Tag: nevin manimala

Psychometrika. 2023 Jun 14. doi: 10.1007/s11336-023-09922-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In this paper, the support of the joint probability distribution of categorical variables in the total population is treated as unknown. From a general total population model with unknown support, a general subpopulation model with its support equal to the set of all observed score patterns is derived. In maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters of any such subpopulation model, the evaluation of the log-likelihood function only requires the summation over a number of terms equal to at most the sample size. It is made clear that the parameters of a hypothesized total population model are consistently and asymptotically efficiently estimated by the values that maximize the log-likelihood function of the corresponding subpopulation model. Next, new likelihood ratio goodness-of-fit tests are proposed as alternatives to the Pearson chi-square goodness-of-fit test and the likelihood ratio test against the saturated model. In a simulation study, the asymptotic bias and efficiency of maximum likelihood estimators and the asymptotic performance of the goodness-of-fit tests are investigated.

PMID:37314662 | DOI:10.1007/s11336-023-09922-9

Lasers Surg Med. 2023 Jun 14. doi: 10.1002/lsm.23697. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Primary axillary hyperhidrosis (PAH) affects 1-5% of the world’s population who has an unmet need for improved treatments. The heating of sweat glands with specific microwave therapy has shown promising results, yet, treatment with widely available devices such as long-pulsed Neodymium Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) lasers, diode lasers or Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) may serve as pragmatic alternatives.

OBJECTIVES: To compare sweat secretion of treated versus untreated contralateral control axilla 1-3 months after one session of Nd:YAG laser or IPL in patients with PAH.

METHODS: A within-person randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomized to receive either one session of Nd:YAG laser or IPL in one axilla with the contra-lateral serving as control. Sweat production was assessed by gravimetry, trans-epidermal water loss, hyperhidrosis disease severity scale and dynamic optical coherence tomography. Mixed-effects models were used to handle the within-person design, containing both fixed effect factors (side, group, and subgroup), and random effects (patients), while also adjusting for the level at baseline.

RESULTS: A total of 20 patients were enrolled. At follow-up 1-3 months after treatment, sweat secretion was not affected in the treated axilla when compared to the control axillae (0.01 [95%CI: -0.04 to 0.05]; p = 0.68). In the Nd:YAG subgroup (10 patients), least squares means for sweat secretion was 0.18 mg/5 min in the treated versus 0.15 mg/5 min in the control axilla, respectively, corresponding to a statistically insignificant mean difference of 0.02 mg/5 min (95% CI: -0.06 to 0.11; p = 0.54). In the IPL subgroup (10 patients), sweat secretion was 0.06 mg/5 min in the treated axilla versus 0.07 mg/5 min in the control axilla with a statistically insignificant difference of -0.01 points (95% CI: -0.03 to 0.02; p = 0.46). Likewise, none of the secondary outcomes were significantly affected by treatment. However, both treatments appeared safe and well tolerated with no adverse effects reported at follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS: One treatment with external 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser or 640 nm IPL at commercially available settings, failed to demonstrate clinical benefit in treating PAH, with narrow confidence intervals implying that this was not due to a type-2 error.

PMID:37313834 | DOI:10.1002/lsm.23697

Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2023 May 20;43(5):733-740. doi: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.05.08.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of expression levels of S100 calcium-binding protein A10 (S100A10) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) on patient prognosis and the regulatory role of S100A10 in lung cancer cell proliferation and metastasis.

METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression levels of S100A10 in LUAD and adjacent tissues, and the relationship between S100A10 expression and clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of the patients was statistically analyzed. The lung adenocarcinoma expression dataset in TCGA database was analyzed using gene enrichment analysis (GSEA) to predict the possible regulatory pathways of S100A10 in the development of lung adenocarcinoma. Lactate production and glucose consumption of lung cancer cells with S100A10 knockdown or overexpression were analyzed to assess the level of glycolysis. Western blotting, CCK-8 assay, EdU-594 assay, and Transwell assays were performed to determine the expression level of S100A10 protein, proliferation and invasion ability of lung cancer cells. A549 cells with S100A10 knockdown and H1299 cells with S100A10 overexpression were injected subcutaneously in nude mice, and tumor growth was observed.

RESULTS: The expression level of S100A10 was significantly upregulated in LUAD tissues as compared with the adjacent tissues, and an elevated S100A10 expression level was associated with lymph node metastasis, advanced tumor stage and distant organ metastasis (P < 0.05), but not with tumor differentiation or the patients’ age or gender (P > 0.05). Survival analysis showed that elevated S100A10 expressions in the tumor tissue was associated with a poor outcome of the patients (P < 0.001). In the lung cancer cells, S100A10 overexpression significantly promoted cell proliferation and invasion in vitro (P < 0.001). GSEA showed that the gene sets of glucose metabolism, glycolysis and mTOR signaling pathway were significantly enriched in high expressions of S100A10. In the tumor-bearing nude mice, S100A10 overexpression significantly promoted tumor growth, while S100A10 knockdown obviously suppressed tumor cell proliferation (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: S100A10 overexpression promotes glycolysis by activating the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway to promote proliferation and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells.

