Tag: nevin manimala

Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2023 Oct 2. doi: 10.1097/YIC.0000000000000516. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Information on patterns of prescription of long-acting injection (LAI) antipsychotics among people who are incarcerated is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate prescribing rates for first-generation antipsychotic (FGA)-LAI versus second-generation antipsychotic (SGA)-LAI and to identify the factors associated with the prescription of one of the two classes of LAI. A cross-sectional study was conducted among incarcerated adult males hosted in Monza detention center between January 2013 and April 2023. Socio-demographic and clinical data were retrospectively collected. Descriptive and univariate statistics as well as logistic regression analyses were performed. Data were available for 135 consecutive incarcerated adult males with different mental disorders who received a LAI as part of their treatment. 75.6% of our sample was treated with FGA-LAIs, with haloperidol as the most commonly prescribed drug, followed by zuclopentixol and aripiprazole. Diagnosis of bipolar disorder and concomitant administration of antidepressants were statistically significant predictors of SGA-LAI prescription. Some patients’ characteristics may influence prescription patterns in prison. Further longitudinal studies with larger samples should confirm these findings.

PMID:37781763 | DOI:10.1097/YIC.0000000000000516

Clin Transl Radiat Oncol. 2023 Sep 17;43:100678. doi: 10.1016/j.ctro.2023.100678. eCollection 2023 Nov.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most common cancers in the USA, and their incidence is rising. Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is commonly performed to excise NMSCs. MMS replaced superficial radiotherapy (SRT) as a first line treatment, given its superior efficacy. Image-guided superficial radiation therapy (IGSRT) was invented to improve the precision of SRT. This study investigates how the 2-year recurrence probability of IGSRT-treated NMSCs compares to that of MMS-treated lesions.

METHODS: This retrospective cohort study compared the 2-year recurrence probability of early stage NMSCs (squamous and basal cell carcinomas (SCCs and BCCs)) treated by IGSRT (2,286 lesions) to data on NMSCs treated by MMS (5,391 lesions) via one sample proportion tests. Medical Subject Headings were used to search PubMed for reports of 2-year recurrence probability rates of NMSCs treated by MMS. Seventeen studies were screened; 14 studies were excluded for lack of 2-year time to event analysis, or irrelevant patient population (non-BCC/SCC study, advanced disease), leaving 3 studies for comparison.

RESULTS: IGSRT-treated NMSCs have a statistically significantly improved 2-year recurrence probability than those treated by MMS, P < 0.001 for pooled data.

CONCLUSION: The 2-year recurrence probability IGSRT-treated NMSCs is superior to MMS-treated and supports IGSRT as an effective treatment option for individuals with early stage NMSCs.

PMID:37781716 | PMC:PMC10539860 | DOI:10.1016/j.ctro.2023.100678

Front Pharmacol. 2023 Sep 14;14:1088670. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1088670. eCollection 2023.

ABSTRACT

Objective: PB-119, a PEGylated exenatide injection, is a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of PB-119 on insulin resistance and beta-cell function in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to uncover its antidiabetic characteristics. Methods: A total of 36 Chinese T2DM patients were randomized to receive 25 μg and 50 μg PB-119 once weekly and exenatide (5-10 μg injected under the skin 2 times a day adjusted by the doctor) for 12 weeks. Oral mixed meal tolerance tests were conducted before the study and on Day 79. The data were fitted to estimate beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity parameters using the SAAM II package integrating the oral minimal model (OMM), which was compared with Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) analysis results. Results: Exenatide or PB-119 treatment, compared with their baseline, was associated with higher beta-cell function parameters (φ_b, φ_s and φ_tot), disposition index, insulin secretion rates, and a lower glucose area under the curve. High-dose PB-119 also has a higher insulin resistance parameter (SI) than the baseline, but HOMA-IR did not. For the homeostatic model assessment parameters, HOMA-IR showed no statistically significant changes within or between treatments. Only high-dose PB-119 improved HOMA-β after 12 weeks of treatment. Conclusion: After 12 weeks of treatment, PB-119 decreased glycemic levels by improving beta-cell function and insulin resistance.

