Tag: nevin manimala

Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2023 Sep 6:fetalneonatal-2023-326132. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-326132. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:37673594 | DOI:10.1136/archdischild-2023-326132

Artif Intell Med. 2023 Sep;143:102605. doi: 10.1016/j.artmed.2023.102605. Epub 2023 Jun 7.

ABSTRACT

Machine learning (ML) has demonstrated its ability to exploit important relationships within data collection, which can be used in the diagnosis, treatment, and prediction of outcomes in a variety of clinical contexts. Anxiety mental disorder analysis is one of the pending difficulties that ML can help with. A thorough study is demanded to gain a better understanding of this illness. Since the anxiety data is generally multidimensional, which complicates processing and as a result of technology improvements, medical data from several perspectives, known as multiview data (MVD), is being collected. Each view has its own data type and feature values, so there is a lot of diversity. This work introduces a novel preprocessing feature selection (FS) approach, multiview harris hawk optimization (MHHO), which has the potential to reduce the dimensionality of anxiety data, hence reducing analytical effort. The uniqueness of MHHO originates from combining a multiview linking methodology with the power of the harris hawk optimization (HHO) method. The HHO is used to identify the lowest optimal MVD feature subset, while multiview linking is utilized to find a promising fitness function to direct the HHO FS while accounting for all data views’ heterogeneity. The complexity of MHHO is O(THL²), where T is the number of iterations, H is the number of involved harris hawks, and L is the number of objects. Using two publicly available anxiety MVDs, MHHO is validated against ten recent rivals in its category. The experimental findings show that MHHO has a considerable advantage in terms of convergence speed (converging in less than ten iterations), subset size (removing 75% of the views; reducing feature size by 66%), and classification accuracy (approaching 100%). Furthermore, statistical analyses reveal that MHHO is statistically different from its competitors, bolstering its applicability. Finally, feature importance is evaluated, shedding light on the most anxiety-inducing characteristics. The likelihood of developing additional disorders (such as depression or stress) is also investigated.

PMID:37673574 | DOI:10.1016/j.artmed.2023.102605

Artif Intell Med. 2023 Sep;143:102622. doi: 10.1016/j.artmed.2023.102622. Epub 2023 Jul 9.

ABSTRACT

Civil registration and vital statistics systems capture birth and death events to compile vital statistics and to provide legal rights to citizens. Vital statistics are a key factor in promoting public health policies and the health of the population. Medical certification of cause of death is the preferred source of cause of death information. However, two thirds of all deaths worldwide are not captured in routine mortality information systems and their cause of death is unknown. Verbal autopsy is an interim solution for estimating the cause of death distribution at the population level in the absence of medical certification. A Verbal Autopsy (VA) consists of an interview with the relative or the caregiver of the deceased. The VA includes both Closed Questions (CQs) with structured answer options, and an Open Response (OR) consisting of a free narrative of the events expressed in natural language and without any pre-determined structure. There are a number of automated systems to analyze the CQs to obtain cause specific mortality fractions with limited performance. We hypothesize that the incorporation of the text provided by the OR might convey relevant information to discern the CoD. The experimental layout compares existing Computer Coding Verbal Autopsy methods such as Tariff 2.0 with other approaches well suited to the processing of structured inputs as is the case of the CQs. Next, alternative approaches based on language models are employed to analyze the OR. Finally, we propose a new method with a bi-modal input that combines the CQs and the OR. Empirical results corroborated that the CoD prediction capability of the Tariff 2.0 algorithm is outperformed by our method taking into account the valuable information conveyed by the OR. As an added value, with this work we made available the software to enable the reproducibility of the results attained with a version implemented in R to make the comparison with Tariff 2.0 evident.

PMID:37673565 | DOI:10.1016/j.artmed.2023.102622

Artif Intell Med. 2023 Sep;143:102618. doi: 10.1016/j.artmed.2023.102618. Epub 2023 Jul 1.

