Tag: nevin manimala

Gut Pathog. 2025 Apr 16;17(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s13099-025-00698-0.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer (PC) presents a significant challenge in oncology because of its late-stage diagnosis and limited treatment options. The inadequacy of current screening methods has prompted investigations into stool-based assays and microbial classifiers as potential early detection markers. The gut microbiota composition of PC patients may be influenced by population differences, thereby impacting the accuracy of disease prediction. However, comprehensive profiling of the PC gut microbiota and analysis of these cofactors remain limited. Therefore, we analyzed the stool microbiota of 33 Finnish and 50 Iranian PC patients along with 35 Finnish and 34 Iranian healthy controls using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We assessed similarities and differences of PC gut microbiota in both populations while considering sociocultural impacts and generated a statistical model for disease prediction based on microbial classifiers. Our aim was to expand the current understanding of the PC gut microbiota, discuss the impact of population differences, and contribute to the development of early PC diagnosis through microbial biomarkers.

RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, PC patients presented reduced microbial diversity, with discernible microbial profiles influenced by factors such as ethnicity, demographics, and lifestyle. PC was marked by significantly higher abundances of facultative pathogens including Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae, and Fusobacteriaceae, and significantly lower abundances of beneficial bacteria. In particular, bacteria belonging to the Clostridia class, such as butyrate-producing Lachnospiraceae, Butyricicoccaceae, and Ruminococcaceae, were depleted. A microbial classifier for the prediction of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) was developed in the Iranian cohort and evaluated in the Finnish cohort, where it yielded a respectable AUC of 0.88 (95% CI 0.78, 0.97).

CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the potential of gut microbes as biomarkers for noninvasive PC screening and the development of targeted therapies, emphasizing the need for further research to validate these findings in diverse populations. A comprehensive understanding of the role of the gut microbiome in PC could significantly enhance early detection efforts and improve patient outcomes.

PMID:40241224 | DOI:10.1186/s13099-025-00698-0

J Health Popul Nutr. 2025 Apr 16;44(1):120. doi: 10.1186/s41043-025-00872-9.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Earlier studies on the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and low estimated glomerular filtration rate (low-eGFR) have provided uncertain findings. Therefore, this study aimed to summarize the existing literature on the association between DII and CKD and low-eGFR.

METHODS: In April 2024, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for observational studies, along with manual inclusion of Google Scholar and Embase. The review was submitted to PROSPERO (CRD42024536756) and conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement guidelines. Studies which reported risk for CKD or low-eGFR were included.

RESULTS: The random-effects model was used for statistical analysis and pooled effect sizes were reported as odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 13 studies, all with a cross-sectional design, were identified eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The results revealed that higher DII scores were associated with significantly higher odds of CKD (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.20-1.56, p < 0.001) and low-eGFR (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.26-2.00, p = 0.001).

CONCLUSION: This study found a significant positive association between the DII and the odds of CKD and low-eGFR, suggesting a higher likelihood of CKD in individuals who adhere to a pro-inflammatory diet. Large-scale prospective cohort studies are required to confirm these findings, particularly by assessing different indicators of kidney function.

PMID:40241214 | DOI:10.1186/s41043-025-00872-9

Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2025 Apr 16;11(1):50. doi: 10.1186/s40814-025-01635-3.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Suicide is a serious public health concern for which there are limited evidence-based interventions being employed. This feasibility study administered a Brief Intervention and Contact (BIC) trial adopted from the WHO Multisite Intervention Study on Suicidal Behaviors (SUPRE-MISS) and followed participants after they had been discharged from the inpatient hospital setting.

AIMS: To assess the recruitment and retention rates, follow-up visit completion, barriers to recruitment and retention, resources needed of employing this study, and data completion.

METHODS: Eligible participants were recruited from psychiatric inpatient settings, in Hamilton, Ontario. Adults with suicidal behavior were randomly allocated to BIC (intervention) plus treatment as usual (TAU) or treatment as usual (control) and were followed for 6 months. The intervention arm completed 9 follow-up points during the 6-month follow-up period post-discharge. Calculation of recruitment and retention rates and associated statistical analyses were completed using SPSS version 25.

RESULTS: A total of 154 participants were approached during the 8-month recruitment period, 60 participants were enrolled resulting in a recruitment rate of 7.625 participants per month. A total of 61 participants were recruited, with 1 duplicate. The retention rate was 47.5% for the recruited participants at the end of the study.