PMID:37781697 | PMC:PMC10539604 | DOI:10.3389/fphar.2023.1088670

Metabol Open. 2023 Sep 21;20:100257. doi: 10.1016/j.metop.2023.100257. eCollection 2023 Dec.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: This exploratory review article describes about the genetic factors behind Alzheimer’s disease (AD), their association with foods, and their relationships with cognitive impairment. It explores the dietary patterns and economic challenges in AD prevention.

METHODS: Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for articles that examined the relationships between Diets, Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), and Socioeconomic conditions in preventative Alzheimer’s disease studies. Graphs and Network analysis data were taken from Scopus under the MeSH search method, including words, Alzheimer’s, APoE4, Tau protein, APP, Amyloid precursor protein, Beta-Amyloid, Aβ, Mediterranean Diet, MD, DASH diet, MIND diet, SES, Socioeconomic, Developed country, Underdeveloped country, Preventions. The network analysis was done through VOS viewer.

RESULTS: Mediterranean diet (MD) accurately lowers AD (Alzheimer’s Disease) risk to 53% and 35% for people who follow it moderately. MIND scores had a statistically significant reduction in AD rate compared to those in the lowest tertial (53% and 35% reduction, respectively). Subjects with the highest adherence to the MD and DASH had a 54% and 39% lower risk of developing AD, respectively, compared to those in the lowest tertial. Omega-6, PUFA, found in nuts and fish, can play most roles in the clearance of Aβ. Vitamin D inhibits induced fibrillar Aβ apoptosis. However, the high cost of these diet components rise doubt about the effectiveness of AD prevention through healthy diets.

CONCLUSION: The finding of this study revealed an association between diet and the effects of the chemical components of foods on AD biomarkers. More research is required to see if nutrition is a risk or a protective factor for Alzheimer’s disease to encourage research to be translated into therapeutic practice and to clarify nutritional advice.

PMID:37781687 | PMC:PMC10539673 | DOI:10.1016/j.metop.2023.100257

J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob. 2023 Jul 5;2(4):100138. doi: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100138. eCollection 2023 Nov.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There is currently little research into factors predicting the results of an initial diagnostic oral food challenge (OFC) test for food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES).

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to identify predictors of the diagnosis of hen’s egg yolk-induced FPIES (HEY-FPIES).

METHODS: The present monocentric study was performed at Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center and included patients who underwent hen’s egg yolk OFC (HEY-OFC) between March 2018 and March 2023 to assess for HEY-FPIES. The baseline characteristics of the groups and HEY-OFC positivity or negativity were then compared. Univariate analysis was conducted by using the Mann-Whitney U test or Fisher exact test. Receiver operator characteristic analysis was used to create probability curves.

RESULTS: In total, 35 patients were analyzed; of these, 17 were HEY-OFC-positive. No significant difference was observed between the HEY-OFC-positive and HEY-OFC-negative groups in terms of background factors except for the HEY-LST value, which was significantly higher in the HEY-LST group (P = .027). Receiver operator characteristic analysis demonstrated that the area under the curve for HEY-OFC positivity using the HEY-LST value was 0.719 (95% CI = 0.541-0.897). The statistically optimal cutoff value for the HEY-LST was 610%, which had a clinical sensitivity and specificity of 64.7% and 83.3%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrated that the HEY-LST may be a useful predictor of the result of an initial OFC for HEY-FPIES.

PMID:37781670 | PMC:PMC10509954 | DOI:10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100138

J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob. 2023 Jun 26;2(4):100130. doi: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100130. eCollection 2023 Nov.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In the first year of life, DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns are established and are particularly susceptible to exposure-induced changes. Some of these changes may leave lasting effects by persistently altering gene expression or cell type composition or function, contributing to disease.

OBJECTIVES: In this discovery study, we investigated DNAm associations with sensitization to peanut, egg, or cow’s milk and hypothesized that genes demonstrating DNAm differences in immune cells may play a role in the development of food sensitization.