ABSTRACT

The world has recently been exposed to a fierce attack from many viral diseases, such as Covid-19, that exhausted medical systems around the world. Such attack had a negative impact not only on the health status of people or the high death rate, but also had a bad impact on the economic situation, which affected all countries of the world especially the poor and the developing ones. Monkeypox is one of the latest viral diseases that may cause a pandemic in the near future if not dealt and diagnosed with appropriately. This paper provides a new strategy for diagnosing monkeypox, which is called; Accurate Monkeypox Diagnosing Strategy (AMDS). The proposed AMDS consists of two phases, which are; (i) pre-processing and (ii) classification. During the pre-processing phase, the most effective feature are selected using Binary Tiki-Taka Algorithm (BTTA). On the other hand, in the classification phase, ensemble classification is used for diagnosing new cases, which combines evidence from three different new classifiers, namely; (a) Layered K-Nearest Neighbors (LKNN), (b) Statistical Naïve Bayes (SNB), and (c) Deep Learning Classifier (DLC). Moreover, the decisions of the proposed classifiers are merged in a new voting scheme called Fuzzified Voting Scheme (FVS). AMDS has been compared against recent diagnostic strategies. Experimental results have proven that AMDS outperforms other monkeypox diagnostic strategies as it introduces the most accurate diagnosis according to two different datasets.

PMID:37673562 | DOI:10.1016/j.artmed.2023.102618

Clin Chem Lab Med. 2023 Sep 7. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0786. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Currently, most medical laboratories do not have a dedicated software for managing report recalls, and relying on traditional manual methods or laboratory information system (LIS) to record recall data is no longer sufficient to meet the quality management requirements in the large regional laboratory center. The purpose of this article was to describe the research process and preliminary evaluation results of integrating the Medical Laboratory Electronic Record System (electronic record system) laboratory report recall function into the iLab intelligent management system for quality indicators (iLab system), and to introduce the workflow and methods of laboratory report recall management in our laboratory.

METHODS: This study employed cluster analysis to extract commonly used recall reasons from laboratory report recall records in the electronic record system. The identified recall reasons were validated for their applicability through a survey questionnaire and then incorporated into the LIS for selecting recall reasons during report recall. The statistical functionality of the iLab system was utilized to investigate the proportion of reports using the selected recall reasons among the total number of reports, and to perform visual analysis of the recall data. Additionally, we employed P-Chart to establish quality targets and developed a “continuous improvement process” electronic flow form.

RESULTS: The reasons for the recall of laboratory reports recorded in the electronic recording system were analyzed. After considering the opinions of medical laboratory personnel, a total of 12 recall reasons were identified, covering 73.05 % (1854/2538) of the recalled laboratory reports. After removing data of mass spectra lab with significant anomalies, the coverage rate increased to 82.66 % (1849/2237). The iLab system can generate six types of statistical graphs based on user needs, including statistical time, specialty labs (or divisions), test items, reviewers, reasons for report recalls, and distribution of the recall frequency of 0-24 h reports. The control upper limit of the recall rate of P-Chart based on laboratory reports can provide quality targets suitable for each professional group at the current stage. Setting the five stages of continuous process improvement reasonably and rigorously can effectively achieve the goal of quality enhancement.

CONCLUSIONS: The enhanced iLab system enhances the intelligence and sustainable improvement capability of the recall management of laboratory reports, thus improving the efficiency of the recall management process and reducing the workload of laboratory personnel.

PMID:37673465 | DOI:10.1515/cclm-2023-0786

BMJ Open. 2023 Sep 6;13(9):e073479. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073479.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: There is a limited understanding of the early nutrition and pregnancy determinants of short-term and long-term maternal and child health in ethnically diverse and socioeconomically vulnerable populations within low-income and middle-income countries. This investigation programme aims to: (1) describe maternal weight trajectories throughout the life course; (2) describe child weight, height and body mass index (BMI) trajectories; (3) create and validate models to predict childhood obesity at 5 years of age; (4) estimate the effects of prepregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain (GWG) and maternal weight trajectories on adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes and child growth trajectories; (5) estimate the effects of prepregnancy BMI, GWG, maternal weight and interpregnancy BMI changes on maternal and child outcomes in the subsequent pregnancy; and (6) estimate the effects of maternal food consumption and infant feeding practices on child nutritional status and growth trajectories.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Linked data from four different Brazilian databases will be used: the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort, the Live Births Information System, the Mortality Information System and the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System. To analyse trajectories, latent-growth, superimposition by translation and rotation and broken stick models will be used. To create prediction models for childhood obesity, machine learning techniques will be applied. For the association between the selected exposure and outcomes variables, generalised linear models will be considered. Directed acyclic graphs will be constructed to identify potential confounders for each analysis investigating potential causal relationships.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committees of the authors’ institutions. The linkage will be carried out in a secure environment. After the linkage, the data will be de-identified, and pre-authorised researchers will access the data set via a virtual private network connection. Results will be reported in open-access journals and disseminated to policymakers and the broader public.