CONCLUSIONS: Few suicide-based follow up interventions assess the feasibility of conducting the study. Retention was low for this study; however, participants outlined reasons for withdrawal that are consistent with other research areas related to mental health. Findings from this study will help inform suicide research on the barriers and challenges to participant recruitment and retention.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT03825354, Registered January 30 th, 2019, ClinicalTrial.gov; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03825354?cond=suicide&term=brief%20intervention%20and%20contact&rank=6.

PMID:40241209 | DOI:10.1186/s40814-025-01635-3

BMC Res Notes. 2025 Apr 16;18(1):177. doi: 10.1186/s13104-025-07217-z.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the research was to identify key factors influencing smallholder farmers’ why not follow the recommended pesticide safety practices in northwestern Ethiopia. The study conducted in 2020/2021 investigated factors influencing smallholder farmers’ adherence to recommended pesticide safety practices in northwestern Ethiopia. The survey involving 50 farmers in Fogera and 53 in Mecha assessed pesticide use practices and perceptions, aiming to reveal common challenges in pesticide management. Survey data highlighted significant pesticide application and barriers related to adopting personal protective equipment (PPE), proper pesticide storage, integrated pest management (IPM), and safe disposal of containers.

RESULT: Statistical analyses indicated non-significant differences between districts regarding these practices, underscoring universal issues such as economic constraints, limited resource access, and inadequate awareness. Crops like maize, faba bean, and cabbage showed high pesticide usage rates in both districts without statistically significant differences, emphasizing their cumulative impact on food safety. This finding underscores the urgent need for comprehensive interventions. Measures such as subsidized PPE, infrastructure development for safe pesticide storage, enhanced educational campaigns, and strengthened regulatory frameworks are crucial to promote sustainable agricultural practices and mitigate health and environmental risks. In conclusion, the study identifies widespread barriers to effective pesticide management among smallholder farmers in Fogera and Mecha, including economic limitations and resource constraints. Addressing these challenges necessitates a multifaceted strategy that includes subsidized PPE, improved storage infrastructure, and intensified educational initiatives to foster sustainable practices and safeguard both human health and the environment.

PMID:40241208 | DOI:10.1186/s13104-025-07217-z

Porcine Health Manag. 2025 Apr 16;11(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s40813-025-00436-7.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Synchronized parturition is essential for optimizing batch production and implementing effective “all-in/all-out” management strategies. However, the efficacy of exogenous hormones in regulating parturition and the potential adverse effects of parturition induction have remained inconsistent. This study investigates the impact of cloprostenol sodium and carbetocin on farrowing performance in sows, aiming to establish an optimal induction protocol.

RESULTS: Initially, based on a dataset comprising 3,657 gestation records of large white sows, we calculated the average gestation length for the herd to be 114 days, and the induction time was set at 113 days of gestation. Subsequently, parturition was induced in 546 primiparous sows and 339 multiparous sows, respectively. The experiment consisted of three groups: (1) CON group (control), (2) PG group (cloprostenol sodium), and (3) PGCAR group (combination of cloprostenol sodium and carbetocin). In primiparous sows, compared to the control group, the PG group exhibited farrowing rates of 23.5% on day 113 and 71.8% on day 114. Notably, the PGCAR group demonstrated a higher farrowing rate of 78.1% on day 114. Importantly, the working hours farrowing rate for the PGCAR group was 90.3%, with 64.6% of sows farrowing within five hours after carbetocin administration. Additionally, both the PG and PGCAR groups showed a significant reduction in farrowing duration, birth interval, and stillbirth rate compared to the control group. Similar trends were observed in multiparous sows. In the PG group, farrowing rates were 25.0% on day 113 and 66.7% on day 114. Notably, the PGCAR group demonstrated a farrowing rate of 76.2% on day 114. Specifically, within the PGCAR group, 87.7% of farrowing events occurred during working hours, and 68.0% of farrowing events occurred within five hours following carbetocin administration. Furthermore, compared to the control group, the PGCAR group of multiparous sows exhibited a significant reduction in both farrowing duration and birth intervals. Furthermore, our analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in colostrum composition and milk bioactive components across the CON, PG, and PGCAR groups.

CONCLUSIONS: The combined administration of cloprostenol sodium and carbetocin effectively induces parturition in large white sows, accelerating the parturition process without adverse effects on either the sows or the piglets. However, 5-22% of the sows in this study exhibited spontaneous farrowing prior to hormone-induced parturition. Further investigation is necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and address instances where sows initiate farrowing prematurely before induction.

