Tag: nevin manimala

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Oct 27. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-30530-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In Iran, similar to other developing countries, groundwater quality has been seriously threatened. Therefore, this study aimed to apply Machine Learning Algorithms (MLAs) in Groundwater Quality Modeling (GQM) and determine the optimal algorithm using the Best-Worst Method (BWM) in Ardabil province, Iran. Groundwater quality parameters included calcium (Ca²⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺), sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), chlorine (Cl^–), sulfate (SO₄^–), total dissolved solids (TDS), bicarbonate (HCO₃^–), electrical conductivity (EC), and acidity (pH). In the following, seven MLAs, including Support Vector Regression (SVR), Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree Regressor (DTR), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Naïve Bayes, Simple Linear Regression (SLR), and Support Vector Machine (SVM), were used in the Python programming language, and groundwater quality was modeled. Finally, BWM was used to validate the results of MLAs. The results of examining the error statistics in determining the optimal algorithm in groundwater quality modeling showed that the RF algorithm with values of MAE = 0.28, MSE = 0.12, RMSE = 0.35, and AUC = 0.93 was selected as the most optimal MLA. The Schoeller diagram also showed that various ion ratios, including Na⁺K, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl^–, and HCO₃+CO₃, in most of the sampled points had upward average values. Based on the results of the BWM method, it can be concluded that a great similarity was observed between the results of the RF algorithm and the classification of the BWM method. These results showed that more than 50% of the studied area had low quality based on hydro-chemical parameters of groundwater quality. The findings of this research can assist managers and planners in developing suitable management models and implementing appropriate strategies for the optimal exploitation of groundwater resources.

PMID:37889408 | DOI:10.1007/s11356-023-30530-8

Doc Ophthalmol. 2023 Oct 27. doi: 10.1007/s10633-023-09956-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of the photopic negative response (PhNR) elicited by red-blue (RB) and white-white (WW) stimuli, for detection of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) dysfunction in a heterogeneous clinical cohort.

METHODS: Adults referred for electrophysiological investigations were recruited consecutively for this single-centre, prospective, paired diagnostic accuracy study. PhNRs were recorded to red flashes (1.5 cd·s·m^-2) on a blue background (10 cd·m^-2) and to white flashes on a white background (the latter being the ISCEV standard LA 3 stimulus). PhNR results were compared with a reference test battery assessing RGC/optic nerve structure and function including optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and mean RGC volume measurements, fundus photography, pattern electroretinography and visual evoked potentials. Primary outcome measures were differences in sensitivity and specificity of the two PhNR methods.

RESULTS: Two hundred and forty-three participants were initially enrolled, with 200 (median age 54; range 18-95; female 65%) meeting inclusion criteria. Sensitivity was 53% (95% confidence intervals [CI] 39% to 68%) and 62% (95% CI 48% to 76%), for WW and RB PhNRs, respectively. Specificity was 80% (95% CI 74% to 86%) and 78% (95% CI 72% to 85%), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between sensitivities (p = 0.046) but not specificities (p = 0.08) of the two methods. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) values were 0.73 for WW and 0.74 for RB PhNRs.

CONCLUSION: PhNRs to red flashes on a blue background may be more sensitive than white-on-white stimuli, but there is no significant difference between specificities. This study highlights the value and potential convenience of using white-on-white stimuli, already used widely for routine ERG assessment.

PMID:37889400 | DOI:10.1007/s10633-023-09956-5

Obes Surg. 2023 Oct 27. doi: 10.1007/s11695-023-06908-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Patients after metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) require attention to maintain energy balance and avoid weight regain. Predictive equations for resting energy expenditure (REE) and total energy expenditure (TEE) are needed since gold standard methods like calorimetry and doubly labeled water are rarely available in routine clinical practice. This study aimed to determine which predictive equation for REE and TEE has the lowest bias in subjects after MBS.

METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and CENTRAL searches were performed. Meta-analyses were performed with the data calculated by the predictive equations and measured by the gold standard methods for those equations that had at least two studies with these data. The DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model and the I² statistic were used to quantify heterogeneity in the quantitative analyses. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist.

