Tag: nevin manimala

JAMA Netw Open. 2023 Jun 1;6(6):e2318212. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.18212.

ABSTRACT

IMPORTANCE: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with adverse health-related outcomes. However, pregnancy and neonatal outcomes among women with OCD have been sparsely studied.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate associations of maternal OCD with pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Two register-based cohort studies in Sweden and British Columbia (BC), Canada, included all singleton births at 22 weeks or more of gestation between January 1, 1999 (Sweden), or April 1, 2000 (BC), and December 31, 2019. Statistical analyses were conducted between August 1, 2022, and February 14, 2023.

EXPOSURE: Maternal OCD diagnosis recorded before childbirth and use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) during pregnancy.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Pregnancy and delivery outcomes examined were gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, maternal infection, antepartum hemorrhage or placental abruption, premature rupture of membranes, induction of labor, mode of delivery, and postpartum hemorrhage. Neonatal outcomes included perinatal death, preterm birth, small for gestational age, low birth weight (<2500 g), low 5-minute Apgar score, neonatal hypoglycemia, neonatal jaundice, neonatal respiratory distress, neonatal infections, and congenital malformations. Multivariable Poisson log-linear regressions estimated crude and adjusted risk ratios (aRRs). In the Swedish cohort, sister and cousin analyses were performed to account for familial confounding.

RESULTS: In the Swedish cohort, 8312 pregnancies in women with OCD (mean [SD] age at delivery, 30.2 [5.1] years) were compared with 2 137 348 pregnancies in unexposed women (mean [SD] age at delivery, 30.2 [5.1] years). In the BC cohort, 2341 pregnancies in women with OCD (mean [SD] age at delivery, 31.0 [5.4] years) were compared with 821 759 pregnancies in unexposed women (mean [SD] age at delivery, 31.3 [5.5] years). In Sweden, maternal OCD was associated with increased risks of gestational diabetes (aRR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.19-1.65) and elective cesarean delivery (aRR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.30-1.49), as well as preeclampsia (aRR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.01-1.29), induction of labor (aRR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.06-1.18), emergency cesarean delivery (aRR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.08-1.25), and postpartum hemorrhage (aRR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.04-1.22). In BC, only emergency cesarean delivery (aRR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.01-1.31) and antepartum hemorrhage or placental abruption (aRR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.03-2.14) were associated with significantly higher risk. In both cohorts, offspring of women with OCD were at elevated risk of low Apgar score at 5 minutes (Sweden: aRR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.42-1.85; BC: aRR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.74-3.04), as well as preterm birth (Sweden: aRR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.21-1.45; BC: aRR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.32-1.87), low birth weight (Sweden: aRR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.14-1.44; BC: aRR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.07-1.82), and neonatal respiratory distress (Sweden: aRR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.49-1.79; BC: aRR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.20-1.80). Women with OCD taking SRIs during pregnancy had an overall increased risk of these outcomes, compared with those not taking SRIs. However, women with OCD not taking SRIs still had increased risks compared with women without OCD. Sister and cousin analyses showed that at least some of the associations were not influenced by familial confounding.

CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: These cohort studies suggest that maternal OCD was associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes. Improved collaboration between psychiatry and obstetric services and improved maternal and neonatal care for women with OCD and their children is warranted.

PMID:37314804 | DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.18212

JAMA Netw Open. 2023 Jun 1;6(6):e2318265. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.18265.

ABSTRACT

IMPORTANCE: The number of physicians and advanced practitioners who focus their practice in nursing homes (NHs), often referred to as “SNFists” (ie, physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants concentrating their practice in the nursing home or skilled nursing facility [SNF] setting) has increased dramatically. Little is known about the association of the NH medical care delivery models that use SNFists with the quality of postacute care.

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the association between NH use of SNFists and facility-level, unplanned 30-day rehospitalization rates for patients receiving postacute care.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study used Medicare fee-for-service claims for all hospitalized beneficiaries discharged to 4482 NHs from January 1, 2012, through December 31, 2019. The study sample comprised NHs that did not have patients under the care of SNFists as of 2012. The treatment group included NHs that adopted at least 1 SNFist by the end of the study period. The control group included NHs that did not have patients under the care of a SNFist during the study period. SNFists were defined as generalist physicians and advanced practitioners with 80% or more of their Medicare Part B services delivered in NHs. Statistical analysis was conducted from January 2022 to April 2023.