PMID:40241204 | DOI:10.1186/s40813-025-00436-7

J Ovarian Res. 2025 Apr 16;18(1):79. doi: 10.1186/s13048-025-01665-8.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Mosaic embryos have been proven to be capable of resulting in live births and have become an option for embryo transfer under certain circumstances. Recent guidelines suggested that embryo morphological scoring should be taken into consideration when selecting mosaic embryos for transfer. Therefore, we introduce a hypothesis that a high morphological scoring mosaic embryo is a better choice compared to a low morphological scoring euploid embryo.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 1641 embryo transfer cycles following next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A). Participants were categorized into a mosaic group (87 cycles) and an euploid group (1554 cycles) based on the PGT-A results of the transferred embryos. Statistical methods including multivariate logistic regression analysis and propensity score matching (PSM) were employed to compare the pregnancy outcomes between mosaic and euploid embryo transfer cycles.

RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the transfer of mosaic embryos was a prognosis for the reducing live birth rate (P = 0.043). Furthermore, when comparing the pregnancy outcomes of the high morphological scoring mosaic embryo transfer group with the low morphological scoring euploid embryo transfer group, no significant differences were observed (P > 0.05). Additionally, no significant differences in pregnancy outcomes were found between both the high morphological score low proportion and segmental mosaic group and the low morphological score euploid group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Our study indicated that morphological scoring has reference value when choosing between euploid and mosaic embryo transfers. Specifically, when the morphological score of euploid embryos is poor, mosaic embryos with high morphological scores could be a viable option after comprehensive prenatal consultation.

PMID:40241198 | DOI:10.1186/s13048-025-01665-8

BMC Psychol. 2025 Apr 16;13(1):390. doi: 10.1186/s40359-025-02724-x.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Previous research predominantly focused on burnout’s proximal antecedents, with less known about distant influences such as cultural values. Confucian values, integral to Chinese culture, advocate for diligence and long-term commitment, potentially safeguarding against burnout by enhancing resilience and a robust work ethic. This study aims to examine the impact of Confucian Work Dynamism on teacher burnout through two facets of grit, which encompasses interest consistency and perseverance of effort.

METHOD: Utilizing a cross-sectional survey, 304 valid responses were collected from primary and secondary school teachers in China. The study employed descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) for data analysis.

RESULTS: Findings indicate a positive correlation between Confucian Work Dynamism and the perseverance of effort facet of Grit, while no significant correlation was found with interest consistency. Both facets of Grit were negatively associated with burnout, with perseverance of effort mediating the relationship between Confucian Work Dynamism and burnout.

CONCLUSION: Confucian Work Dynamism, particularly through perseverance of effort, serves as a protective factor against burnout. This study highlights the importance of cultural values in occupational well-being and suggests that interventions in collectivist cultures should continue to encourage a high level of persistence of effort while promoting greater consistency of interests.

PMID:40241197 | DOI:10.1186/s40359-025-02724-x

Arthritis Res Ther. 2025 Apr 16;27(1):88. doi: 10.1186/s13075-025-03542-7.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is commonly used to treat Sjögren syndrome (SS). Glucocorticoids, which are commonly applied for managing primary SS (pSS), can disrupt glucose metabolism and increase diabetes mellitus (DM) risk. HCQ reduces DM risk in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between HCQ and glucocorticoids in the incidence of new-onset diabetes in pSS.

METHODS: This nationwide population-based cohort study identified patients diagnosed with pSS from the Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database from 2006 to 2015. Multivariate and stratified analyses, Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox proportional hazard regression were used to evaluate DM risk associated with the use of HCQ and glucocorticoid, both individually and in combination.

RESULTS: Among pSS patients (4,874 HCQ users and 2,437 HCQ nonusers), 497 patients developed DM over an average follow-up of 4.89 years. Multivariate analysis revealed significantly lower adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for DM in HCQ users in the 151-350 cumulative defined daily dose (cDDD) and ≥ 351 cDDD subgroups (0.600, 95% CI: 0.454-0.794 and 0.326, 95% CI: 0.246-0.433, respectively) compared with HCQ nonusers. High-dose glucocorticoids (≥ 151 cDDD) were linked to increased DM risk (aHR: 1.833, 95% CI: 1.410-2.383). However, high-dose HCQ (> 350 cDDD) mitigated this risk, even the risk caused by the use of high-dose glucocorticoids (≥ 151 cDDD) (aHR: 0.632, 95% CI: 0.421-0.948, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that HCQ exposure significantly reduces the risk of developing diabetes in patients with pSS. While higher doses of glucocorticoids are associated with an increased diabetes risk, concurrent HCQ use mitigates this risk in a dose-dependent manner.