METHODS: Infant sensitization (a skin prick test wheal size that is at least 2 mm greater than the negative control) was measured to peanut, egg, and cow’s milk at age 1 year, and ages of food introduction were reported prospectively. PBMC DNAm was measured in blood samples at 1 year in 144 infants, oversampled for atopy or wheeze. Statistical analysis of Illumina 450k array DNAm data was conducted in R with adjustment for clinical and genetic covariables and a minimum effect size of 1%, false discovery rate of 5%, and medium-confidence false discovery rate threshold of 20%.

RESULTS: There were no DNAm differences between infants with and without peanut, egg, or cow’s milk sensitization. Borderline significant sites with high effect sizes were enriched for methylation quantitative trait loci, hinting at genetic factors influencing DNAm at these sites. DNAm patterns did not differ by peanut or egg introduction before or after 12 months.

CONCLUSION: This small pilot study did not show differences in methylation by food sensitization or introduction, but it did demonstrate DNAm patterns linked to genetic variants.

PMID:37781669 | PMC:PMC10509901 | DOI:10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100130

Orthop J Sports Med. 2023 Sep 26;11(9):23259671231197400. doi: 10.1177/23259671231197400. eCollection 2023 Sep.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The optimal graft choice for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) in the high-level cutting and pivoting athlete remains controversial. Studies have shown similar outcomes when directly comparing bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) autograft versus quadriceps soft tissue (QST) autograft in the general population. However, no studies have directly compared these 2 grafts in athletes participating in cutting and pivoting sports.

HYPOTHESIS: It was hypothesized that, compared with BPTB autograft, the QST autograft would result in similar patient-reported outcomes and rates of retear, return to sport, and complications.

STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on athletes participating in cutting and pivoting sports (soccer, American football, lacrosse, and basketball) who underwent primary ACLR with either BPTB autograft or QST autograft chosen by the athlete between January 2015 and January 2019. The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective knee evaluation and Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale were used to evaluate patient-reported outcomes. Return-to-sport and complication rates were identified. Descriptive statistics were expressed using Mann-Whitney test or Student t test for continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables.

RESULTS: A total of 68 athletes (32 QST, 36 BPTB) were included for analysis. The percentage follow-up was 89% (32/36) for the QST autograft group and 86% (36/42) for the BPTB autograft group. The 2-year IKDC score (QST, 90.5 ± 6.6 vs BPTB, 89.7 ± 7.8) and 2-year Lysholm score (QST, 91.3 ± 7.5 vs BPTB, 90.5 ± 8.6) were similar between groups. The percentage of athletes able to return to sport within the follow-up period was also similar (88% vs 83%; P = .63). There were 2 retears requiring revision in the BPTB group (6%) and no retears in the QST group (P = .18). One contralateral ACL rupture occurred in the QST group (3%) and 4 in the BPTB group (11%) (P = .21).

CONCLUSION: The QST and BPTB autografts demonstrated similar patient-reported outcomes, return-to-sport rates, and complication rates after primary ACLR at 2-year follow-up. Both autografts appear to be reliable and consistent options for ACLR in the cutting and pivoting athlete.

PMID:37781640 | PMC:PMC10536859 | DOI:10.1177/23259671231197400

bioRxiv. 2023 Sep 22:2023.09.18.558136. doi: 10.1101/2023.09.18.558136. Preprint.

ABSTRACT

Highly effective cancer therapies often face limitations due to acquired resistance and toxicity. Adaptive therapy, an ecologically inspired approach, seeks to control therapeutic resistance and minimize toxicity by leveraging competitive interactions between drug-sensitive and drug-resistant subclones, prioritizing patient survival and quality of life over maximum cell kill. In preparation for a clinical trial in breast cancer, we used large populations of MCF7 cells to rapidly generate endocrine-resistance breast cancer cell line. We then mimicked second line therapy in ER+ breast cancers by treating the endocrine-resistant MCF7 cells in a mouse xenograft model to test adaptive therapy with capecitabine, gemcitabine, or the combination of those two drugs. Dose-modulation adaptive therapy with capecitabine alone increased survival time relative to MTD, but not statistically significant (HR: 0.22, 95% CI 0.043-1.1 P = 0.065). However, when we alternated the drugs in both dose modulation (HR = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.024 – 0.55, P = 0.007) and intermittent adaptive therapies significantly increased survival time compared to high dose combination therapy (HR = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.013 – 0.42; P = 0.003). Overall, survival time increased with reduced dose for both single drugs (P < 0.01) and combined drugs (P < 0.001). Adaptive therapy protocols resulted in tumors with lower proportions of proliferating cells (P = 0.0026) and more apoptotic cells (P = 0.045). The results show that Adaptive therapy outperforms high-dose therapy in controlling endocrine-resistant breast cancer, favoring slower-growing tumors, and showing promise in two-drug alternating regimens.

