Tag: nevin manimala

Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin. 2023 Jul 30:1-14. doi: 10.1080/10255842.2023.2224912. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to develop a machine learning model to reconstruct time series kinematic and kinetic profiles of the ankle and knee joint across six different tasks using an ankle-mounted IMU. Four male collegiate basketball players performed repeated tasks, including walking, jogging, running, sidestep cutting, max-height jumping, and stop-jumping, resulting in a total of 102 movements. Ankle and knee flexion-extension angles and moments were estimated using motion capture and inverse dynamics and considered ‘actual data’ for the purpose of model fitting. Synchronous acceleration and angular velocity data were collected from right ankle-mounted IMUs. A time-series feature extraction model was used to determine a set of features used as input to a random forest regression model to predict the ankle and knee kinematics and kinetics. Five-fold cross-validation was performed to verify the model accuracy, and statistical parametric mapping was used to determine the difference between the predicted and experimental time series. The random forest regression model predicted the time-series profiles of the ankle and knee flexion-extension angles and moments with high accuracy (Kinematics: R2 ranged from 0.782 to 0.962, RMSE ranged from 2.19° to 11.58°; Kinetics: R2 ranged from 0.711 to 0.966, RMSE ranged from 0.10 Nm/kg to 0.41 Nm/kg). There were differences between predicted and actual time series for the knee flexion-extension moment during stop-jumping and walking. An appropriately trained feature-based regression model can predict time series knee and ankle joint angles and moments across a wide range of tasks using a single ankle-mounted IMU.

PMID:37516980 | DOI:10.1080/10255842.2023.2224912

J Nutr Educ Behav. 2023 Jul 27:S1499-4046(23)00392-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2023.06.001. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of Food Sensations for Adults on food literacy behaviors and selected dietary behaviors.

METHODS: A quasi-experimental design using preprogram and postprogram questionnaires over 4 weeks with a control group (n = 75) matched for sex, age group, and socioeconomic disadvantage to program participants (n = 867). General linear mixed models assessed change in food literacy behavior frequency in 3 self-reported domains (plan and manage, selection, and preparation) and fruit and vegetable servings.

RESULTS: Postprogram, Food Sensations for Adults participants reported modest yet statistically significant score improvements in 2 of the 3 domains of food literacy behaviors in the plan and manage (12.4%) and preparation (9.8%) domains, as well as servings of vegetables (22.6% or 0.5 servings).

CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Quasi-experimental designs indicate food literacy programs can produce modest short-term changes across a range of food literacy and dietary behaviors.

PMID:37516955 | DOI:10.1016/j.jneb.2023.06.001

J Hand Surg Am. 2023 Jul 29:S0363-5023(23)00296-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2023.05.019. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) osteoarthritis (OA) causes functional disability and an increased health care burden in the aging population. The role of therapy in thumb CMC OA has been minimally analyzed in the literature. We hypothesized that patients treated with therapy for thumb CMC OA would demonstrate reduced rates of surgery for this diagnosis.

METHODS: We queried a national insurance dataset for all patients with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, or International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, code for thumb CMC OA, with a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. A 2:1 propensity-matched cohort of patients with CMC OA who did not receive therapy versus a therapy cohort was created, with a minimum of two sessions of hand therapy for inclusion. The primary outcome was the rate of thumb CMC OA surgery occurring within 2 years of diagnosis; time to surgery and use of thumb CMC injections were secondary outcomes. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for undergoing surgical treatment.

RESULTS: After matching, the therapy cohort comprised 14,548 patients, with a matched group of 28,930 patients who did not undergo therapy. In the overall sample, the rate of surgery within 2 years was 22.5%. Two-year surgical treatment rates were significantly higher for those who did not undergo therapy when compared with those who did (29.3% vs 13.1%). Patients treated with therapy had a significantly longer time to surgery, with no difference in the rate of surgery after one year. In multivariable regression of all included variables, lack of therapy intervention had the highest odds of surgery for thumb CMC OA (odds ratio 4.3).

CONCLUSIONS: We present the findings of a large insurance database evaluating the association of therapy with rates of surgical treatment for thumb CMC arthritis. On average, those treated with therapy had longer times to surgery, and the 2-year surgery rates for patients diagnosed with thumb CMC arthritis were significantly higher in those who did not undergo therapy treatment.

TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic II.

PMID:37516939 | DOI:10.1016/j.jhsa.2023.05.019

West Afr J Med. 2023 Jul 28;40(7):761-768.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Globally, female-perpetrated IPV has been well studied among various groups but little is known about IPV against heterosexual men living with HIV. This study sought to identify the prevalence and determinants of female-perpetrated IPV among heterosexual HIV-positive men in Birnin Kudu, Jigawa State, Nigeria.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a descriptive crosssectional study carried out at one secondary and tertiary health facility respectively, both situated in Birnin Kudu. Using an intervieweradministered pre-tested questionnaire, the prevalence and determinants of female-perpetrated IPV was assessed among 322 heterosexual HIV-positive men attending the anti-retroviral therapy clinics at the two health facilities. Data was entered into and analyzed using statistical package for social sciences version 25.