PMID:40241193 | DOI:10.1186/s13075-025-03542-7

Respir Res. 2025 Apr 16;26(1):151. doi: 10.1186/s12931-025-03225-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Destruction of alveoli structure and lung function are interrelated, however, their correlation and clinical significance have been not well defined in patients with lung cancer. Thus, this study aimed to examine the association among radiographic, pathological emphysema and spirometric airway obstruction in patients with resectable lung cancer as well as explore their impact on postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) and long-term prognosis.

METHODS: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients who performed chest CT, spirometry, and curative resection were included from a prospective three-institution database. CT-defined emphysema at baseline was assessed visually and quantitatively, pathological emphysema was reviewed on postoperative specimen. Multivariable regression models, propensity score matching, stratified analysis, and subgroup analysis were adopted to reduce selection bias.

RESULTS: Our cohort included 902 patients, with a median follow-up of 5.6 years. CT-defined emphysema was present in 163 patients (18.1%) and most of them (86.5%) were validated with pathological evidence. 169 had spirometric airway obstruction, while only 29.6% patients overlapped with CT-defined emphysema. Multivariable logistic regression models showed CT-defined emphysema, not airway obstruction, was associated with an increased risk of PPCs (adjusted odds ratio, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.40-3.93; P = 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking history, tumour stage, vascular invasion, pleural invasion, multivariate cox analysis identified CT-defined emphysema, not airway obstruction, as an independent prognostic factor for OS (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.44; 95%CI, 1.05-1.97; P = 0.022). Patients with both radiographic and pathological emphysema experienced worse OS (log-rank P < 0.001). In the propensity score-matched cohort, stratified analysis, and never-smokers subgroup analysis, CT-defined emphysema remained a strong and statistically significant factor related to poor survival.

CONCLUSIONS: The presence of radiological and pathological emphysema in resectable LUAD was associated with frequent PPCs and decreased survival.

CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

PMID:40241184 | DOI:10.1186/s12931-025-03225-6

Lipids Health Dis. 2025 Apr 16;24(1):143. doi: 10.1186/s12944-025-02551-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The uric acid-to-HDL-cholesterol ratio (UHR), a novel marker of metabolism and inflammation, has been investigated in various diseases. However, its potential associations with the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and dyslipidemia remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the relationships between the UHR and the incidence of CVD and dyslipidemia. The primary objective was to evaluate the role of the UHR in predicting CVD and dyslipidemia, whereas the secondary objective was to analyze the predictive effects of the UHR in different subgroups.

METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the 2001-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which included 6,370 adults aged 18-80 years. Weighted binary logistic regression and subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the independent associations between the UHR and the risk of various cardiovascular conditions, including overall CVD, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, angina, coronary heart disease, and dyslipidemia. To investigate potential nonlinear relationships between the UHR and these outcomes, restricted cubic spline modeling was applied to further elucidate the associations.

RESULTS: Among the 6,370 participants included in the study, 559 were diagnosed with CVD. Elevated UHR values were strongly associated with a greater incidence of CVD and its subtypes, including congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, angina, and coronary heart disease (all P < 0.001). After accounting for weighted factors, participants in the higher UHR quartiles presented progressively higher rates of CVD: Quartile 1 (4.7%), Quartile 2 (6.3%), Quartile 3 (7.4%), and Quartile 4 (11%). A nonlinear relationship between the UHR and the risk of developing CVD was identified through restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis. Among the subgroup of 4,117 participants with dyslipidemia, multivariable linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant positive association between the UHR and dyslipidemia (OR 17.38, 95% CI 16.24-18.60). This association remained robust even after adjusting for covariates (OR 11.65, 95% CI 8.995-15.17). RCS analysis further confirmed the nonlinear nature of this relationship. Subgroup analysis revealed no significant interaction between the UHR and overall CVD or CVD-related variables, such as congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, angina, or coronary heart disease. However, for dyslipidemia, BMI showed a significant interaction, indicating that the positive association between the UHR and dyslipidemia risk is influenced by participants’ BMI.

CONCLUSION: A high UHR is associated with an increased risk of various cardiovascular conditions and dyslipidemia. The incorporation of routine UHR monitoring into clinical practice can support the early identification of high-risk individuals, facilitate timely interventions, and reduce the burden of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.

PMID:40241174 | DOI:10.1186/s12944-025-02551-4