Tag: nevin manimala

Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol. 2023 Jun 11:S1888-4415(23)00157-1. doi: 10.1016/j.recot.2023.06.010. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Topical tranexamic acid (TXA) has been shown to decrease blood loss in knee and hip arthroplasty. Despite evidence about its effectiveness when administered intravenous, its effectiveness and optimal dose when used topically has not been established. We hypothesized that the use of 1.5 g (30 mL) of topical TXA could decrease the amount of blood loss in patients after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA).

MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and seventy-seven patients receiving a RTSA for arthropathy or fracture were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative-to-postoperative change in haemoglobin (ΔHb) and haematocrit (ΔHct) level drain volume output, length of stay and complications were evaluated for each patient.

RESULTS: Patients receiving TXA has significant less drain output in both for arthropathy (ARSA) (104 vs. 195 mL, p = 0.004) and fracture (FRSA) (47 vs. 79 mL, p = 0.01). Systemic blood loss was slightly lower in TXA group, but this was not statistically significant (ARSA, ΔHb 1.67 vs. 1.90 mg/dL, FRSA 2.61 vs. 2.7 mg/dL, p = 0.79). This was also observed in hospital length of stay (ARSA 2.0 vs. 2.3 days, p = 0.34; 2.3 vs. 2.5, p = 0.56) and need of transfusion (0% AIHE; AIHF 5% vs. 7%, p = 0.66). Patients operated for a fracture had a higher rate of complications (7% vs. 15.6%, p = 0.04). There were no adverse events related to TXA administration.

CONCLUSION: Topical use of 1.5 g of TXA decreases blood loss, especially on the surgical site without associated complications. Thus, hematoma decrease could avoid the systematic use of postoperative drains after reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

PMID:37311478 | DOI:10.1016/j.recot.2023.06.010

J Antimicrob Chemother. 2023 Jun 13:dkad187. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkad187. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Concerns have been raised regarding neuropsychiatric adverse drug reactions of integrase inhibitors (INSTIs) in patients living with HIV. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of depression and suicidality reporting with INSTIs based on a global pharmacovigilance database.

METHODS: Depression and suicidality cases in patients treated with INSTIs were identified within the WHO global database of individual case safety reports, VigiBase. Risk of depression and suicidality reporting with INSTIs compared with other ART was assessed using disproportionality analyses (case/non-case statistical approach).

RESULTS: Of 19 991 410 reports over the study period, 124 184 reports concerned patients exposed to ART, including 22 661 patients exposed to an INSTI. Among patients treated with an INSTI, 547 cases of depression and 357 cases of suicidality were identified. Disproportionality analyses showed that depression [reporting OR (ROR) 3.6; 95% CI: 3.2-4.0] and suicidality (ROR 4.7; 95% CI: 4.1-5.4) were more reported with the use of INSTIs compared with other ART. Amongst INSTIs, depression reporting was significantly greater for bictegravir and dolutegravir, whereas suicidality reporting was significantly greater for dolutegravir only.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that depression and suicidality are adverse drug reactions of all INSTI agents, especially dolutegravir, which may occur within the first months of therapy.

PMID:37311223 | DOI:10.1093/jac/dkad187

G3 (Bethesda). 2023 Jun 13:jkad132. doi: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad132. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by two pathological proteins, amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42) and tau. The majority of AD cases in the population are sporadic and late-onset AD (LOAD), which exhibits high levels of heritability. While several genetic risk factors for LOAD have been identified and replicated in independent studies, including the ApoE ε4 allele, the great majority of the heritability of LOAD remains unexplained, likely due to the aggregate effects of a very large number of genes with small effect size, as well as to biases in sample collection and statistical approaches. Here, we present an unbiased forward genetic screen in Drosophila looking for naturally occurring modifiers of Aβ42- and tau-induced ommatidial degeneration. Our results identify 14 significant SNPs, which map to 12 potential genes in 8 unique genomic regions. Our hits that are significant after genome-wide correction identify genes involved in neuronal development, signal transduction and organismal development. Looking more broadly at suggestive hits (P < 10-5), we see significant enrichment in genes associated with neurogenesis, development and growth as well as significant enrichment in genes whose orthologs have been identified as significantly or suggestively associated with AD in human GWAS studies. These latter genes include ones whose orthologs are in close proximity to regions in the human genome that are associated with AD, but where a causal gene has not been identified. Together, our results illustrate the potential for complementary and convergent evidence provided through multi-trait GWAS in Drosophila to supplement and inform human studies, helping to identify the remaining heritability and novel modifiers of complex diseases.