RESULTS: The prevalence of IPV in the last year was 45% (145D 322). Out of the survivors of IPV, 143 (98.6%), 75 (51.7%), and 51 (35.2%) had experienced psychological aggression, physical assault and sexual coercion respectively. The number of children fathered, experience of childhood violence, and marital status were significantly associated with IPV (p< 0.05) However, they remained significant determinants of IPV after controlling for confounders (ethnicity, marital status, educational status ) {Adjusted Odds ratio (aOR) = 7.34 and 95% confidence interval (C.I.) = 1.49 – 35.4; aOR= 1.84 C.I. 1.33 – 2.80; aOR = O.51 (0.29 – 0.90) respectively}.

CONCLUSION: This study identified a high prevalence of femaleperpetrated IPV against heterosexual men living with HIV and emphasizes that exposure to childhood violence and being childless are determinants of IPV. Efforts should be made to screen for IPV among men living with HIV so as to optimize their health and wellbeing.

PMID:37516936

West Afr J Med. 2023 Jul 28;40(7):748-752.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Gallstones detected incidentally during imaging are termed ‘silent’ or asymptomatic gallstones and they account for 80% of all gallstones. About 1-2% of patients with silent gallstones develop symptoms yearly; however, determining those who will develop symptoms is a major challenge. Ultrasonography is the most sensitive and specific method of detecting gallstones with an accuracy greater than 95%. The study aims to determine the prevalence of ultrasound-diagnosed silent gallstones in a Nigerian population and to determine its association with age and gender.

METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of abdominal ultrasound scans performed at the Radiology department of a tertiary institution between January 2013 and December 2015. Data retrieved included age, sex, and sonographic findings. Data analysis was done by simple proportions and percentages using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0 software.

RESULTS: Two thousand, one hundred and thirty-eight patients had abdominal ultrasound scans for various reasons during the study period. These included 915 males and 1223 females. Incidental findings of gallstones were observed in 52 patients, giving a prevalence of 2.4%. The prevalence of gallstones increased with age (p=0.051) with the highest prevalence seen in the 5th decade. Gallstones prevalence was higher in females with a male-to-female ratio of 1:3.5.

CONCLUSION: The prevalence of silent gallstones is low in our environment, but given the complications that may arise, follow-up for early detection of complications in the patients is therefore strongly recommended.

PMID:37516927

West Afr J Med. 2023 Jul 28;40(7):742-747.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Covid-19 vaccination is recommended for the prevention of Covid-19 infection. However, there is paucity of studies assessing post-vaccination side effects, especially in Africa, and thus, the need for this study.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of post-covid-19 vaccination side effects; the frequency of occurrence of each side effect and the willingness to receive the second dose of the vaccine.

METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among Corp members undergoing the three-week compulsory orientation course in a National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) orientation camp in Keffi, North-Central Nigeria. A total of 552 Corp members received the Covid-19 vaccine (AstraZeneca), 268 consented and were enrolled in the study. Data were obtained through online Google forms and were analyzed using SPSS version 26.

RESULTS: The mean age of the respondents was 25 years (SD = 2.5). The prevalence of post-covid-19 vaccination side effects was 90.7%, 95% CI (86.8 – 93.8). The most common side effects were weakness (53.5%), pain at the injection site (52.7%), and headache (52.7%). There was a weak association between the duration of symptoms and intake of medications (Cramer’s V = 0.148) which was not statistically significant. About a quarter, 62 (24.0%), of the respondents who received the first dose of the vaccine, were unwilling to accept the second dose, mainly due to their fear of the side effects – 53 (85.5%).

CONCLUSION: Our study population had a high prevalence of post-covid-19 vaccination side effects. Thus, the need to educate recipients on possible side effects and remedies.

PMID:37516926

Hum Brain Mapp. 2023 Jul 30. doi: 10.1002/hbm.26435. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The complexity of our actions and thinking is likely reflected in functional brain networks. Independent component analysis (ICA) is a popular data-driven method to compute group differences between such networks. A common way to investigate network differences is based on ICA maps which are generated from study-specific samples. However, this approach limits the generalizability and reproducibility of the results. Alternatively, network ICA templates can be used, but up to date, few such templates exist and are limited in terms of the functional systems they cover. Here, we propose a simple two-step procedure to obtain ICA-templates corresponding to functional brain systems of the researcher’s choice: In step 1, the functional system of interest needs to be defined by means of a statistical parameter map (input), which one can generate with open-source software such as NeuroSynth or BrainMap. In step 2, that map is correlated to group-ICA maps provided by the Human Connectome Project (HCP), which is based on a large sample size and uses high quality and standardized acquisition procedures. The HCP-provided ICA-map with the highest correlation to the input map is then used as an ICA template representing the functional system of interest, for example, for subsequent analyses such as dual regression. We provide a toolbox to complete step 2 of the suggested procedure and demonstrate the usage of our pipeline by producing an ICA templates that corresponds to “motor function” and nine additional brain functional systems resulting in an ICA maps with excellent alignment with the gray matter/white matter boundaries of the brain. Our toolbox generates data in two different file formats: volumetric-based (NIFTI) and combined surface/volumetric files (CIFTI). Compared to 10 existing templates, our procedure output component maps with systematically stronger contribution of gray matter to the ICA z-values compared to white matter voxels in 9/10 cases by at least a factor of 2. The toolbox allows users to investigate functional networks of interest, which will enhance interpretability, reproducibility, and standardization of research investigating functional brain networks.