RESULTS: Seven studies were included. The present study found that the Mifflin St. Jeor (1990) equation had the lowest bias (mean difference = – 39.71 kcal [95%CI = – 128.97; 49.55]) for calculating REE in post-BS individuals. The Harris-Benedict (1919) equation also yielded satisfactory results (mean difference = – 54.60 kcal [95%CI = – 87.92; – 21.28]).

CONCLUSION: The predictive equation of Mifflin St. Jeor (1990) was the one that showed the lowest bias for calculating the REE of patients following MBS.

PMID:37889369 | DOI:10.1007/s11695-023-06908-5

J Magn Reson Imaging. 2023 Oct 27. doi: 10.1002/jmri.29106. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Oscillating gradient diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) enables elucidation of microstructural characteristics in cancers; however, there are limited data to evaluate its utility in patients with endometrial cancer.

PURPOSE: To investigate the utility of oscillating gradient DWI for risk stratification in patients with uterine endometrial cancer compared with conventional pulsed gradient DWI.

STUDY TYPE: Retrospective.

SUBJECTS: Sixty-three women (mean age: 58 [range: 32-85] years) with endometrial cancer.

FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 3 T MRI including DWI using oscillating gradient spin-echo (OGSE) and pulsed gradient spin-echo (PGSE) research sequences.

ASSESSMENT: Mean value of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values for OGSE (ADC_OGSE ) and PGSE (ADC_PGSE ) as well as the ADC ratio (ADC_OGSE /ADC_PGSE ) within endometrial cancer were measured using regions of interest. Prognostic factors (histological grade, deep myometrial invasion, lymphovascular invasion, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO] stage, and prognostic risk classification) were tabulated.

STATISTICAL TESTS: Interobserver agreement was analyzed by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient. The associations of ADC_OGSE , ADC_PGSE , and ADC_OGSE /ADC_PGSE with prognostic factors were examined using the Kendall rank correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney U test, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. A P value of <0.05 was statistically significant.

RESULTS: Compared with ADC_OGSE and ADC_PGSE , ADC_OGSE /ADC_PGSE was significantly and strongly correlated with histological grade (observer 1, τ = 0.563; observer 2, τ = 0.456), FIGO stage (observer 1, τ = 0.354; observer 2, τ = 0.324), and prognostic risk classification (observer 1, τ = 0.456; observer 2, τ = 0.385). The area under the ROC curves of ADC_OGSE /ADC_PGSE for histological grade (observer 1, 0.92, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 0.83-0.98; observer 2, 0.84, 95% CI: 0.73-0.92) and prognostic risk (observer 1, 0.80, 95% CI: 0.68-0.89; observer 2, 0.76, 95% CI: 0.63-0.86) were significantly higher than that of ADC_OGSE and ADC_PGSE .

DATA CONCLUSION: The ADC ratio obtained via oscillating gradient and pulsed gradient DWIs might be useful imaging biomarkers for risk stratification in patients with endometrial cancer.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.

PMID:37886909 | DOI:10.1002/jmri.29106

Int J Eat Disord. 2023 Oct 27. doi: 10.1002/eat.24078. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Digital interventions show promise as an effective prevention or self-management option for eating disorders (EDs). However, it remains unclear how, for whom, and through what mechanisms they work in this population, as a synthesis of outcome predictors, moderators, and mediators is lacking. This systematic review synthesized empirical research investigating predictors, mediators, and moderators of response to digital interventions for EDs.

METHOD: Six databases were searched (PROSPERO CRD42022295565) for studies that assessed predictors, moderators, or mediators of response (i.e., uptake, drop-out, engagement, and symptom level change) to a digital prevention or treatment program for EDs. Variables were grouped into several overarching categories (demographic, symptom severity, psychological, etc.) and were synthesized qualitatively across samples without a formally diagnosed ED (typically prevention-focused) and samples with a formally diagnosed ED (typically treatment-focused).