PMID:37673446 | DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073479

Can J Surg. 2023 Sep 6;66(5):E458-E466. doi: 10.1503/cjs.006122. Print 2023 Sep-Oct.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Job competition and underemployment among surgeons emphasize the importance of equitable hiring practices. The purpose of this study was to describe some of the demographic characteristics of academic general surgeons and to evaluate the gender and visible minority (VM) status of those recently hired.

METHODS: Demographic information about academic general surgeons across Canada including gender, VM status, practice location and graduate degree status was collected. Location of residency was collected for recently hired general surgeons (hired between 2013 and 2020). Descriptive statistics were performed on the demographic characteristics at each institution. Pearson correlation coefficients and hypothesis testing were used to determine the correlation between various metrics and gender and VM status.

RESULTS: A total of 393 general surgeons from 30 academic hospitals affiliated with 14 universities were included. The percentage of female general surgeons ranged from 0% to 47.4% and the percentage of VM general surgeons ranged from 0% to 66.7% at the hospitals. This heterogeneity did not correlate with city population (gender: r = 0.06, p = 0.77; VM: r = 0.04, p = 0.83). The percentage of VM general surgeons at each hospital did not correlate with the percentage of VM population in the city (r = 0.13, p = 0.49). Only 34 of 120 recently hired academic general surgeons (28.3%) did not have a graduate degree. The percentage of recently hired academic general surgeons who did not have a graduate degree was approximately 1.5 times higher among male hirees than female hirees. With respect to academic promotion, the percentage of female full professors ranged from 0% to 40.0% and did not correlate with the percentage of female general surgeons at each institution (r = 0.11, p = 0.70). The percentage of VM full professors ranged from 0% to 44.4% and was moderately correlated with the percentage of VM surgeons at each institution (r = 0.40, p = 0.16).

CONCLUSION: The academic general surgery workforce appears to be somewhat diverse. However, there was substantial heterogeneity in diversity between hospitals, leaving room for improvement. We must be willing to examine our hiring processes and be transparent about them to build an equitable surgical workforce.

PMID:37673438 | DOI:10.1503/cjs.006122

Can J Surg. 2023 Sep 6;66(5):E451-E457. doi: 10.1503/cjs.016622. Print 2023 Sep-Oct.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Continuity of primary care (CPC) improves patient well-being, but the association between CPC and surgical outcomes has not been well studied. The numbers of joint replacement procedures are expected to rise considerably in the coming years, so it is crucial to identify factors related to successful outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between CPC and emergency department (ED) visits after knee and hip replacement surgery.

METHODS: Physician claims and hospital data from 2005 to 2020 in Nova Scotia were used in this retrospective study. To measure CPC, we used the Modified Modified Continuity Index (MMCI), which is the number of primary care providers adjusted for the total number of visits. The outcome was ED visits within 90 days of discharge. Logistic regression was used to test for associations between MMCI and the probability of an ED visit.

RESULTS: There were 28 574 knee and 16 767 hip procedures in the data set; 13.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 13.5%-14.3%) and 13.5% (95% CI 13.0%-14.0%) of the patients, respectively, had an ED visit within 90 days. For patients who underwent knee procedures, the mean MMCI was 0.868 (95% CI 0.867-0.870); 10.7% (95% CI 10.4 %-11.1 %) had perfect continuity of care. For patients who underwent hip procedures, the corresponding measures were 0.864 (95% CI 0.862-0.866) and 13.5% (95% CI 13.0%-14.0%). There was a statistically significant negative association between greater continuity of care and the probability of an ED visit after controlling for confounders.

CONCLUSION: Having multiple primary care providers before surgery increased the likelihood of negative outcomes following knee or hip replacement surgery compared with having a single provider. Presurgical conversations should include primary care history to improve postsurgical outcomes.