PMID:37781632 | PMC:PMC10541126 | DOI:10.1101/2023.09.18.558136

bioRxiv. 2023 Sep 26:2023.09.19.558290. doi: 10.1101/2023.09.19.558290. Preprint.

ABSTRACT

Numerous methods exist to analyze functional MRI (fMRI) data, but no software currently exists to enhance the commonly-used FSL statistical analysis software with preprocessing methods from the Human Connectome Project. Here we developed the Connectome Operations For FSL ExEcution (COFFEE) pipeline to integrate Human Connectome preprocessing, including Freesurfer brain extraction and registration, for FSL general linear model analysis of volumetric fMRI data. We tested COFFEE on a real fMRI dataset (N=26) wherein participants performed a precision drawing task during fMRI scanning. COFFEE preprocessing, compared to traditional FSL preprocessing, led to lower inter-individual variability across the brain, more precise brain extraction, and greater detected activation in sensorimotor areas contralateral to movement. The COFFEE pipeline provides a turnkey preprocessing alternative for FSL users with substantial advantages for analysis of task fMRI data. COFFEE software is available online for research use and further testing.

PMID:37781580 | PMC:PMC10541115 | DOI:10.1101/2023.09.19.558290

Equine Vet J. 2023 Oct 1. doi: 10.1111/evj.14011. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Prompt diagnosis of passive transfer failure in the neonatal period is important for early treatment.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the diagnostic performance of serum glutaraldehyde coagulation test (GCT) and colostrum BRIX% for failure to transfer passive immunity (FTPI) diagnosis with the results of SNAP foal test and to evaluate the results of serum GCT and colostrum BRIX% measurements in foals with diarrhoea in the 0-1 month period.

STUDY DESIGN: In vitro experiments.

METHODS: Excess serum and colostrum (n: 298) from samples collected from newborn foals and their dams for clinical purposes were used. Foals were classified as FTPI positive (IgG < 8 g/L) or negative (IgG ≥ 8 g/L) using the SNAP foal test. We compared the sensitivity and specificity of serum GCT and colostrum BRIX % for diagnosing FTPI in all foals and in the sub-group of foals which developed diarrhoea within the first month of life was noted. The relationships between the results of the serum GCT and colostrum BRIX% and diarrhoea in foals with and without FTPI were evaluated.

RESULTS: Serum GCT and colostrum BRIX % were statistically significantly different (p < 0.05) between the foals without FTPI and with FTPI classified according to the SNAP test. Using a cut-off value for serum GCT of >10, sensitivity was 100% (95% CI 92.9%-100%) and specificity 100% (98.3%-100%) while with a cut-off value of ≤24, with colostrum BRIX% of ≤24 sensitivity was 92% (80.9%-97.8%), and specificity was 98% (95.3-99.3). In the sub-group of foals without FTPI using a colostrum BRIX% cut-off value of ≤26 the sensitivity for prediction of diarrhoea in the 0-1 month period was only 72.4% (52.8-87.3, p < 0.001) with specificity 54.3% (47.6-61.1) but the test performance was not robust (ROC AUC 0.61).

MAIN LIMITATIONS: The number of repeated measurements in the evaluation of serum GCT, and colostrum BRIX% was low. More clinical problems could be examined.

CONCLUSIONS: The serum GCT, and colostrum BRIX%, both economical and practical to use in the field, gave results comparable with the SNAP foal IgG test. The ability to accurately predict diarrhoea in the first month of life with these tests was limited.

PMID:37778870 | DOI:10.1111/evj.14011