Tag: nevin manimala

Codas. 2023 Aug 14;35(5):e20210308. doi: 10.1590/2317-1782/20232021308pt. eCollection 2023.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: monitor the development of pragmatic skills in children with clinical risk indicators for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) before and after the application of an integrated parental guidance protocol.

METHODS: Seven families who had children with clinical risk indicators for autism spectrum disorder and were in the diagnostic process participated in this study. The study was divided into three moments: (1) structured interview with parents and assessment of children’s pragmatic skills, (2) virtual sessions with guidance to parents related to the characteristics of the condition and skills that can be developed to favor their development, and (3) reassessment of children’s pragmatic skills. Statistical analysis considered occupation of communicative space, use of functions and communicative means at ground zero and post-monitoring.

RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two evaluation moments, but a greater number was observed in the use of communicative acts and more interactive communicative functions as an outcome.

CONCLUSION: The monitoring of children’s pragmatic skills suggests that they present discrete evolution, especially the more interactive ones, after the application of the integrated parental guidance protocol.

PMID:37585895 | DOI:10.1590/2317-1782/20232021308pt

An Acad Bras Cienc. 2023 Aug 11;95(2):e20200952. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765202320200952. eCollection 2023.

ABSTRACT

Natural substances has been identified to maintain health and improve growth performance in the aquaculture. The effect of Origanum onites on growth and immune response of rainbow trout was investigated. Experimental groups (A and B) of 70 fish were separated into 10 different treatments. A groups were fed with dietary administration of O. onites essential oil (0.5 mL kg-1 and 3.0 mL kg-1) and crude powder (1.0 g kg-1 and 10.0 g kg-1) for a period of 8 weeks. Other groups (B) were vaccinated against Yersinia ruckeri at the beginning of experiment and then fed the same diets described above. Results showed that feed conversion ratio in fish fed a combination of O. onites and vaccine was statistically better than the control. NBT-positive cells, phagocytic activity, serum lysozyme activity and immunoglobulin M level were stimulated in both non vaccinated and vaccinated fish (p<0.05). Cumulative mortality in fish fed O. onites was lower than controls following challenge with Y. ruckeri. No mortality was observed in vaccinated fish fed with 0.5 mL kg-1 of O. onites. These results indicated that dietary administration of O. onites could act as an enhanced non specific immune response, growth performance and resistance to Y. ruckeri.

PMID:37585891 | DOI:10.1590/0001-3765202320200952

Einstein (Sao Paulo). 2023 Aug 14;21:eAO0197. doi: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2023AO0197. eCollection 2023.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the refusal rate of elective aortic aneurysm surgery in asymptomatic patients after the presentation of a detailed informed consent form followed by a meeting where patient and their families can analyze each item.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 49 patients who had aneurysms and were offered surgical treatment between June 2017 and February 2019. The patients were divided into two groups: the Rejected Surgery Group, which was composed of patients who refused the proposed surgical treatment, and the Accepted Surgery Group, comprising patients who accepted the proposed surgeries and subsequently underwent them.

RESULTS: Of the 49 patients, 13 (26.5%) refused surgery after reading the informed consent and attending the comprehensive meeting. We observed that patients who refused surgery had statistically smaller aneurysms than those who accepted surgery (9% versus 26%). These smaller aneurysms were above the indication size, according to the literature.

CONCLUSION: One-quarter of patients who were indicated for elective surgical repair of aortic aneurysms rejected surgery after shared decision-making, which involved presenting patients with an informed consent form followed by a clarification meeting for them and their families to analyze each item. The only factor that significantly influenced a rejection of the procedure was the size of the aneurysm; patients who rejected surgery had smaller aneurysms than those who accepted surgery. Up to 26% of patients with aortic aneurysms refused surgical repair. The proposed technique, whether open or endovascular, did not influence patients’ decisions. Patients with smaller aneurysms were more likely to refuse aortic aneurysm treatment.

PMID:37585885 | DOI:10.31744/einstein_journal/2023AO0197

Afr J Reprod Health. 2021 Oct;25(5):133-139. doi: 10.29063/ajrh2021/v25i5.14.