PMID:37673437 | DOI:10.1503/cjs.016622

BMJ. 2023 Sep 6;382:e076058. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2023-076058.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the associations between exposure to food additive emulsifiers and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.

SETTING: French NutriNet-Santé study, 2009-21.

PARTICIPANTS: 95 442 adults (>18 years) without prevalent CVD who completed at least three 24 hour dietary records during the first two years of follow-up.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Associations between intake of food additive emulsifiers (continuous (mg/day)) and risk of CVD, coronary heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease characterised using multivariable proportional hazard Cox models to compute hazard ratios for each additional standard deviation (SD) of emulsifier intake, along with 95% confidence intervals.

RESULTS: Mean age was 43.1 (SD 14.5) years, and 79.0% (n=75 390) of participants were women. During follow-up (median 7.4 years), 1995 incident CVD, 1044 coronary heart disease, and 974 cerebrovascular disease events were diagnosed. Higher intake of celluloses (E460-E468) was found to be positively associated with higher risks of CVD (hazard ratio for an increase of 1 standard deviation 1.05, 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.09, P=0.003) and coronary heart disease (1.07, 1.02 to 1.12, P=0.004). Specifically, higher cellulose E460 intake was linked to higher risks of CVD (1.05, 1.01 to 1.09, P=0.007) and coronary heart disease (1.07, 1.02 to 1.12, P=0.005), and higher intake of carboxymethylcellulose (E466) was associated with higher risks of CVD (1.03, 1.01 to 1.05, P=0.004) and coronary heart disease (1.04, 1.02 to 1.06, P=0.001). Additionally, higher intakes of monoglycerides and diglycerides of fatty acids (E471 and E472) were associated with higher risks of all outcomes. Among these emulsifiers, lactic ester of monoglycerides and diglycerides of fatty acids (E472b) was associated with higher risks of CVD (1.06, 1.02 to 1.10, P=0.002) and cerebrovascular disease (1.11, 1.06 to 1.16, P<0.001), and citric acid ester of monoglycerides and diglycerides of fatty acids (E472c) was associated with higher risks of CVD (1.04, 1.02 to 1.07, P=0.004) and coronary heart disease (1.06, 1.03 to 1.09, P<0.001). High intake of trisodium phosphate (E339) was associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (1.06, 1.00 to 1.12, P=0.03). Sensitivity analyses showed consistent associations.

CONCLUSION: This study found positive associations between risk of CVD and intake of five individual and two groups of food additive emulsifiers widely used in industrial foods.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03335644.

PMID:37673430 | DOI:10.1136/bmj-2023-076058

Eur Respir Rev. 2023 Sep 6;32(169):220248. doi: 10.1183/16000617.0248-2022. Print 2023 Sep 30.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The number of patients completing unsupervised home spirometry has recently increased due to more widely available portable technology and the COVID-19 pandemic, despite a lack of solid evidence to support it. This systematic methodology review and meta-analysis explores quantitative differences in unsupervised spirometry compared with spirometry completed under professional supervision.

METHODS: We searched four databases to find studies that directly compared unsupervised home spirometry with supervised clinic spirometry using a quantitative comparison (e.g. Bland-Altman). There were no restrictions on clinical condition. The primary outcome was measurement differences in common lung function parameters (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁), forced vital capacity (FVC)), which were pooled to calculate overall mean differences with associated limits of agreement (LoA) and confidence intervals (CI). We used the I² statistic to assess heterogeneity, the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool to assess risk of bias and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to assess evidence certainty for the meta-analyses. The review has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021272816).

RESULTS: 3607 records were identified and screened, with 155 full texts assessed for eligibility. We included 28 studies that quantitatively compared spirometry measurements, 17 of which reported a Bland-Altman analysis for FEV₁ and FVC. Overall, unsupervised spirometry produced lower values than supervised spirometry for both FEV₁ with wide variability (mean difference -107 mL; LoA= -509, 296; I²=95.8%; p<0.001; very low certainty) and FVC (mean difference -184 mL, LoA= -1028, 660; I²=96%; p<0.001; very low certainty).

CONCLUSIONS: Analysis under the conditions of the included studies indicated that unsupervised spirometry is not interchangeable with supervised spirometry for individual patients owing to variability and underestimation.

PMID:37673426 | DOI:10.1183/16000617.0248-2022