EXPOSURE: Nursing home adoption of 1 or more SNFists.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The main outcome was the NH 30-day unplanned rehospitalization rate. A facility-level analysis was conducted using an event study approach to estimate the association of an NH adopting 1 or more SNFists with its unplanned 30-day rehospitalization rate, adjusting for patient case mix, facility, and market characteristics. Changes in patient case mix were examined in secondary analyses.

RESULTS: In this study of 4482 NHs, adoption of SNFists increased from 13.5% of facilities (550 of 4063) in 2013 to 52.9% (1935 of 3656) in 2018. Adjusted rehospitalization rates were not statistically different after SNFist adoption compared with before, with an estimated mean treatment effect of 0.05 percentage points (95% CI, -0.43 to 0.53 percentage points; P = .84). The share of Medicare-covered patients increased by 0.60 percentage points (95% CI, 0.21-0.99 percentage points; P = .003) in the year of SNFist adoption and by 0.54 percentage points (95% CI, 0.12-0.95 percentage points; P = .01) 1 year after adoption compared with NHs that did not adopt SNFists. The number of postacute admissions increased by 13.6 (95% CI, 9.7-17.5; P < .001) after SNFist adoption, but there was no statistically significant change in the acuity index.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This cohort study suggests that NH adoption of SNFists was associated with an increase in the number of admissions for postacute care but was not associated with a change in rehospitalization rates. This may represent a strategy by NHs to maintain rehospitalization rates while increasing the volume of patients receiving postacute care, which typically results in higher profit margins.

PMID:37314803 | DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.18265

JAMA Cardiol. 2023 Jun 14. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2023.1505. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

IMPORTANCE: It is currently unclear whether chronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is modifiable.

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether cardiovascular risk can be modified with finerenone in patients with T2D and CKD.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Incidence rates from Finerenone in Chronic Kidney Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: Combined FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD Trial Programme Analysis (FIDELITY), a pooled analysis of 2 phase 3 trials (including patients with CKD and T2D randomly assigned to receive finerenone or placebo) were combined with National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data to simulate the number of composite cardiovascular events that may be prevented per year with finerenone at a population level. Data were analyzed over 4 years of consecutive National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data cycles (2015-2016 and 2017-2018).

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Incidence rates of cardiovascular events (composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for heart failure) were estimated over a median of 3.0 years by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria categories. The outcome was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models stratified by study, region, eGFR and albuminuria categories at screening, and cardiovascular disease history.

RESULTS: This subanalysis included a total of 13 026 participants (mean [SD] age, 64.8 [9.5] years; 9088 male [69.8%]). Lower eGFR and higher albuminuria were associated with higher incidences of cardiovascular events. For recipients in the placebo group with an eGFR of 90 or greater, incidence rates per 100 patient-years were 2.38 (95% CI, 1.03-4.29) in those with a urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) less than 300 mg/g and 3.78 (95% CI, 2.91-4.75) in those with UACR of 300 mg/g or greater. In those with eGFR less than 30, incidence rates increased to 6.54 (95% CI, 4.19-9.40) vs 8.74 (95% CI, 6.78-10.93), respectively. In both continuous and categorical models, finerenone was associated with a reduction in composite cardiovascular risk (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78-0.95; P = .002) irrespective of eGFR and UACR (P value for interaction = .66). In 6.4 million treatment-eligible individuals (95% CI, 5.4-7.4 million), 1 year of finerenone treatment was simulated to prevent 38 359 cardiovascular events (95% CI, 31 741-44 852), including approximately 14 000 hospitalizations for heart failure, with 66% (25 357 of 38 360) prevented in patients with eGFR of 60 or greater.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Results of this subanalysis of the FIDELITY analysis suggest that CKD-associated composite cardiovascular risk may be modifiable with finerenone treatment in patients with T2D, those with eGFR of 25 or higher, and those with UACR of 30 mg/g or greater. UACR screening to identify patients with T2D and albuminuria with eGFR of 60 or greater may provide significant opportunities for population benefits.

PMID:37314801 | DOI:10.1001/jamacardio.2023.1505

JAMA Surg. 2023 Jun 14. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2023.2009. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

IMPORTANCE: Opioids administered to treat postsurgical pain are a major contributor to the opioid crisis, leading to chronic use in a considerable proportion of patients. Initiatives promoting opioid-free or opioid-sparing modalities of perioperative pain management have led to reduced opioid administration in the operating room, but this reduction could have unforeseen detrimental effects in terms of postoperative pain outcomes, as the relationship between intraoperative opioid usage and later opioid requirements is not well understood.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the association between intraoperative opioid usage and postoperative pain and opioid requirements.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective cohort study evaluated electronic health record data from a quaternary care academic medical center (Massachusetts General Hospital) for adult patients who underwent noncardiac surgery with general anesthesia from April 2016 to March 2020. Patients who underwent cesarean surgery, received regional anesthesia, received opioids other than fentanyl or hydromorphone, were admitted to the intensive care unit, or who died intraoperatively were excluded. Statistical models were fitted on the propensity weighted data set to characterize the effect of intraoperative opioid exposures on primary and secondary outcomes. Data were analyzed from December 2021 to October 2022.