ABSTRACT

Diabetic pregnant women are susceptible to urinary tract infection, which can result in preterm labor and a low birth weight of the neonate. This was a prospective observational study. In total, 110 diabetic pregnant women between 12-20 weeks of gestation were recruited. Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) was diagnosed when the urinalysis presented a white blood cell (WBC) count ≥ 5 WBCs per high power field (HPF). Urine culture was later performed. Most of the diabetic pregnant women were classified as GDM A1. The prevalence of ASB was 7.2% (8/110 cases). Klebsiella aerogenes was found in only one case from urine culture. ASB was commonly found in the pregnant women with a high BMI, with statistical significance. The prevalence of ASB in the diabetic pregnant women was 7.2%. Urinalysis should be considered for diabetic pregnant women with a high body mass index.

PMID:37585867 | DOI:10.29063/ajrh2021/v25i5.14

Afr J Reprod Health. 2021 Oct;25(5):93-104. doi: 10.29063/ajrh2021/v25i5.10.

ABSTRACT

Obstetric emergencies account for the majority of causes of maternal deaths. The major causes of maternal and neonatal deaths in obstetric emergencies include bleeding, pregnancy-induced hypertension, cord prolapse, shoulder dystocia, poor progress, placenta abruptio, placenta praevia and amniotic fluid embolism. These adverse labour and birth events cause emergency situations and trauma for the nursing staff involved. A qualitative, descriptive phenomenological research design was used to explore and describe the lived experiences of advanced midwives regarding the management of obstetric emergencies in Midwife Obstetric Units (MOUs) of Gauteng Province, South Africa. An interview guide was prepared with a major question which was followed by probing questions based on the participant’s responses. Semi-structured, face-to-face individual interviews were used to collect data from thirteen (13) advanced midwives who were purposively selected and had been working in the Midwife Obstetric Units for two years or more after obtaining their qualifications. The Midwife Obstetric Units were selected based on the records of their birth statistics. The seven Collaizi’s procedural steps were utilised for data analysis. Measures to ensure the trustworthiness of the study were observed within the naturalistic paradigm comprising criteria of credibility; transferability; dependability; and confirmability. Three themes with sub-themes emerged from the current study, namely: psychosocial stress; advanced midwives’ workload; and lack of professionalism. In conclusion, it was evident that advanced midwives experience psychosocial stress because of unconducive working environments which are not adequately resourced, and high expectations from patients and their families. Management should support advanced midwives with the necessary resources that will enable them to perform their duties effectively and minimise their levels of stress and trauma.

PMID:37585863 | DOI:10.29063/ajrh2021/v25i5.10

Afr J Reprod Health. 2021 Oct;25(5):69-78. doi: 10.29063/ajrh2021/v25i5.7.

ABSTRACT

University students are at greatest risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases and HIV, due to multiple sex partners. However, first-year students are arguably, the most susceptible to sexually transmitted infections and HIV. The study examined the factors associated with multiple sexual partners among 348 first-year students aged 17 to 24 years old in a rural university in 2016. Data were collected on the demographic characteristics and sexual behaviours of the respondents in the one-month preceding the survey. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. The results revealed that 23.5% of the respondents had multiple sexual partners in the last 30 days. The binary logistic regression model showed that male [OR=7.4, 95% CI: 2.9-18.7]; being a member of students’ organisational structures [OR=3.4, 95% CI: 1.3-8.7] and younger age at sexual debut [OR=3.5, 95% CI: 1.3-9.6] were positively associated with multiple sexual partners. Furthermore, significant associations were found between multiple sexual partners, alcohol consumption [OR=2.9, 95% CI: 1.2-7.1), and being uncertain about their cultural perceptions [OR=3.4, 95% CI: 1.2-9.7] on multiple sexual partners. However, high religiosity [OR=0.4, 95% CI: 0.1-0.9)] was negatively associated with multiple sexual partners. Given that we found that a significant number of students were engaged in risky sexual behaviour, innovative behavioural change is expected by emphasising sexual fidelity, good values and responsible consumption alcohol to first year students as part of orientation package. Promotion of condom use should be intensified to protect first year students. Finally, since religiosity is an important practice in the daily life of the study population, integrating the religiosity components into sexual risk-prevention interventions could prove beneficial.

PMID:37585860 | DOI:10.29063/ajrh2021/v25i5.7

J Clin Psychiatry. 2023 Aug 16;84(5):22m14643. doi: 10.4088/JCP.22m14643.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To assess the efficacy of cariprazine, a dopamine D₃-preferring D₃/D₂ and serotonin 5-HT_1A receptor partial agonist, as adjunctive treatment for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and inadequate response to ongoing antidepressant therapy (ADT).

Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted from November 2018 to September 2021. Adults with MDD per DSM-5 criteria were randomized (1:1:1) to cariprazine 1.5 mg/d or 3 mg/d plus ADT, or placebo plus ADT. The primary and secondary endpoints were change from baseline to week 6 in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score and Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness (CGI-S) score, respectively.

Results: A total of 249 placebo-, 250 cariprazine 1.5 mg/d-, and 251 cariprazine 3 mg/d-treated patients were included in the modified intent-to-treat population. At week 6, the least squares mean change in MADRS total score was -13.8 for cariprazine 1.5 mg/d, -14.8 for cariprazine 3 mg/d, and -13.4 for placebo; differences versus placebo were not statistically significant. Mean change from baseline in CGI-S scores at week 6 was not significant for cariprazine versus placebo, although a trend toward significance was observed for 3 mg/d (P = .0573 [not adjusted for multiplicity]). Common treatment-emergent adverse events (≥ 5% either cariprazine group and twice placebo) were akathisia and insomnia.

Conclusions: There were no statistically significant differences for cariprazine 1.5 or 3 mg/d versus placebo on the primary or secondary outcomes. Cariprazine was generally well tolerated, and no new safety concerns were detected.

Clinical Trials Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03739203.

PMID:37585254 | DOI:10.4088/JCP.22m14643

JMIR Form Res. 2023 Aug 16;7:e41774. doi: 10.2196/41774.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Data on dietary intakes in Russian adults and children are assessed very infrequently primarily due to the time, cost, and burden to the participants for assessing dietary patterns. To overcome some of those challenges, the use of web-based 24-hour recall methods can be successfully used.

OBJECTIVE: The study objective is to assess the extent of agreement between a self-administered and an interviewer-administered 24-hour dietary recall in Russian adults and school-aged children using an adaptation of a web-based 24-hour recall tool.

METHODS: This web-based dietary assessment tool is based on a previously validated tool, which has been adapted to the Russian diet and language. A randomized 50% (n=97) of 194 participants initially completed a self-administered web-based dietary recall, followed by an interviewer-administered 24-hour dietary recall later that same day, and vice versa for the other 50% (n=97) of participants. Following at least 1 week wash-out period, during visit 2, participant groups completed the 2 dietary recalls in the opposite order. Statistical analysis was carried out on the intake results from both methods for the 2 recalls. Finally, an evaluation questionnaire on ease-of-use of the tool was also completed.

RESULTS: In total, intakes of 28 nutrients and energy were analyzed in this study. The Bland-Altman analysis showed that between 98.4% and 90.5% of data points were within the limits of agreement among all age groups and nutrients analyzed. A “moderate to excellent” reliability between the 2 methods was observed in younger children. In older children, a “moderate to good” reliability was observed, with the exception of sodium. In adults, “moderate to excellent” reliability between both methods was observed with the exception of vitamins B1, B2, and B6, and pantothenic acid. The level of agreement between the categorization of estimates into thirds of the intake distribution for the average of the 2 days was satisfactory, since the percentages of participants categorized into the same tertile of intake were ˃50%, and the percentages of participants categorized into the opposite tertile of intake were <10%. The majority of respondents were very positive in their evaluation of the web-based dietary assessment tool.

CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the web-based dietary assessment tool performs well when compared with a face-to-face, interviewer-administered 24-hour dietary recall and provides comparable estimates of energy and nutrient intakes in Russian adults and children.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04372160; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04372160.

PMID:37585243 | DOI:10.2196/41774

JAMA Dermatol. 2023 Aug 16. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2023.2634. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

IMPORTANCE: There are limited prognostic statistics and data available on survival outcomes for patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) in Asia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prognostic factors and survival outcomes of patients with MF among a cohort in China.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with MF who received treatment at a tertiary referral center for skin lymphoma (Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China) from August 1, 2009, to August 31, 2021. Data were analyzed from September 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free survival (PFS); for prognostic factors, hazard ratios (HRs), and adjusted HRs (aHRs; adjusted for sex, age, and overall TNMB [tumor, node, metastasis, blood] stage) determined using the Cox proportional hazards model.