RESULTS: Eighty-six studies were included. For studies recruiting samples without a formal diagnosis (n = 70 studies), most predictors explored were statistically unrelated to outcome, although participant age, baseline symptom severity, confidence to change, motivation, and program engagement showed preliminary evidence of prognostic potential. No robust moderators or mediators were identified. Few studies recruiting samples with a formal diagnosis emerged (n = 16), of which no reliable predictors, moderators, or mediators were identified.

DISCUSSION: It remains unclear how, for whom, and under what circumstances digital programs targeting EDs work. We offer several recommendations for future research with the aim of advancing understanding of client characteristics and intervention elements that signal success from this intervention modality.

PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE: Digital interventions have shown potential as an effective, scalable, and accessible intervention option for EDs. However, responsiveness varies, so advancing understanding of predictors, mediators, and moderators of outcome to digital interventions for EDs is needed. Such knowledge is important for enabling safe and efficient treatment matching, and for informing future development of effective digital interventions.

PMID:37886906 | DOI:10.1002/eat.24078

Agri. 2023 Oct;35(4):228-235. doi: 10.14744/agri.2022.48992.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To reduce the drug side effects and facilitate the emergence from anesthesia after complex spine surgery, various methods have been proposed. One of these methods is ESPB, which has been less studied. Hence, we conducted this study to evaluate the effectiveness of ESPB on the use of anesthetic drugs in lumbar spine surgery.

METHODS: In this study, 70 patients undergoing lumbar spine fusion surgery were studied. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: the case group (n=35), in which bilateral ESPB was done, and the control group (n=35). After standard anesthesia protocols, anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in both groups. Intraoperative isoflurane and perioperative opioid consumption were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 21.

RESULTS: Intraoperative use of fentanyl in the case group was significantly lower than the control group (14.29±21.5 vs. 65.96±73.33 µg, p<0.001). Furthermore, isoflurane consumption in the intervention group compared to the controls was significantly lower (20.71±5.02 versus 28.83±8.68 mL, p<0.001). Moreover, the emergence time was significantly shorter in the case group than in the control group (8.49±4.30 minutes versus 15.00±4.94, p<0.001). In the post-anesthesia care unit 1 h after surgery, the pain scores in the case group were significantly lower than the controls (p<0.001).

CONCLUSION: ESPB under ultrasound guidance is an effective method of regional anesthesia/analgesia for lumbar spine surgery (fusion) by decreasing the consumption of anesthetics during and following the surgery.

PMID:37886866 | DOI:10.14744/agri.2022.48992

Agri. 2023 Oct;35(4):244-253. doi: 10.14744/agri.2022.55798.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The aim is to determine the pain beliefs and related factors of cancer patients.

METHODS: The study was designed as a descriptive and analytical type. It was completed between January and June 2019 with 100 individuals who were 18 years of age or older, who were receiving chemotherapy, and who agreed to participate in the study. Data were collected using a patient information form, a pain assessment form, and the Pain Beliefs Scale.

RESULTS: In the results of the regression analysis, the psychological belief scores of those who acted nervously were statistically 0.408 points higher than those who acted calmly. Organic beliefs scores were statistically 0.814 points and 0.599 points higher in basically literate and primary school graduates, respectively, compared to university graduates. They were 0.372 points higher for those whose income was less than their expenditure compared to those whose income was balanced with their expenditure, 0.414 points higher in those who had experienced pain in the last 6 months compared to those who had not, and 0.561 points higher in those who did not use non-pharmacological methods in pain control compared to those who did. Those who expressed pain verbally were found to have points that were 0.447 higher than those who did not say they had pain.

CONCLUSION: Based on the results obtained, it is recommended that cancer patients be given training that will improve self-management and self-efficacy with cognitive-behavioral methods, taking into account their pain beliefs and affecting factors, in order for them to be successful in pain management.

PMID:37886863 | DOI:10.14744/agri.2022.55798

Agri. 2023 Oct;35(4):254-264. doi: 10.14744/agri.2022.01709.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of the Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) block applied to reduce postoperative pain in laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery by ultrasonography (USG) and laparoscopy.