PMID:37516917 | DOI:10.1002/hbm.26435

Hum Brain Mapp. 2023 Jul 30. doi: 10.1002/hbm.26408. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Overlapping clinical presentations in primary progressive aphasia (PPA) variants present challenges for diagnosis and understanding pathophysiology, particularly in the early stages of the disease when behavioral (speech) symptoms are not clearly evident. Divergent atrophy patterns (temporoparietal degeneration in logopenic variant lvPPA, frontal degeneration in nonfluent variant nfvPPA) can partially account for differential speech production errors in the two groups in the later stages of the disease. While the existing dogma states that neurodegeneration is the root cause of compromised behavior and cortical activity in PPA, the extent to which neurophysiological signatures of speech dysfunction manifest independent of their divergent atrophy patterns remain unknown. We test the hypothesis that nonword deficits in lvPPA and nfvPPA arise from distinct patterns of neural oscillations that are unrelated to atrophy. We use a novel structure-function imaging approach integrating magnetoencephalographic imaging of neural oscillations during a non-word repetition task with voxel-based morphometry-derived measures of gray matter volume to isolate neural oscillation abnormalities independent of atrophy. We find reduced beta band neural activity in left temporal regions associated with the late stages of auditory encoding unique to patients with lvPPA and reduced high-gamma neural activity over left frontal regions associated with the early stages of motor preparation in patients with nfvPPA. Neither of these patterns of reduced cortical oscillations was explained by cortical atrophy in our statistical model. These findings highlight the importance of structure-function imaging in revealing neurophysiological sequelae in early stages of dementia when neither structural atrophy nor behavioral deficits are clinically distinct.

PMID:37516916 | DOI:10.1002/hbm.26408

BMC Bioinformatics. 2023 Jul 29;24(1):303. doi: 10.1186/s12859-023-05420-y.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The growing power and ever decreasing cost of RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technologies have resulted in an explosion of RNA-Seq data production. Comparing gene expression values within RNA-Seq datasets is relatively easy for many interdisciplinary biomedical researchers; however, user-friendly software applications increase the ability of biologists to efficiently explore available datasets.

RESULTS: Here, we describe ROGUE (RNA-Seq Ontology Graphic User Environment, https://marisshiny.

RESEARCH: chop.edu/ROGUE/ ), a user-friendly R Shiny application that allows a biologist to perform differentially expressed gene analysis, gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis, potential biomarker identification, and advanced statistical analyses. We use ROGUE to identify potential biomarkers and show unique enriched pathways between various immune cells.

CONCLUSIONS: User-friendly tools for the analysis of next generation sequencing data, such as ROGUE, will allow biologists to efficiently explore their datasets, discover expression patterns, and advance their research by allowing them to develop and test hypotheses.

PMID:37516886 | DOI:10.1186/s12859-023-05420-y

Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023 Jul 29;22(1):193. doi: 10.1186/s12933-023-01930-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: We aimed to examine the association between smoking behavior change and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

METHODS: This study used nationwide data from the Korean National Health Insurance System and included 349,137 T2DM patients who smoked. Smoking behavior changes were defined with five groups: quitters, reducers I (≥ 50% reduction), reducers II (20-50% reduction), sustainers (± 20%), and increasers (≥ 20% increase) from the number of cigarettes/day at the baseline.

RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 5.1 years, 6,514 cases of myocardial infarction (MI) (1.9%), 7,837 cases of ischemic stroke (IS) (2.2%), and 14,932 deaths (4.3%) were identified. Quitters had a significantly decreased risk of MI (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.80, 95% CI 0.75-0.86) and IS (aHR 0.80, 95% CI 0.75-0.85) compared to sustainers, whereas reducers did not have a significant association with the risk of MI (aHR 1.03, 95% CI 0.94-1.13) and IS (aHR 1.00, 95% CI 0.92-1.08) in reducer I. Quitters also had a lower all-cause and CVD mortality than sustainers.

CONCLUSIONS: Smoking cessation was associated with decreased CVD incidence, and all-cause and CVD mortality among T2DM patients. However, smoking reduction was not associated with decreased risks for these.

PMID:37516874 | DOI:10.1186/s12933-023-01930-4