Tag: nevin manimala

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2022 Aug 1;23(8):781-787. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3385.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The present study aimed at evaluating the increase in the rate of tooth movement by increasing the number and frequency of micro-osteoperforations (MOPs).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was a single-center, split-mouth, randomized controlled trial. A total of 20 patients were included in the study who had fully erupted maxillary canines with class I molar canine relationship and a bimaxillary protrusion that required the removal of both maxillary and mandibular first premolars. Out of 80 samples, the experimental and controlled groups were randomly assigned. The experimental group received five MOPs in the extracted site of the first premolar before retraction, at 28th day and 56th day. The control group received no MOPs. The rate of tooth movement was measured on 28th, 56th, and 84th day on both the experimental and control sides.

RESULTS: In maxillary dentition, the canine on the MOP side moved by 0.65 ± 0.21 mm, 0.74 ± 0.23 mm, and 0.87 ± 0.27 mm during 28th, 56th, and 84th day, respectively, whereas in control side the rate of tooth movement was 0.37 ± 0.09 mm, 0.43 ± 0.11 mm, and 0.47 ± 0.11 mm during 28th, 56th and 84th day, respectively, which was statistically significant (p-value = 0.000). In mandibular dentition, the canine on the MOP site has moved by 0.57 ± 0.12 mm, 0.68 ± 0.21 mm, and 0.67 ± 0.10 mm during 28th, 56th, and 84th day, respectively, whereas in control side the rate of the tooth movement was 0.34 ± 0.08 mm, 0.40 ± 0.15 mm, and 0.40 ± 0.13 mm during 28th, 56th, and 84th day, respectively, which was statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: Micro-osteoperforations effectively increased the rate of tooth movement. Overall, MOPs increased the rate of canine retraction by 2-fold when compared with the control group.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Micro-osteoperforation is a proven methodology to increase the rate of tooth movement and decrease the treatment time. However, it is important to repeat the procedure during every activation to increase its effectiveness.

PMID:37283011 | DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3385

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2022 Aug 1;23(8):775-780. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3394.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The aim was to find out whether the light-tip distance affected the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets when cured with light-emitting diode (LED) and high-intensity LED at four different light-tip distances.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Extracted human premolars were divided into eight groups. Each tooth was embedded in the self-cure acrylic resin block, and brackets were bonded and cured with different lights and different distances. Shear bond strength tests were performed in vitro using the universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test.

RESULTS: The descriptive statistics for shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets cured with LED light at 0 mm was 8.49 ± 1.08 MPa, at 3 mm was 8.13 ± 0.85 MPa, 6 mm was 6.42 ± 0.42 MPa, and at 9 mm was 5.24 ± 0.92 MPa, and those cured with high-intensity light at 0 mm was 19.23 ± 4.83 MPa, at 3 mm was 17.65 ± 3.28 MPa, at 6 mm was 13.04 ± 2.36 MPa, and at 9 mm was 11.74 ± 1.4 MPa. Mean shear bond strength was found to decrease as the light-tip distance increased with both light sources.

CONCLUSION: Shear bond strength is higher when the light source is close to the surface to be cured, and it decreases as the distance increases. The highest shear bond strength was achieved with high-intensity light.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Light-emitting diode or high-intensity units can be used for bonding orthodontic brackets without compromising the shear bond strength of the brackets, and that shear bond strength is stronger when the light source is close to the surface to be cured, and it decreases as the distance increases between the light source and the surface.

PMID:37283010 | DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3394

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2022 Aug 1;23(8):768-774. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3371.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To assess the influence of remnants of filling material on hydroxyl ion diffusion from calcium hydroxide (CH) paste, measured by the pH value, in retreated teeth.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 120 single-rooted extracted teeth were prepared up to a size 35 hand file and filled. For retreatment, the specimens were divided into four groups (n = 20): ProTaper Universal Retreatment (PUR), PUR with additional instrumentation (PURA), Mtwo Retreatment (MTWR), and MTWR with additional instrumentation (MTWRA). Negative (NEG) and positive (POS) control groups were composed by 20 specimens each one. The specimens, except NEG, were filled with CH paste. The retreated groups were scanned using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for analysis of filling remnants. The pH assessment was performed at the baseline, after seven, 21, 45, and 60 days of immersion in saline. Data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk and Levene’s test, followed by a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test.