EXPOSURES: Intraoperative fentanyl and intraoperative hydromorphone average effect site concentration estimated using pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary study outcomes were the maximal pain score during the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) stay and the cumulative opioid dose, quantified in morphine milligram equivalents (MME), administered during the PACU stay. Medium- and long-term outcomes associated with pain and opioid dependence were also evaluated.

RESULTS: The study cohort included a total of 61 249 individuals undergoing surgery (mean [SD] age, 55.44 [17.08] years; 32 778 [53.5%] female). Increased intraoperative fentanyl and intraoperative hydromorphone were both associated with reduced maximum pain scores in the PACU. Both exposures were also associated with a reduced probability and reduced total dosage of opioid administration in the PACU. In particular, increased fentanyl administration was associated with lower frequency of uncontrolled pain; a decrease in new chronic pain diagnoses reported at 3 months; fewer opioid prescriptions at 30, 90, and 180 days; and decreased new persistent opioid use, without significant increases in adverse effects.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Contrary to prevailing trends, reduced opioid administration during surgery may have the unintended outcome of increasing postoperative pain and opioid consumption. Conversely, improvements in long-term outcomes might be achieved by optimizing opioid administration during surgery.

PMID:37314800 | DOI:10.1001/jamasurg.2023.2009

Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2023 Jun 14. doi: 10.1007/s13555-023-00954-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Management of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) often requires a combined medical/procedural approach. Biologics are frequently reserved for severe cases after irreversible tissue damage has occurred. We evaluated the association between consistent biologic use and the need for procedural interventions, systemic medications, and healthcare utilization.

METHODS: UNITE, a 4-year, global, prospective, observational, HS disease registry, documented the natural history, diagnostic/treatment patterns, and clinical outcomes of HS. Patients aged 12 years or more, with active HS were enrolled between October 2013 and December 2015 and evaluated every 6 months for 48 months at 73 sites across 12 countries (data cutoff December 2019). Proportions of patients requiring different HS procedures, systemic medications, and healthcare utilization were assessed during the 6-month periods before, during, and after biologic initiation for 12 weeks or more (i.e., consistent use).

RESULTS: There were 63 instances of initiation of consistent biologic use (adalimumab [81%], infliximab [16%], and ustekinumab [3%]) in 57 patients. Patients’ mean age was 40 years, 58% were female, and 53%/47% had Hurley stage II/III disease, respectively. Fewer patients required surgical/procedural interventions and systemic medications for the 6-month period during/6-month period after biologic initiation versus the 6-month period before biologic initiation, including intralesional corticosteroid injections (22%/14% vs 24%), incision and drainage (I&D) by physician (10%/10% vs 17%), I&D by patient (10%/10% vs 14%), surgical excision (8%/10% vs 11%), deroofing (5%/2% vs 5%), systemic antibiotics (43%/41% vs 54%), and systemic immunosuppressants (10%/6% vs 13%). Fewer patients required hospital admission for HS (17%/13% vs 21%) or emergency department visits for HS (8%/8% vs 16%) during the 6-month periods in which consistent biologics use started and continued versus the 6-month period before consistent biologic use.

CONCLUSION: Following initiation of consistent biologic use (12 weeks or more), fewer patients required acute procedural interventions, systemic medications, and healthcare utilization, supporting the importance of early biologic initiation.

PMID:37314696 | DOI:10.1007/s13555-023-00954-8

J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2023 Jun 14. doi: 10.1007/s40615-023-01660-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) represents a serious public health problem for the indigenous peoples of Brazil, since acute respiratory infections are the main causes of morbidity and mortality in this population.

OBJECTIVE: To assess cases of SARS in Brazilian indigenous peoples in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as sociodemographic and health factors associated with deaths from SARS in this population.

