Tag: nevin manimala

J Affect Disord. 2023 Jun 2:S0165-0327(23)00752-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.001. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The mood-concordance bias is a key feature of major depressive disorder (MDD), but the spatiotemporal neural activity associated with emotional processing in MDD remains unclear. Understanding the dysregulated connectivity patterns during emotional processing and their relationship with clinical symptoms could provide insights into MDD neuropathology.

METHODS: We enrolled 108 MDD patients and 64 healthy controls (HCs) who performed an emotion recognition task during magnetoencephalography recording. Network-based statistics (NBS) was used to analyze whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) across different frequency ranges during distinct temporal periods. The relationship between the aberrant FC and affective symptoms was explored.

RESULTS: MDD patients exhibited decreased FC strength in the beta band (13-30 Hz) compared to HCs. During the early stage of emotional processing (0-100 ms), reduced FC was observed between the left parahippocampal gyrus and the left cuneus. In the late stage (250-400 ms), aberrant FC was primarily found in the cortex-limbic-striatum systems. Moreover, the FC strength between the right fusiform gyrus and left thalamus, and between the left calcarine fissure and left inferior temporal gyrus were negatively associated with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) scores.

LIMITATIONS: Medication information was not involved.

CONCLUSION: MDD patients exhibited abnormal temporal-spatial neural interactions in the beta band, ranging from early sensory to later cognitive processing stages. These aberrant interactions involve the cortex-limbic-striatum circuit. Notably, aberrant FC in may serve as a potential biomarker for assessing depression severity.

PMID:37271293 | DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.001

J Affect Disord. 2023 Jun 2:S0165-0327(23)00754-1. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.003. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Lower socioeconomic status is known to be associated with high mental health burden, there have been few epidemiological studies showing how socioeconomic status has modified the effect of COVID-19 on anxiety and depression.

METHODS: We analyzed data from the National Health Interview Survey in the United States between 2019 and 2021 and used respondents with a documented income-to-poverty ratio as a measure of income level (n = 79,468). We used frequency of medication use and self-reported frequency of anxious and depressive episodes as the main outcome measures. We performed a multivariable logistic regression with a two-way interaction term between income and survey year.

RESULTS: We found a statistically significant worsening of depression and anxiety metrics in respondents with higher income levels from 2019 to 2021. We did not observe a significant change in anxiety and depression metrics for low-income respondents over the same period.

LIMITATIONS: The data from the NHIS survey is limited primarily by sampling bias (response rate of 50.7 % in 2021), as well as the self-reported nature of the one of the outcome measures.

CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that, within the limits of the National Health Interview Survey, mental health outcomes were worse but stable in a socioeconomically disadvantaged demographic between 2019 and 2021. In a higher socioeconomic bracket, mental health outcomes were less severe than the disadvantaged demographic but were worsening at a greater rate.

PMID:37271292 | DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.003

J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2023 Jun 2:101526. doi: 10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101526. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The mandible’s ongoing development presents a contraindication for combined orthodontic-orthognathic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mandibular stability before and after preoperative orthodontic treatment in late adolescent patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion and to investigate the most appropriate time to start preoperative orthodontic treatment.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study population consisted of 58 adolescents, aged between 15 and 21 years, with skeletal Class III malocclusion; the adolescents underwent CT scans at the beginning (T1) and the end (T2) of preoperative orthodontic treatment. The CT data were analyzed using ITK-SNAP and 3D Slicer software, and the effects of age and gender on mandibular development were investigated.

RESULTS: In these 58 patients, there were no significant local bone alterations in the condyle and anterior chin point between T1 and T2 and no significant changes in the mandibular branch height, mandibular body length, condylar distance, and mandibular angle distance (p>0.05). The mandibular growth at the angel of mandible was statistically significant (p<0.05), but it was not clinically significant because the mean value of the growth was small (right: 0.416±0.986 mm, left: 0.328±0.886 mm). No effect of age and gender on mandibular development was observed.

CONCLUSION: The mandibular morphology was stable during preoperative orthodontic treatment in patients at the late adolescent stage. This study provides evidence for the possibility of early implementation of preoperative orthodontics.

PMID:37271262 | DOI:10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101526

J Arthroplasty. 2023 Jun 2:S0883-5403(23)00571-5. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.05.048. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Orthopaedic surgery has seen improvement in its representation of women, whereas the representation of racial/ethnic minorities has remained stagnant over the past decade. Overall, the surgical field lags behind other specialties in sex and racial/ethnic parity. Although demographic disparities within orthopaedics have been analyzed for both residents and faculty members, information for adult reconstruction fellows remains limited.

METHODS: Sex and race/ethnicity demographics for adult reconstruction orthopaedic fellowship matriculants were collected via a database published by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) from 2007 to 2021. Statistical analyses including descriptive statistics and significance testing, were performed.