RESULTS: Additional instrumentation (PURA and MTWRA) were superior regarding removal of the filling material (p <0.05); however, without significant difference (p >0.05). The mean pH value in all groups increased (p <0.05). After 60 days, no statistical difference was observed among POS and PURA; and MTWR and MTWRA. There was less diffusion of hydroxyl ions when the amount of remnants was greater than 59%.

CONCLUSION: Additional instrumentation improved the ability to remove filling material in both systems. All groups presented increasing pH; however, the higher the amount of remnants, the lower the diffusion of hydroxyl ions.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The amount of remnants allows less diffusion of calcium hydroxyl ions. Thus, additional instrumentation improves the ability to remove these materials.

PMID:37283009 | DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3371

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2022 Sep 1;23(9):936-943. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3405.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To evaluate the factors that affect the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among children with early childhood caries (ECC).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 340 children aged between 3 and 6 who were diagnosed with ECC were enrolled in the study. Parents accompanying the children completed a questionnaire on the sociodemographic status and filled out the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) for the evaluation of OHRQoL. Data were recorded, tabulated, and statistically analyzed.

RESULTS: The study population consisted of 189 (55.6%) boys and 151 girls (44.4%). A total of 96.4% had cavitated lesions; 31.2% of the children had pain at the time of evaluation. A significant association was seen between the Decayed Missing Filled Teeth (DMFT) score of the child (p < 0.001). Pain at the time of evaluation and DMFT status had a significant association with the ECOHIS (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Early childhood caries was found to impact the OHRQoL. Pain, visible dental plaque, family income, and parental education were found to be determinants that affect the OHRQoL.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Early childhood caries significantly reduces the OHRQoL of children and their families. Pain, visible dental plaque, family income, and parental education were found to influence the OHRQoL. Teaching parents the importance of oral health and preventive treatment will help prevent the occurrence of ECC.

PMID:37283002 | DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3405

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2022 Sep 1;23(9):924-929. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3410.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study is to evaluate dental healthcare workers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward hepatitis B infection.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional self-administered, structured questionnaire survey that was conducted in Khartoum/Sudan. The questionnaire was completed by 177 dental healthcare providers who practice in public dental clinics in Khartoum state. The completion rate was 100%.

RESULTS: The study participants showed relatively acceptable knowledge of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The majority (98.3%) were familiar with hepatitis B infection. About 93% answered correctly that blood, blood products, and needles/sharps are the route of transmission of HBV. About 65.5% completed HBV vaccination. About 59.3% had a history of needle sticks and only 16% reported their injury. Dentists and nurses almost had the same knowledge, but dentists were slightly having better knowledge in some aspects. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used. Chi-square test was used to determine the relationship between categorical variables.

CONCLUSION: Most of the study participants were aware of HBV infection, routes of transmission, prevention, and necessity of vaccination, but they are deficient in some areas, like needle-stick injury protocol and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). The study revealed a low level of HBV vaccination coverage rate. Further strategies for preventing workplace exposure, training programs on HBV infection, including PEP, and increasing the vaccination coverage rate of all healthcare workers are highly recommended.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Dental healthcare workers are at high risk of acquiring hepatitis B infection. The majority of exposure in dentistry is preventable. Understanding the knowledge and awareness of dental health toward hepatitis B is crucial to design and apply preventive measures to control transmission and potential complications.