METHODS: Ecological study carried out based on secondary data from the Brazilian Database for Epidemiological Surveillance of Influenza referring to the Brazilian indigenous population with SARS in 2020. The variables included sociodemographic factors and health conditions. Statistical analyses were carried out considering absolute (n) and relative (%) frequencies and logistic regression with odds ratios (OR), with death as the outcome of interest.

RESULTS: A total of 3062 cases were reported in the analyzed period. Of these, there was a predominance of men (54.6%), adults (41.4%), with comorbidities (52.3%), with low levels of schooling (67.4%) and residents of rural areas (55.8%). Cases and deaths were concentrated in the states of Amazonas and Mato Grosso do Sul, states in the North and Midwest of Brazil. A greater chance of death was observed in elderly indigenous people (OR = 6.29; 95%CI 4.71-8.39), with low levels of schooling (OR = 1.72; 95%CI 1.22-2.28), residents of rural areas (OR = 1.35; 95%CI 1.12-1.62), and with comorbidities (OR = 1.87; 95%CI 1.42-2.46), especially obesity (OR = 2.56; 95%CI 1.07-6.11).

CONCLUSION: The study was able to trace the clinical-epidemiological profile, as well as identify the groups of indigenous people most vulnerable to SARS as a result of COVID-19 and evolution to death in Brazil. The findings show the high impact on the morbidity and mortality of the Brazilian indigenous population exposed to SARS and are relevant for epidemiological health surveillance, since they can guide preventive public policy actions and quality of life measures for this ethnic group in Brazil.

PMID:37314690 | DOI:10.1007/s40615-023-01660-z

J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2023 Jun 14. doi: 10.1007/s40615-023-01666-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Visiting the desired number of antenatal care services improve the success of maternal health programs in terms of mother and child health. The study aimed to identify the factors associated with differences in the number of antenatal care service visits across and within regions of Ethiopia by using the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic Health Survey (EMDHS).

METHODS: A total of 3979 women who were pregnant or gave birth within 5 years preceding the survey from the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic Health Survey were included in the analysis. A multi-level Hurdle negative binomial regression model was selected to consider the hierarchical nature of the data in determining the factors associated with the barriers to the desired number of antenatal care service visits.

RESULTS: About one-fourth (26.2%) of mothers did not visit any antenatal care, and only 137 (3.4%) women visited the service eight times and above. The random intercept with the fixed coefficient of multilevel Hurdle negative binomial model results has shown that women in the age group between 25 and 34 (AOR = 1.057), in the age group between 35 and 49 (AOR = 1.108), protestant religion follower women (AOR = 0.918), Muslim women (AOR = 0.945), other religion follower women (AOR = 0.768), mothers in primary educational level (AOR = 1.123), secondary and higher education level (AOR = 1.228), rich mothers (AOR = 1.134), and mothers living in rural (AOR = 0.789) were statistically associated with regional variation regarding the frequency of ANC service visits.

CONCLUSIONS: The majority of pregnant women did not visit antenatal care services according to the findings of this study. This study’s results revealed that the predictor variables such as mother’s age, education level, religion, place of residence, marital status, and wealth index were significant, and the findings revealed that there were regional differences in ANC visits in Ethiopia. Women’s economic and educational interventions should be a top priority.

PMID:37314688 | DOI:10.1007/s40615-023-01666-7

Pain Ther. 2023 Jun 14. doi: 10.1007/s40122-023-00531-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The use of oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for acute musculoskeletal pain should be at the lowest effective dosage and for the shortest duration to minimize potential adverse effects. This study evaluated treatment satisfaction, effectiveness, and tolerability of a low-dose diclofenac epolamine 12.5-mg soft capsule formulation (DHEP 12.5-mg capsules) using patient-reported outcome measures in a real-life setting over a short period (3 days) in subjects with mild-to-moderate acute musculoskeletal pain.

METHODS: A prospective, open-label, phase IV clinical study in adult outpatients at hospital clinic departments/general practitioner’s clinics at eight sites in Italy. The primary efficacy variable was the degree of satisfaction with treatment at 72 ± 7 h after initiation of treatment, assessed using the Overall Satisfaction Question of the Pain Treatment Satisfaction Scale (PTSS) and described by classic descriptive statistics. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the analgesic effect after the first administration and over time; the time to and satisfaction with the onset of pain relief, amount of and duration of pain relief; pain intensity differences over time; and safety and tolerability. The investigator’s satisfaction with the treatment was also assessed. Subjects initially took 1-2 capsules of the study treatment and then one or two soft capsules every 4-6 h according to their needs. Not more than six soft capsules were to be taken in any 24-h period.