RESULTS: During the 14-year time frame, men trainees remained high with an overall average percentage of 88% and demonstrated increasing representation (P-trend = .012). White Non-Hispanics, Asians, Blacks, and Hispanics represented on average 54, 11, 3, and 4%, respectively. White Non-Hispanics (P-trend = .039) and Asians (P-trend = .030) saw increasing and decreasing representation, respectively. Women, Blacks, and Hispanics remained relatively stagnant throughout the observation period as no trends were appreciable (P-trend > .05, each).

CONCLUSION: Using publicly available demographic data from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) from 2007 to 2021, we found relatively limited progress in the representation of women and those from traditionally marginalized groups seeking additional training in adult reconstruction. Our findings mark an initial step in measuring the diversity (or lack thereof) among adult reconstruction fellows. Further research is needed to ascertain specific factors likely to attract and retain members from minoritized groups into orthopaedics.

PMID:37271237 | DOI:10.1016/j.arth.2023.05.048

J Arthroplasty. 2023 Jun 2:S0883-5403(23)00568-5. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.05.043. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the postoperative outcomes over a period of 3 years in patients who underwent bilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using mid-vastus versus medial parapatellar approaches.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, two propensity-matched cohorts of patients who underwent simultaneous bilateral TKA via midvastus (MV, n=100) and medial parapatellar (MPP, n=100) approaches from January 2017 to December 2018 were compared. Surgical parameters compared were surgery time and the incidence of lateral retinacular release (LRR). Clinical parameters including the visual analog score (VAS) for pain, time for straight leg raise (SLR), range of motion (ROM), the Knee Society Score (KSS), and the Feller patellar score (FPS) were assessed in the early postoperative, and follow-up periods up to 3 years. Radiographs were evaluated for alignment, patellar tilt, and displacement.

RESULTS: LRR was performed on 17 knees (8.5%) in the MPP group and 4 knees (2%) in the MV group which was significant (P=0.03). The time to SLR was significantly lower in the MV group. There was no statistically significant difference in the length of hospital stay between the groups. The VAS, ROM, and KSS were better in the MV group within 1 month (P <0.05), but no significant differences were found later. Patellar scores, rate of patellofemoral complications, radiographic patellar tilt, and displacements were similar at all follow-up periods. The higher LRR needed in the MPP approach did not compromise the outcome scores or complication rate.

CONCLUSION: In our study, the MV approach had faster SLR, less LRR, and better pain and function scores in the first few weeks after TKA. However, its effect on different patient outcomes has not been sustained at 1 month and further follow-up points. The approach and LRR did not affect the patellar scores and patellar tracking. We recommend that surgeons use the surgical approach with which they are most familiar.

PMID:37271236 | DOI:10.1016/j.arth.2023.05.043

J Arthroplasty. 2023 Jun 2:S0883-5403(23)00570-3. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.05.046. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively examine the relationship between pre- and post-operative alignment in robotic unicompartmental knee arthroplasty and postoperative patient-reported outcome measures.

METHODS: A retrospective review of 374 patients who underwent robotic-assisted UKA was conducted. Patient demographics, history, and pre- and post-operative Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement (KOOS-JR) scores were obtained via chart review. Average follow-up period was 2.4 years (range: 0.4-4.5 years) to chart review and 9.5 months (range: 6-48 months) to latest KOOS-JR. Pre- and post-operative robotically-measured knee alignment was obtained from operative reports. Incidence of conversion to total knee arthroplasty was determined by review of a health information exchange tool.

RESULTS: Multivariate regressions showed no statistically significant relationship between preoperative alignment, postoperative alignment, or degrees of alignment correction and change in KOOS-JR score or achievement of KOOS-JR MCID (P > 0.05). Patients who had > 8 degrees of postoperative varus alignment had on average a 20% lower achievement of KOOS-JR MCID compared to patients who had < 8 degrees of postoperative varus alignment; however, this difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There were three patients who required conversion to total knee arthroplasty in the follow-up period, with no significant relationship to alignment variables (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in KOOS-JR change for those patients who had a larger or smaller degree of deformity correction, and correction did not predict MCID achievement. The results of this study contributes to the ongoing discussion of expanding indications for UKAs.

PMID:37271235 | DOI:10.1016/j.arth.2023.05.046

Am J Emerg Med. 2023 May 24;70:119-126. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.05.010. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: P2Y inhibitor and morphine are widely used in caring for patients with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS), but there are some concerns about the combination use due to interaction in metabolism. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether using morphine with antiplatelets in patients with ACS affects the clinical outcomes based on currently available evidence.

METHODS: Three databases were searched for comparative studies on this topic by using relevant keywords of ACS and morphine. Two authors independently extracted study information, mortality, major adverse cardiac event (MACE), major bleeding, and length of hospital stay. Then, they evaluated the quality of evidence independently. Meta-analysis was planned to be conducted in random-effects model. Risk ratio (RR) was used for most outcomes except hospital stay, and Peto odds ratio (POR) was used if there were any zero cells. Pooled estimate was presented with 95% confidence interval (CI).