PMID:37283000 | DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3410

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2022 Sep 1;23(9):907-912. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3392.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the most common shades of maxillary central incisor, canine and first molar and to confirm the shade difference between maxillary central incisor and canine in a young population of 18-25 years.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The shade of the maxillary central incisor, canine, and first molar of 100 study participants in a young population between 18 and 25 years were measured by digital spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade). The shade of each tooth was assessed thrice with a digital spectrophotometer at the center of the tooth. Statistical analysis was performed; Chi-squared test was applied to assess the difference in shades.

RESULTS: For the age-group of 18-25 years, the most common shade of maxillary central incisor is A1 and for canine and first molar the most common shade is B3. A highly statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) was observed between teeth, suggesting a definitive shade difference between teeth.

CONCLUSION: A definitive shade difference exists between the maxillary central incisor and the canine, with the canine being darker in shade than the central incisor. This result can be implied clinically while restoring maxillary anterior teeth to yield a better esthetic outcome.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study reveals that there is a definitive shade difference between the Anterior teeth which should be considered while smile designing to replicate the natural appearance in a patient. Using a digital spectrometer makes the process of shade selection objective thereby eliminating any subjective variations.

PMID:37282998 | DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3392

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2022 Sep 1;23(9):900-906. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3409.

ABSTRACT

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets with primer pre-curing and co-curing using three light cure adhesive systems.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this in vitro study, 102 extracted premolar teeth mounted on self-cure acrylic resin blocks were separated into six groups based on primer pre-curing and co-curing with each group receiving stainless steel orthodontic premolar brackets bonded to the buccal surfaces. The following adhesives were used: Transbond XT (3M Unitek, CA, USA), Orthofix (Anabond Stedman, India), and Enlight (Ormco, India). In the groups with pre-curing, the primer was pre-cured for 20 seconds while in the groups with co-curing, the primer and adhesive were cured together. Shear bond strength tests and Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) were assessed followed by an scanning electron microscope (SEM) view (×3000) of the enamel surface after debonding. Statistical analysis was done using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test.

RESULTS: The descriptive statistics in the pre-cured groups showed a statistically significant difference. The highest mean SBS was observed for group I, i.e., Transbond XT with primer pre-curing (20.56 ± 3.22 MPa). The lowest mean SBS was for group IV, i.e., Orthofix with primer co-curing (7.57 + 0.49 MPa). The results of ANOVA revealed a significant difference among the groups. The ARI scoring and the SEM analysis also confirmed this finding.

CONCLUSION: Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets with primer pre-curing showed a better bond strength than brackets with co-curing. The ARI data suggested that the majority of bracket failure happened at the resin-bracket interface. Scanning electron microscope analysis also confirmed the ARI and SBS findings.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: During the bonding of orthodontic brackets, the primer can be co-cured where the primer and adhesive resin are cured simultaneously or pre-cured where the primer is cured separately. Most orthodontic clinicians to save time co-cure primer. Both these methods affect the SBS of brackets.

PMID:37282997 | DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3409

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2022 Sep 1;23(9):895-899. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3372.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The aim of this research was to assess the binding of fibrin clot to the teeth affected by periodontal disease following exposure to different root conditioning agents.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 human teeth with a solitary root that were subjected to extraction following severe periodontal disease were used as study samples in this research. Two analogous grooves were prepared on the proximal radicular surface of every sample employing a diamond-tapered fissure bur using an aerator handpiece beneath abundant irrigation. Every sample was assigned to one of the following groups: • Group I: Tetracycline hydrochloride solution • Group II: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) gel • Group III: Biopure MTAD™ Subsequent to conditioning, the samples were rinsed for 3 minutes with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and permitted to air-dry for 20 minutes. A drop of fresh human whole blood procured from a hale and hearty volunteer was coated onto the dentin blocks in all three groups. A scanning electron microscope under 5000× magnification at 15 kV was used to examine the samples. Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test were performed to procure the inter- and intragroup assessments Results: The greatest fibrin clot union was noted in the EDTA gel group at 2.86 ± 0.14 in pursuit by Biopure MTAD™ group at 2.39 ± 0.08 as well as tetracycline hydrochloride solution group at 1.82 ± 0.10. A statistically significant difference was noted between the investigational groups (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: This research arrived at a conclusion that the dentinal surfaces subjected to conditioning with EDTA gel group as well as coated with human whole blood resulted in appreciably superior fibrin clot bonding to dentin vs Biopure MTAD™ as well as the tetracycline hydrochloride solution group.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Connective tissue attachment subsequent to surgical procedures causing the adhesion of a fibrin clot to the radicular surface as a result of initial wound healing processes is directly related to periodontal regeneration. It depends on biocompatibility for the fibrin clot and the periodontal pathosis-affected radicular surface to stick together, which can be procured with the aid of a variety of root conditioning measures in course of periodontal treatment.