RESULTS: A total of 182 subjects (mean age, 56.2 years; 54.4% female) took ≥ 1 dose of DHEP capsule and were included in the full analysis set. The most common musculoskeletal conditions were arthralgia (39.0%) and low back pain (23.1%). All subjects completed the study, and 165/182 (90.7%, 95% CI 0.86, 0.95) were satisfied or very satisfied with the treatment at 72 ± 7 h after the first dose (primary efficacy variable). Similar percentages were recorded for treatment satisfaction concerning other efficacy parameters. The onset of the analgesic effect was rapid, with complete pain relief reached after a mean of 49.45 min. Investigators rated their overall treatment satisfaction as 92.9%. Treatment was well tolerated.

CONCLUSIONS: The low-dose (12.5 or 25 mg) oral diclofenac epolamine soft capsules formulation exerted rapid, effective, and safe analgesic activity in patients with mild-to-moderate musculoskeletal pain, with subjects’ overall satisfaction with treatment more than 90%.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT Number: 2018-004886-15 (Study 18I-Fsg08). Registered 04/09/2018.

PMID:37314686 | DOI:10.1007/s40122-023-00531-z

Neuroinformatics. 2023 Jun 14. doi: 10.1007/s12021-023-09634-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Neurodegeneration measured through volumetry in MRI is recognized as a potential Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) biomarker, but its utility is limited by lack of specificity. Quantifying spatial patterns of neurodegeneration on a whole brain scale rather than locally may help address this. In this work, we turn to network based analyses and extend a graph embedding algorithm to study morphometric connectivity from volume-change correlations measured with structural MRI on the timescale of years. We model our data with the multiple random eigengraphs framework, as well as modify and implement a multigraph embedding algorithm proposed earlier to estimate a low dimensional embedding of the networks. Our version of the algorithm guarantees meaningful finite-sample results and estimates maximum likelihood edge probabilities from population-specific network modes and subject-specific loadings. Furthermore, we propose and implement a novel statistical testing procedure to analyze group differences after accounting for confounders and locate significant structures during AD neurodegeneration. Family-wise error rate is controlled at 5% using permutation testing on the maximum statistic. We show that results from our analysis reveal networks dominated by known structures associated to AD neurodegeneration, indicating the framework has promise for studying AD. Furthermore, we find network-structure tuples that are not found with traditional methods in the field.

PMID:37314682 | DOI:10.1007/s12021-023-09634-6

J Autism Dev Disord. 2023 Jun 14. doi: 10.1007/s10803-023-06037-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and behaviors or interests. Besides behavioral, psychopharmacological and biomedical interventions there is increasing evidence of non-invasive treatments like neurofeedback (NFB) that can improve brain activity. In this study, we have investigated whether NFB can improve cognitive functions in children with ASD. Thirty-five children with ASD (7-17 years) were selected by purposive sampling. The subjects underwent 30 sessions of NFB training for 20 min over 10 weeks’ period. Psychometric tests i.e. Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), IQ scoring and Reward sensitivity tests were administered at baseline. Pre and post NFB intervention assessment of executive functions, working memory and processing speed were done by NIH Toolbox Cognition Batteries. Friedman test revealed that children showed a statistically significant improvement in the NIH Tool Box cognitive assessments, including the Flankers Inhibitory Control and Attention Test (Pre-test = 3.63, Post-test = 5.22; p = 0.00), the Dimensional Change Card Sorting Test (Pre-test = 2.88, Post-test = 3.26; p = 0.00), the Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test (Pre-test = 6.00, Post-test = 11:00; p = 0.00) and the List Sorting Working Memory Test (Pre-test = 4.00, Post-test = 6:00; p = 0.00), and displayed a trend of improvement at 2-month follow-up (Flankers Inhibitory Control and Attention Test (Post-test = 5.11 ± 2.79, Follow-Up = 5.31 ± 2.67; p = 0.21), the Dimensional Change Card Sorting Test (Post-test = 3.32 ± 2.37, Follow-Up = 3.67 ± 2.35; p = 0.054), the Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test (Post-test = 13.69 ± 9.53, Follow-Up = 14.42 ± 10.23 p = 0.079) and the List Sorting Working Memory Test (Post-test = 6.17 ± 4.41, Follow-Up = 5.94 ± 4.03; p = 0.334). Our findings suggest NFB intervention for 10 weeks produce improvement in executive functions (Inhibitory Control and Attention and Cognitive Flexibility), Processing Speed and Working Memory in ASD Children.

PMID:37314667 | DOI:10.1007/s10803-023-06037-z