PMID:37313814 | DOI:10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.05.08

Orthod Craniofac Res. 2023 Jun 14. doi: 10.1111/ocr.12684. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Palatal displacement of maxillary anterior teeth is common in clinical practice. Previous studies have reported that the labial bone around palatally-displaced incisors is thinner than that around normally-placed teeth. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate alveolar bone changes after alignment to guide orthodontic treatment. In this study, we investigated the alveolar bone changes around palatally-displaced maxillary lateral incisors before and after treatment, and the effects of extraction and age using cone-beam computed tomography.

METHODS: In this retrospective study, 55 patients with unilateral palatally-displaced maxillary lateral incisors were included. Three-dimensional alveolar bone changes were measured at three levels (25%, 50% and 75% of the root length) using cone-beam computed tomography. Group comparisons were made between displaced and control teeth, extraction and non-extraction groups, and adult and minor groups.

RESULTS: After orthodontic treatment, labiopalatal and palatal alveolar bone widths decreased at all measured levels. Labial alveolar bone width increased significantly at P25, but decreased at P75. Concavity decreased, while tooth-axis angle, tooth length, B-CEJ and P-CEJ increased. Changes in LB and LP at P75, B-CEJ and P-CEJ were statistically significant. After treatment, the tooth-axis angle on the PD side increased by 9.46°. The change in tooth-axis angle on the PD side was significantly smaller, and LB and LP decreased more at P75, in the extraction group.

CONCLUSIONS: Compared to the control teeth, alveolar bone thickness and height for the displaced teeth decreased more significantly after treatment. Tooth extraction and age also influenced alveolar bone changes.

PMID:37313756 | DOI:10.1111/ocr.12684

Epidemiol Infect. 2022 Aug 16;150:e160. doi: 10.1017/S0950268822001364.

ABSTRACT

Patient-important outcomes related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continue to drive the pandemic response across the globe. Various prognostic factors for COVID-19 severity have emerged and their replication across different clinical settings providing health services is ongoing. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and their association with outcomes in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the University Hospital of Ioannina. We assessed a cohort of 681 consecutively hospitalised patients with COVID-19 from January 2020 to December 2021. Demographic data, underlying comorbidities, clinical presentation, biochemical markers, radiologic findings, COVID-19 treatment and outcome data were collected at the first day of hospitalisation and up to 90 days. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to investigate the associations between clinical characteristics (hazard ratios (HRs) per standard deviation (s.d.)) with intubation and/or mortality status. The participants’ mean age was 62.8 (s.d., 16.9) years and 57% were males. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (45%), cardiovascular disease (19%) and diabetes mellitus (21%). Patients usually presented with fever (81%), cough (50%) and dyspnoea (27%), while lymphopenia and increased inflammatory markers were the most common laboratory abnormalities. Overall, 55 patients (8%) were intubated, and 86 patients (13%) died. There were statistically significant positive associations between intubation or death with age (HR: 2.59; 95% CI 1.52-4.40), lactate dehydrogenase (HR: 1.44; 95% CI 1.04-1.98), pO₂/FiO₂ ratio < 100 mmHg (HR: 3.52; 95% CI 1.14-10.84), and inverse association with absolute lymphocyte count (HR: 0.54; 95% CI 0.33-0.87). These data might help to identify points for improvement in the management of COVID-19 patients.

PMID:37313720 | DOI:10.1017/S0950268822001364

J Anim Sci. 2023 Jun 14:skad192. doi: 10.1093/jas/skad192. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The process of myogenesis, which involves the growth and differentiation of muscle cells, is a crucial determinant of meat yield and quality in beef cattle. Essential nutrients, such as vitamin D and A, play vital roles in the development and maintenance of various tissues, including muscle. However, limited knowledge exists regarding the specific effects of vitamin A and D in bovine muscle. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of vitamin A and D treatment on myogenic fusion and differentiation in bovine satellite cells (BSC). BSC were isolated from Korean native beef cattle, specifically from four female cows approximately 30 months old. These individual cows were used as biological replicates (n=3 or 4), and we examined the effects of varying concentrations of vitamins A (All-trans retinoic acid; 100 nM) and D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; 1 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM), both individually and in combination, on myoblast fusion and myogenic differentiation during the growth phase (48h) or differentiation phase (6 days). The results were statistically analyzed using GLM procedure of SAS with Tukey’s test and t-tests or one-way ANOVA where appropriate. The findings revealed that vitamin A enhanced the myoblast fusion index, while vitamin D treatment decreased the myoblast fusion index during the growth phase. Furthermore, vitamin A treatment during the differentiation phase promoted terminal differentiation by regulating the expression of myogenic regulatory factors (Myf5, MyoD, MyoG, and Myf6) and inducing myotube hypertrophy compared to the control satellite cells (P < 0.01). In contrast, vitamin D treatment during the differentiation phase enhanced myogenic differentiation by increasing the mRNA expression of MyoG and Myf6 (P < 0.01). Moreover, the combined treatment of vitamin A and D during the growth phase increased myoblast fusion and further promoted myogenic differentiation and hypertrophy of myotubes during the differentiation phase (P < 0.01). These results suggest that vitamin A and D supplementation may have differential effects on muscle development in Korean native beef cattle during the feeding process.