PMID:37282996 | DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3372

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2022 Sep 1;23(9):883-888. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3389.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To study the impact of three different surface treatments namely sandblasting, silane-coupling agent, and laser on the retention of zirconia prosthesis and bond strength of zirconia to a resin-luting agent.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty zirconia crowns were fabricated and were divided into four groups of 15 samples each on the basis of surface treatments. A control group with no surface treatment (group A), laser-treated (group B), treatment with silane-coupling agent (group C), and sandblasting with aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) particles (group D). Testing was then carried out using a universal testing machine (0.5 mm/min crosshead speed). At a point where the crown got separated from the tooth, the reading in kilogram force (kgF) was recorded. The data were collected and analyzed statistically.

RESULTS: Group D produced the highest mean bond strength (17.5233 kgF) followed by group B (10.0067 kgF), group C (8.6907 kgF), and group A (3.3773 kgF). One-way ANOVA test showed a p-value more than 0.05, concluding no significant difference among the groups. Tukey’s HSD post hoc test gave the p-value corresponding to the F-statistic of one-way ANOVA lower than 0.01 when intergroup comparison was done confirming a significant difference among the groups.

CONCLUSION: The bond strength significantly increased in the samples treated by sandblasting compared with those treated with laser and silane-coupling agents.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The success of a zirconia prosthesis lies on its bonding with the tooth structure. Bond failure leads to loss of function and hence ends up in failure. Selection of the proper surface treatment will not only improve the bond strength but also amplify the retention of zirconia-based prosthesis, thereby reducing the failure of the final prosthesis. It also improves the longevity of the prosthesis and restores the lost function which is the basic clinical aim of a prosthodontic treatment.

PMID:37282994 | DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3389

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2022 Sep 1;23(9):877-882. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3397.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To evaluate the perspectives of parents and children on the impact of early childhood caries (ECC) on the oral health-related quality of life (OHQoF).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: About 400 children aged 3-5 years were recruited for the study. About 200 children who were caries-free were the controls for the study. The remaining 200 consisted of children who were diagnosed with ECC and required dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia. Oral health-related quality of life was recorded at baseline and 6 months after intervention using the Michigan oral health-related quality of life scale. Data were analyzed and evaluated using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25.0.

RESULTS: Children with ECC were found to have a significantly lower oral health-related quality of life compared with caries-free children, and a statistically significant difference was seen between both groups. The main concern for both parents and children at baseline was pain at the first visit when the evaluation was done. After the intervention, a significant improvement in the oral health-related quality of life was seen.

CONCLUSION: Early childhood caries was found to have detrimental effects on the oral health-related quality of life. Full-mouth rehabilitation under general anesthesia was found to bring a significant improvement in the oral health-related quality of life. The perspectives of both parents and children were found to be similar.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Early childhood caries has an impact on the lives of children and their parents. Oral health-related quality of life was low with children suffering from ECC. Full-mouth rehabilitation under general anesthesia can significantly improve the OHRQoL of children. Continuous monitoring of the children with regular follow-ups and parental education should be enforced to prevent the relapse of ECC.

PMID:37282993 | DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3397