PMID:37311212 | DOI:10.1093/g3journal/jkad132

Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2023 Jun 13. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202301-0070LE. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:37311208 | DOI:10.1164/rccm.202301-0070LE

Games Health J. 2023 Jun 13. doi: 10.1089/g4h.2022.0212. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: We investigated the effects of an exergames-based exercise program for older adults, and its benefits on their physical literacy (PL) domains, such as physical (mobility skills), affective (motivation and confidence), cognitive (knowledge about physical activity [PA]), and behavioral (daily exertion) when compared with a conventional exercise program and no training (NT) (control). Material and Methods: Forty older adults (mean age 72 years) volunteered and were randomized within three groups-exergame training (ET; n = 15), conventional training (CT; n = 14), and NT (n = 11). ET group performed training sessions based on a commercially available exergame console, while the CT group enrolled in a convention exercise program (aerobic, strength, balance, and flexibility exercises). The training program was conducted three times a week for 6 weeks. The Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Exercise Confidence Survey (ECS), Motives for Physical Activity Measure-Revised (MPAM-R), Knowledge and Understanding Questionnaire (K&UQ), and total PA tracking (using wearable technology) were used as the study’s outcomes. Outcome variables were measured at preintervention (week 0), postintervention (week 6), and at the time of final follow-up (week 9). Results: We observed a reduction in the ET TUG time at postintervention and follow-up. Also, a significant main effect for group and moment of measurement was observed for the Fitness-Health subscore, derived from MPAM-R. The values demonstrated by ET and CT were statistically different (P = 0.01) and a within-group comparison revealed significant differences in the ET from preintervention to both postintervention and follow-up (both, P = 0.01). We did not observe any other significant difference. Conclusion: Our results suggest that a 6-week exergame-based training program may have the potential in improving the physical and affective domains of PL in community-dwelling older adults. The topics related to fitness and health seem to be of interest in this population and programs can make use of them to improve the PL domains.

PMID:37311178 | DOI:10.1089/g4h.2022.0212

Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2023 Jun 13. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2022.0240. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The benefits of nature tourism, or nature-based travel, are plentiful. For example, participation in nature tours has positively impacted environmental attitudes and behaviors. Unfortunately, while psychologically beneficial, nature-based tourism can hurt the environment through a myriad of factors. Therefore, we must continue to explore ways to make the benefits of nature-based travel more sustainable and impactful. Research suggests that nature-based travel in virtual reality (VR) may impart numerous travel benefits, such as improving conservational behavior and interconnectedness with nature. While these early findings are promising, questions remain regarding the theoretical mechanisms underlying the effects of nature-based VR travel. Therefore, this study explores how VR may provide an avenue to make nature tourism more environmentally friendly while simultaneously making people more environmentally connected and conscious. Furthermore, a theoretical framework is posited that combines concepts from the spatial presence and narrative persuasion literature to help explain the effects. To accomplish these goals, an experiment was conducted using a two-condition (VR travel vs. TV control) between-subjects factorial design with random assignment. The participants were 66 college students from a large Midwestern University in the United States. Results indicated that there wasn’t a statistically significant difference between the VR travel condition and the television (TV) control condition regarding the environmental outcome variables. However, while the nature-based VR travel experience did not appear to influence the environmental outcome variables directly, it did indirectly affect them through the mediating roles of spatial presence and narrative engagement.

PMID:37311166 | DOI:10.1089/cyber.2022.0240

Clin Exp Dermatol. 2023 Jun 13:llad203. doi: 10.1093/ced/llad203. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Gender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) leads to changes in body composition, secondary sex characteristics and in the distribution and pattern of hair growth. Transgender individuals undergoing GAHT may experience altered hair growth patterns that may be affirming and desirable, or undesirable with subsequent impacts on quality of life. Given increasing numbers of transgender individuals commencing GAHT worldwide and clinical relevance of the impact of GAHT on hair growth, we systematically reviewed the existing literature on the impact of GAHT on hair changes and androgenic alopecia (AGA). The majority of studies used grading schemes or subjective measures of hair changes based on patient or investigators’ examination. Very few studies used objective quantitative measures of hair parameters but demonstrated statistically significant changes in hair growth length, diameter and density. Feminizing GAHT with estradiol and/or antiandrogens in trans women may reduce facial and body hair growth, and can improve AGA. Masculinizing GAHT with testosterone in trans men may increase facial and body hair growth as well as induce or accelerate AGA. The impact of GAHT on hair growth may not align with a transgender person’s hair growth goals and specific treatment for AGA and/or hirsutism may be sought. Further research on how GAHT affects hair growth is required.