METHODS: A total of 170 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy were divided into three groups. Group L received TAP block by laparoscopy, Group U received TAP block by USG, and the control group (Group C) did not receive TAP block. Bilateral subcostal 15 mL 0.5% bupivacaine was used for the TAP block. We recorded patients’ demographic data and hemodynamic parameters, surgery time, anesthesia time, time of first postoperative analgesic need, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, time to first flatulence and stool, degree of nausea-vomiting, and the Turkish Revised American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire (APS-POQ-R-T) scores.

RESULTS: We observed no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of age, gender, or American Society of Anesthesiologists scores, and body mass index was higher in Group U compared to the other groups (p<0.05). The VAS score was significantly higher in the control group at all times compared to the other two groups (p<0.001). VAS measurements were higher in Group U at postoperative 1st and 12th h compared to Group L (p<0.001). Surgery time and anesthesia time were significantly different between the groups (p=0.001). Group C showed high VAS scores, high pain severity by APS-POQ-R-T at the 24th postoperative hour, and low sleep quality and patient satisfaction.

CONCLUSION: For laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery, applying TAP block with the help of USG is effective in postoperative pain management. Applying TAP block with laparoscopy is easy since it does not require additional preparation or equipment during the procedure and may be preferred in the absence of a USG device.

PMID:37886858 | DOI:10.14744/agri.2022.01709

Glob Health Action. 2023 Dec 31;16(1):2269736. doi: 10.1080/16549716.2023.2269736. Epub 2023 Oct 27.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The burden of maternal morbidity in neonatal outcomes can vary with the adequacy of healthcare provision and tool implementation to improve monitoring. Such information is lacking in Latin American countries, where the decrease in severe maternal morbidity and maternal death remains challenging.

OBJECTIVES: To determine neonatal outcomes according to maternal characteristics, including different degrees of maternal morbidity in Latin American health facilities.

METHODS: This is a secondary cross-sectional analysis of the Perinatal Information System (SIP) database from eight health facilities in five Latin American and Caribbean countries. Participants were all women delivering from August 2018 to June 2021, excluding cases of abortion, multiple pregnancies and missing information on perinatal outcomes. As primary and secondary outcome measures, neonatal near miss and neonatal death were measured according to maternal/pregnancy characteristics and degrees of maternal morbidity. Estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (PRadj) with their respective 95% CIs were reported.

RESULTS: In total 85,863 live births were included, with 1,250 neonatal near miss (NNM) cases and 695 identified neonatal deaths. NNM and neonatal mortality ratios were 14.6 and 8.1 per 1,000 live births, respectively. Conditions independently associated with a NNM or neonatal death were the need for neonatal resuscitation (PR_adj 16.73, 95% CI [13.29-21.05]), being single (PR_adj 1.45, 95% CI [1.32-1.59]), maternal near miss or death (PR_adj 1.64, 95% CI [1.14-2.37]), preeclampsia (PR_adj 3.02, 95% CI [1.70-5.35]), eclampsia/HELPP (PR_adj 1.50, 95% CI [1.16-1.94]), maternal age (years) (PR_adj 1.01, 95% CI [<1.01-1.02]), major congenital anomalies (PR_adj 3.21, 95% CI [1.43-7.23]), diabetes (PR_adj 1.49, 95% CI [1.11-1.98]) and cardiac disease (PR_adj 1.65, 95% CI [1.14-2.37]).

CONCLUSION: Maternal morbidity leads to worse neonatal outcomes, especially in women suffering maternal near miss or death. Based on SIP/PAHO database all these indicators may be helpful for routine situation monitoring in Latin America with the purpose of policy changes and improvement of maternal and neonatal health.

PMID:37886828 | DOI:10.1080/16549716.2023.2269736

Hum Reprod. 2023 Oct 26:dead222. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dead222. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

STUDY QUESTION: Are cumulative pregnancy rates better if supernumerary embryos are vitrified on Day 5/6 instead of Day 3?