RESULTS: Fourteen studies (n = 73,033) met eligibility criteria, and there was non-significant difference in mortality between antiplatelet with and without morphine (RR = 1.13, 95%CI: 0.78 to 1.64). Antiplatelet therapy without morphine significantly reduced the risk of MACE (RR = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.67 to 0.89; I-square = 0%), but increased the odds of major bleeding (POR = 1.87, 95%CI: 1.04 to 3.35; I-square = 0%) as compared with the combined use of antiplatelet therapy and morphine.

CONCLUSION: In conclusion, there is no statistically significant difference in mortality in patients with ACS using morphine or not, but clinicians ought to make a trade-off between a lower risk of MACE and a higher risk of major bleeding before adding morphine to antiplatelet therapy.

PMID:37270851 | DOI:10.1016/j.ajem.2023.05.010

J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2023 Jun 1;39(2):0. doi: 10.2987/22-7094.

ABSTRACT

We compared the effectiveness of 4 different carbon dioxide (CO2) sources (sugar-fermented BG-CO2, sugar-fermented Fleischmann yeast, dry ice, and compressed gas cylinders) in attracting different mosquito species in 2 separate 4 × 4 Latin square trials. The CO2 generated by dry ice and the gas cylinders collected more Culex quinquefasciatus than the sugar-fermented BG-CO2 and Fleischmann yeasts during the 1st trial (16-h surveillance periods), but there was no significant difference in Aedes aegypti numbers. There were no significant differences between the different CO2 sources in collecting Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in the 2nd trial (24-h surveillance periods). Catches for Culiseta inornata and Cx. tarsalis were too low in both experiments for formal statistical analysis. Data can be used to inform local mosquito surveillance programs, but the selection of a CO2 source will also depend on financial and logistical constraints.

PMID:37270849 | DOI:10.2987/22-7094

Neuroreport. 2023 Jun 7;34(10):521-525. doi: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000001918. Epub 2023 May 20.

ABSTRACT

In modern society, visual symbols such as logos, icons, and letters have become essential for communication and cognition, playing a crucial role in daily life. This study focuses on app icons, a frequently encountered type of symbol, and aims to investigate the neural mechanisms involved in their recognition. Specifically, our objective is to identify the timing and location of brain activity associated with this process. We presented participants with familiar and unfamiliar app icons and asked them to perform a repetition detection task while recording the event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by these stimuli. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in the ERPs between familiar and unfamiliar icons, occurring around 220 ms in the parietooccipital scalp region. The source analysis indicated that this ERP difference originated in the ventral occipitotemporal cortex, specifically the fusiform gyrus. These findings suggest that the recognition of familiar app icons results in the activation of the ventral occipitotemporal cortex approximately 220 ms after exposure. Additionally, our findings, in conjunction with previous research on visual word recognition, suggest that the lexical orthographic processing of visual words is dependent on general visual processing mechanisms that are also involved in the recognition of familiar app icons. In essence, the ventral occipitotemporal cortex likely plays a crucial role in memorizing and recognizing visual symbols and objects, including familiar visual words.

PMID:37270845 | DOI:10.1097/WNR.0000000000001918

Technol Health Care. 2023 May 25. doi: 10.3233/THC-230074. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Undesirable effects of tooth bleaching can alter the biomechanical properties of enamel.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of strontium fluorophosphate bioactive glass (Sr-FPG) on color, microhardness and surface roughness of enamel bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide.

METHODS: The labial enamel of 36 extracted intact human anterior teeth were divided into 3 groups (n= 12), group 1 (HP): bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide only, group 2 (Sr-HP): bleaching with Sr-FPG incorporated 35% hydrogen peroxide and group 3 (HP-SrFPG): bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide followed by remineralization with Sr-FPG. Four consecutive eight-minute applications of the bleaching gel were done twice in all the groups. Color change (ΔE), microhardness and surface roughness were evaluated at baseline, post-bleaching and post-remineralization using spectrophotometer, Vickers hardness tester and profilometric analysis respectively.

RESULTS: The mean ΔE among the groups was statistically similar (p> 0.05). Bleaching with HP significantly reduced microhardness (p< 0.05), whereas bleaching with Sr-HP and HP-SrFPG did not (p> 0.05). Post-bleaching microhardness in Sr-HP was significantly higher than HP-SrFPG (p< 0.05). An increased surface roughness was seen in Sr-HP bleached samples (p< 0.05).

CONCLUSION: The addition of Sr-FPG to hydrogen peroxide significantly improved enamel microhardness than its use post-bleaching. An increase in surface roughness was seen post-bleaching with HP and Sr-HP.

PMID:37270825 | DOI:10.3233/THC-230074