PMID:37311161 | DOI:10.1093/ced/llad203

Plant Dis. 2023 Jun 13:PDIS09222242RE. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-09-22-2242-RE. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Stem rust is one of the major diseases threatening wheat production globally. To identify novel resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs), we performed 35K Axiom Array SNP genotyping assays on an association mapping panel of 400 germplasm accessions, including Indian landraces, in conjunction with phenotyping for stem rust at seedling and adult plant stages. Association analyses using three genome wide association study (GWAS) models (CMLM, MLMM, and FarmCPU) revealed 20 reliable QTLs for seedling and adult plant resistance. Among these 20 QTLs, five QTLs were found consistent with three models, i.e., four QTLs on chromosome 2AL, 2BL, 2DL, and 3BL for seedling resistance and one QTL on chromosome 7DS for adult plant resistance. Further, we identified a total of 21 potential candidate genes underlying QTLs using gene ontology analysis, including a leucine rich repeat receptor (LRR) and P-loop nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase, which have a role in pathogen recognition and disease resistance. Furthermore, four QTLs (Qsr.nbpgr-3B_11, QSr.nbpgr-6AS_11, QSr.nbpgr-2AL_117-6, and QSr.nbpgr-7BS_APR) were validated through KASP located on chromosomes 3B, 6A, 2A, and 7B. Out of these QTLs, QSr.nbpgr-7BS_APR was identified as a novel QTL for stem rust resistance which has been found effective in both seedling as well as the adult plant stages. Identified novel genomic regions and validated QTLs have the potential to be deployed in wheat improvement programs to develop disease resistant varieties for stem rust and can diversify the genetic basis of resistance.

PMID:37311158 | DOI:10.1094/PDIS-09-22-2242-RE

High Alt Med Biol. 2023 Jun 13. doi: 10.1089/ham.2023.0046. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Hurtado-Aréstegui, Abdías, Karina Rosales-Mendoza, Yanissa Venegas-Justiniano, José Gonzales-Polar, Rina Barreto-Jara, and Alaciel Melissa Palacios-Guillén. Hemoglobin levels in Peruvian patients with chronic kidney disease at different altitudes. High Alt Med Biol. 24:000-000, 2023. Background: Decreased hemoglobin is a manifestation of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and people who reside at high altitude adapt to hypoxia by increasing their hemoglobin. The study’s objective was to determine the influence of altitude and the associated factors on the hemoglobin levels of patients with CKD who were not on dialysis (ND). Methods: This exploratory and cross-sectional study was carried out in three Peruvian cities, located at different altitudes: (1) “sea level” (161 m), (2) “moderate altitude” (2,335 m), and “high altitude” (3,399 m). The study included female and male individuals between 20 and 90 years old, with CKD stage 3a, through stage 5. Results: Of the 256 volunteers evaluated, 92 lived at sea level, 82 at moderate altitude, and 82 at high altitude. The three groups were similar in age, number of volunteers in each CKD stage, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. Hemoglobin levels were statistically different according to gender (p = 0.024), CKD stage, and altitude (p < 0.001). High-altitude dwellers had higher hemoglobin by 2.5 g/dl (95% confidence interval: 1.8-3.1, p < 0.001) than those living at lower altitudes (adjusted for gender, age, nutritional status, and smoking habit). For all CKD stages, the high-altitude population had higher hemoglobin levels than population at moderate altitude and at sea level. Conclusion: Subjects living at high altitude with CKD stages 3 to 5 who are yet ND have higher hemoglobin levels than those who live at moderate altitude and at sea level.

PMID:37311154 | DOI:10.1089/ham.2023.0046

Salud Colect. 2023 Feb 1;19:e4203. doi: 10.18294/sc.2023.4203.

ABSTRACT

An analytical study based on Chilean birth records obtained from the Department of Statistics and Health Information (DEIS) was conducted. This study aimed to evaluate temporal trends in preterm births by maternal age in Chile from 1990 to 2018. Results show that the preterm birth rate in 1992 was 5.0% and increased to 7.2% in 2018. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was 1.44. Age groups at the extremes (19 and under and 35 and over) presented the highest rates of preterm birth, both at the beginning and at the end of the study period. The latter group showed a smaller decrease at the beginning (1992 to 1995), with an annual percentage change (APC) of -3.00. The probability of preterm birth in both groups was higher compared to the 20-34 year old group. Although Chile boasts some of the best maternal and child health indicators in the region, repercussions associated with the current postponement of maternity – including preterm birth – must be monitored.

PMID:37311139 | DOI:10.18294/sc.2023.4203