RESULTS: The study cohort comprised 461 patients with MF (median [range] age at diagnosis, 46 [5-87] years; 275 [59.7%] men and 186 [40.3%] women; 461 [100%] Chinese). The overall 5-year rate was 82.2% for OS, 83.5% for DSS, and 79.6% for PFS. Stage-specific 5-year OS rates were 95.7% for stage IA, 93.2% for IB, 95.7% for IIA, 70.1% for IIB, 55.3% for III, and 23.6% for IV. Compared with a UK cohort, our Chinese cohort had a younger median age at diagnosis (46 years vs 54 years) and a more favorable 5-year OS (82.2% vs 75.0%); however, after adjusting for age, the discrepancy in the 5-year OS rate was diminished (77.3% vs 76.4%). Cox models revealed that unfavorable predictors of OS, PFS, and DSS, respectively, were: age older than 60 years (aHR [95% CI], 2.25 [1.28-3.96]; 2.09 [1.16-3.76]; 2.27 [1.39-3.72]); advanced TNMB stage; advanced overall stage; large-cell transformation (aHR [95% CI], 2.16 [1.17-3.99]; 2.29 [1.21-4.33]; 2.21 [1.26-3.86]); and elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels (aHR [95% CI], 3.92 [1.64-9.36]; 4.77 [1.86-12.22]; 5.05 [2.23-11.42]). Biological sex and plaque lesion type were not associated with prognosis among this study cohort.

CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: The findings of this retrospective cohort study of patients with MF in China suggest that Asian patients are diagnosed at a younger age and have a higher 5-year OS compared with patients of other races in studies in other countries (predominantly White). Prognostic factors were similar to those of previous studies, except for patient sex and plaque lesion type.

PMID:37585188 | DOI:10.1001/jamadermatol.2023.2634

JAMA Cardiol. 2023 Aug 16. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2023.2418. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

IMPORTANCE: Fluoroquinolone use has been associated with increased hospitalization with aortic aneurysm or dissection in noninterventional studies, but the reason for this observed association is unclear.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between fluoroquinolone use and aortic aneurysm or dissection using multiple study designs and multiple databases to increase the robustness of findings.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Cohort and case-crossover studies were conducted separately in 2 databases of UK primary care records. Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum and GOLD primary care records were linked to hospital admissions data. Adults with a systemic fluoroquinolone or cephalosporin prescription between April 1997 and December 2019 were included in the cohort study. Adults hospitalized with aortic aneurysm or dissection within the eligibility period were included in the case-crossover study. Individuals meeting inclusion criteria in the case-crossover study were matched 1:3 to control individuals on age, sex, index date, and clinical practice to adjust for calendar trends in prescribing. Data were analyzed from January to July 2022.

EXPOSURES: Systemic fluoroquinolone or comparator antibiotic.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated in the cohort study for the association between prescription of fluoroquinolones and hospitalization with aortic aneurysm or dissection using stabilized inverse probability of treatment-weighted Cox regression. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated in the case-crossover study for the association between systemic fluoroquinolone use and hospitalization with aortic aneurysm or dissection using a conditional logistic regression model. Estimates were pooled across databases using fixed-effects meta-analysis.

RESULTS: In the cohort study, we identified 3 134 121 adults in Aurum (mean [SD] age, 52.5 [20.3] years; 1 969 257 [62.8%] female) and 452 086 in GOLD (mean [SD] age, 53.9 [20.2] years; 286 502 [63.4%] female) who were prescribed fluoroquinolones or cephalosporins. In crude analyses, fluoroquinolone relative to cephalosporin use was associated with increased hospitalization with aortic aneurysm or dissection (pooled HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.13-1.44; P < .001) but after adjustment for potential confounders, this association disappeared (pooled adjusted HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.91-1.17; P = .65). In the case-crossover study, we identified 84 841 individuals hospitalized with aortic aneurysm or dissection in Aurum (mean [SD] age, 75.5 [10.9]; 23 551 [27.8%] female) and 10 357 in GOLD (mean [SD] age, 75.6 [10.5]; 2809 [27.1%] female). Relative to nonuse, fluoroquinolone use was associated with an increase in hospitalization with aortic aneurysm or dissection, but no association was found relative to other antibiotics (vs cephalosporin pooled OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.87-1.27; vs trimethoprim, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.75-1.06; vs co-amoxiclav, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.82-1.18).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The results in this study suggest that estimates of association of fluoroquinolones with aortic aneurysm or dissection may be affected by confounding. When such confounding is accounted for, no association was evident, providing reassurance on the safety of fluoroquinolones with respect to aortic aneurysm or dissection.

PMID:37585175 | DOI:10.1001/jamacardio.2023.2418