SUMMARY ANSWER: The results do not show a significant difference in cumulative pregnancy rates between the Day 3 and Day 5/6 vitrification groups.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Pregnancy and live birth rates following IVF or ICSI treatment are higher after extended embryo culture and blastocyst transfer (Day 5/6) compared to cleavage-stage (Day 3) transfer. Cumulative pregnancy rates from one oocyte retrieval (OR) cycle show no significant difference after fresh and frozen embryo transfers, but only one study has used vitrification for the cryopreservation of supernumerary embryos while four studies have used a slow freezing protocol.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: Our prospective randomized controlled trial was performed in an academic centre between January 2018 and August 2020. Patients were randomized into vitrification Day 3 (n = 80) or Day 5/6 (n = 81) groups. The primary outcome was the cumulative ongoing pregnancy rate (cOPR), considering only the first pregnancy for each couple. The power calculation revealed that 75 patients were required in each group, when assuming a 50% cOPR with four embryo transfers in the vitrification Day 3 group vs two transfers in the vitrification Day 5/6 group.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Patients <38 years undergoing their first or second OR cycles were randomized at the start of the first cycle. Up to two cycles were included in the analysis. A fresh embryo transfer was performed on Day 3. Supernumerary embryos (with ≥6 cells, <25% fragmentation, and equal blastomeres) or blastocysts (with expansion grade ≥2 with inner cell mass and trophectoderm score A/B) were vitrified on Day 3 or Day 5/6, respectively, and then transferred at a later date. A time-to-event analysis was performed with the patient’s first ongoing pregnancy as the event of interest and the number of embryo transfers as the time component. The statistical comparison was performed by a Cox proportional hazards model. Cumulative costs of vitrification on Day 3 vs Day 5/6 were explored and compared using Mann-Whitney U tests.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: By December 2021, 233 transfers (96 fresh and 137 frozen) in 77 patients were performed in the vitrification Day 3 group and 201 transfers (88 fresh and 113 frozen) in 77 patients were performed in the vitrification Day 5/6 group. The time-to-event analysis did not show a difference between the two arms with regard to the patient’s first ongoing pregnancy as the primary study outcome (hazard ratio [HR] 1.25, 95% CI 0.82; 1.92, P = 0.30). The cumulative ongoing pregnancy rate after eight transfers (from one or two ORs) was 57% in the vitrification Day 3 group vs 58% in the vitrification Day 5/6 group. The median number of embryo transfers until a pregnancy was achieved was five vs four, respectively, in the vitrification Day 3 group vs the Day 5/6 group. Similar results were found for the secondary study outcome, i.e. clinical pregnancy with foetal heart rate (HR 1.19, 95% CI 0.78; 1.80, P = 0.41). The cumulative clinical pregnancy rate (cCPR) after eight embryo transfers was 62% in the vitrification Day 3 group vs 59% in the vitrification Day 5/6 group. The median number of transfers until a pregnancy was achieved was four in both groups. The healthcare consumption pattern differed between the two groups and we observed higher costs for the vitrification Day 3 group compared to the vitrification Day 5/6 group, although these differences were not statistically significant.

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: Although our power calculation revealed that only 75 patients were needed in each study group (β = 0.87, α < 0.05), the numbers were low. Also, different numbers of single and double embryo transfers were performed between the two groups, which may have affected the results. The cost analysis was performed on a subset of the patients and is therefore exploratory.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: Our study shows no difference in the cumulative pregnancy rate nor costs after fresh and frozen embryo transfers of at most two sequential OR cycles between the Day 3 and Day 5/6 vitrification groups; however, obstetric and perinatal outcomes should be taken into account to determine the best strategy.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): This study was funded as an investigator-sponsored study of S.D. by Merck nv/sa Belgium, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, and by Gedeon Richter Benelux (PA18-0162). The authors declare no conflict of interest related to this study.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04196036.

TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE: 15 January 2018.

DATE OF FIRST PATIENT’S ENROLMENT: 15 January 2018.

PMID:37886820 | DOI:10.1093/humrep/dead222