of two weeks from histological diagnosis, prior to the start of any treatment. DNA & RNA extraction was done from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue and total cell-free nucleic acid extraction was done from plasma samples. EGFR mutation, ALK, ROS1 and MET rearrangements were tested by ARMS (Amplification Refractory Mutation System) PCR. All statistical analyses were conducted in R version 4.1.1.

RESULTS: A total of 61 cases showed molecular alterations in tissue samples which included EGFR mutations (47), ALK rearrangements (12), ROS1 fusion (2). MET alteration was not detected. Forty-three cases showed EGFR mutations in plasma, 26 of which were concurrently positive in tissue. Concordance observed was 62%. ALK-EML4 rearrangement, ROS1 fusion and MET were not detected in plasma samples. Sensitivity and specificity for detection of EGFR mutation in plasma were 55.3% and 67.9% respectively. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed a positive association between EGFR mutation in tissue and overall survival (HR = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2-0.7; p = 0.003) and improved overall survival in those who received targeted therapy (HR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.1-0.8; p = 0.02).

CONCLUSION: Concurrent testing in tissue and liquid biopsy in NSCLC increased the detection of EGFR mutations (47% to 64%). This has substantial implications in deciding treatment and administration targeted therapy and the consequent overall survival.

PMID:37898852 | DOI:10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.10.3467

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2023 Oct 1;24(10):3429-3436. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.10.3429.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer (CC) ranks fourth among cancers diagnosed around the world, but early detection and treatment can reduce invasive cervical cancer and mortality. Screening programs (CCSP), such as the one covering Thailand’s 75 provinces, use histology to confirm cases. The study determined the incidence rate (IR) and investigated the factors associated with non-histologically proven invasive cancer of the uterine cervix (non-HPICUC) with an abnormal pap smear from the CCSP at Mahasarakham Hospital, Thailand.

METHODS: The CCSP was used to analyse a retrospective cohort of 288 women between 30 and 60 years of age. All abnormal pap smears were followed up until April 30, 2022. We estimated the IR and assessed the relationship between various independent variables and non-HPICUC using the generalised linear model (GLM) for testing association data. We reported the adjusted RR and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).

RESULTS: 260 non-HPICUC cases had abnormal CCSP pap smears for an overall IR of 90.0 (95% CI: 86.3 – 93.2). After adjusting the model for all variables, age at recruitment and pregnancy had a statistically significant association with non-HPICUC (p-value < 0.05). We found that the risk of non-HPICUC increased 1.02 times for every 20-year increment in age compared to below that age (adjusted RR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.01 – 1.04). Pregnancy at risk for non-HPICUC was 0.89 times compared to non-pregnancy (adjusted RR=0.89, 95% CI: 0.80 – 0.99). Pathological vaginal discharge (PVD) did not have a statistically significant association with non-HPICUC (p-value = 0.094); notwithstanding, women with PVD had 1.08 times the risk of non-HPICUC compared to women without PVD (adjusted RR=1.08, 95% CI: 0.97 – 1.20).

CONCLUSIONS: Based on an abnormal pap smear from the CCS Program at Mahasarakham Hospital Thailand, age and pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of non-HPICUC. High-risk groups with abnormal pap smears should be targeted for CC campaigns.

PMID:37898847 | DOI:10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.10.3429

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2023 Oct 1;24(10):3361-3371. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.10.3361.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, ongoing demographic changes will lead to an increase in the number of deaths from breast cancer (BC) per year in the vast majority of regions. In 2040 it is expected that 1.04 million people worldwide will die from this malignancy, including 2,380 women in Kazakhstan.

METHODS: The retrospective study (2009-2018) was done using descriptive and analytical methods of oncoepidemiology. The extensive, crude and age-specific incidence rates are determined according to the generally accepted methodology used in sanitary statistics. The data were used to calculate the average percentage change (APС) using the Joinpoint regression analysis to determine the trend over the study period.

RESULTS: During 10 years 12,958 women died from BC. An average age of the death was 61.6 years (95%CI=60.6-62.6) and tended to increase (APC=+0.6%, R2=0.6117). Age-specific rates had a bimodal increase with peak rates at 70-74 years – 76.7±5.5 (APC=+3.4%, R2=0.2656) and 80-84 years – 78.0±9.1 (APC=+3.7%, R2=0.0875). The age-standardized rate was 13.9 per 100,000 of female population, and the trend has decreased. When compiling thematic maps, mortality rates were determined on the basis of standardized indicators: low – up to 12.5, average – from 12.5 to 15.2, high – above 15.2 per 100,000. The results of the spatial analysis showed the regions with a higher levels of BC mortality rate per 100,000: Pavlodar (16.9), Almaty (19.2) and Astana cities (19.3).

CONCLUSIONS: Age-standardized mortality rates had a strong downward trend (APC=-4.0%, R2=0.9218). The decrease mostly is due to a large coverage of the population by mammography screening and to an improvement in the effectiveness of breast cancer treatment.

PMID:37898839 | DOI:10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.10.3361