PMID:37313716 | DOI:10.1093/jas/skad192

Khirurgiia (Mosk). 2023;(6):27-33. doi: 10.17116/hirurgia202306127.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the drug aminodihydrophthalazinedione sodium (Galavit) for the prevention of the development of additional purulent-septic complications associated with a reduced reactivity in patients with peritonitis.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients diagnosed with peritonitis were included in a prospective, non-randomized, single-centre study. Two groups of patients were formed, the main and control, 30 people each. In the main group, patients received aminodihydrophthalazinedione sodium at a dose of 100 mg/day for 10 days, in the control group they did not receive the drug. During 30 days of observation, the development of purulent-septic complications and the number of days of hospitalization were recorded. Biochemical and immunological blood parameters were recorded at the time of inclusion in the study and for 10 days of therapy. Information about adverse events were collected.

RESULTS: Each study group included 30 patients (60 in total). The additional complications developed in 3 (10%) patients who received the drug and in 7 (23.3%) in the group that did not receive the drug (p=0.166). The risk ratio is up to 0.556 and the risk ratio is 0.365. The average number of bed-days in the group that received the drug was 5, and in the group that did not receive the drug – 7 days (p=0.108). No statistically significant differences between groups in biochemical parameters were identified. However, there were estimated statistical differences in immunological parameters. Thus, CD3+, CD4+, CD19+, CD16+/CD56+, CD3+/HLA-DR+, IgG were higher in the group taking the drug, and the CIC level was lower than in patients of the group that did not receive the drug. There were no adverse events.

CONCLUSION: Aminodihydrophthalazinedione sodium (Galavit) is effective and safe for preventing the development of additional purulent-septic complications associated with a reduced reactivity in patients with peritonitis, decreases the incidence of purulent-septic complications.

PMID:37313698 | DOI:10.17116/hirurgia202306127

Asia Pac J Clin Oncol. 2023 Jun 14. doi: 10.1111/ajco.13971. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The number of cycles of neoadjuvant therapy programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial.

METHODS: From October 2019 to March 2022, neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy followed by radical surgery for NSCLC patients with stage II-III were retrospectively reviewed in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital. The radiologic response was assessed according to the Response Evaluation Criteria for Solid Tumors version 1.1. The major pathological response was defined as no more than 10% residual tumor. Student’s t-test, chi-square test, and Mann-Whitney test were used for univariate analysis, logistic regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis. All statistical analyses were calculated by SPSS software (version 26).

RESULTS: Among 108 patients, the number of patients who received 2-cycle (2-cycle group) and more than 2-cycle (>2-cycle group) neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy were 75 (69.4%) and 33 (30.6%), respectively. Compared with patients in the >2-cycle group, patients in the 2-cycle group had significantly smaller diagnostic radiological tumor size (37.0 mm vs. 49.6 mm, p = 0.022) and radiological tumor regression rate (36% vs. 49%, p = 0.007). However, no significant difference in pathological tumor regression rate was observed between patients in the 2-cycle group and >2-cycle group. Further logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy cycle could independently affect the radiographic response (odds ratio [OR]: 0.173, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.051-0.584, p = 0.005) but not for pathological response (OR: 0.450, 95% CI: 0.161-1.257, p = 0.127).

CONCLUSIONS: For patients diagnosed with stage II-III NSCLC, the number of neoadjuvant cycles administered can significantly influence the radiographic efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy.

PMID:37313687 | DOI:10.1111/ajco.13971

J Evid Based Med. 2023 Jun 14. doi: 10.1111/jebm.12540. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:37313680 | DOI:10.1111/jebm.12540

Acute Crit Care. 2023 May;38(2):226-233. doi: 10.4266/acc.2023.00570. Epub 2023 May 25.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the predictive power of the Full Outline of Unresponsiveness (FOUR) score and the Glasgow Coma Scale Pupil (GCS-P) score in determining outcomes for traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was used to evaluate patients at 1 month and 6 months after the injury.

METHODS: We conducted a 15-month prospective observational study. It included 50 TBI patients admitted to the ICU who met our inclusion criteria. We used Pearson’s correlation coefficient to relate coma scales and outcome measures. The predictive value of these scales was determined using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calculating the area under the curve with a 99% confidence interval. All hypotheses were two-tailed, and significance was defined as P<0.01.

RESULTS: In the present study, the GCS-P and FOUR scores among all patients on admission as well as in the subset of patients who were mechanically ventilated were statistically significant and strongly correlated with patient outcomes. The correlation coefficient of the GCS score compared to GCS-P and FOUR scores was higher and statistically significant. The areas under the ROC curve for the GCS, GCS-P, and FOUR scores and the number of computed tomography abnormalities were 0.912, 0.905, 0.937, and 0.324, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: The GCS, GCS-P, and FOUR scores are all excellent predictors with a strong positive linear correlation with final outcome prediction. In particular, the GCS score has the best correlation with final outcome.

PMID:37313669 | DOI:10.4266/acc.2023.00570