Tag: nevin manimala

Clin Oral Investig. 2023 May 27. doi: 10.1007/s00784-023-05085-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Teethmate desensitizer, a dentin bonding agent (DBA), Nd:YAG laser, and Er:YAG laser, which provides dentin tubule occlusion in the pulp chamber with different mechanisms, in preventing tooth discoloration due to regenerative endodontic treatment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred five extracted maxillary human incisors with single roots and single canals were included in the study. The apical third of each tooth was resected below the enamel-cementum junction (CEJ) to obtain a standard root length as 10 ± 1 mm. Root canal preparation was performed using the ProTaper Next files up to X5. Root canals were prepared with Gates Glidden (# 2-4) burs to simulate the immature root apex and an apical diameter of 1.1 ± 0.1 mm was obtained. The teeth were randomly divided into 7 groups (n = 15): DBA, Teethmate, Nd:YAG, Er:YAG, Biodentine, Blood, and Negative Control. Relevant dentin tubule occlusion methods were applied to DBA, Teethmate, Nd:YAG, and Er:YAG groups. Following dentin tubule occlusion procedures, Biodentine was placed on the blood clot after filling the root canals with blood up to 4 mm below the CEJ. No dentin tubule occlusion procedure was applied for Blood and Biodentine groups. Color measurement was performed with the spectrophotometer Vita Easyshade Advance before treatment, immediately after treatment, and at days 7, 30, and 90. Data were converted to L*a*b color values of Commission International de I’Eclairage (CIE L*a*b) and ΔE values were calculated. Two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test (p = 0.05) were performed for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: A clinically detectable color change was observed in all groups except for the negative control (ΔE ≥ 3,3). It was observed that Biodentine used alone has a potential for discoloration. It was determined that as the contact time with blood increased, tooth discoloration increased. However, no significant difference was found between dentin tubule occlusion methods in preventing color change (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: It was determined that no dentin tubule occlusion method could 100% prevent discoloration caused by RET.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: DBA and Teethmate, which do not have a significant difference in terms of preventing color change, are considered to be suitable for dentin tubule occlusion due to their ease of application and low cost compared to Nd:YAG laser and Er:YAG laser.

PMID:37243821 | DOI:10.1007/s00784-023-05085-0

Clin Oral Investig. 2023 May 27. doi: 10.1007/s00784-023-05067-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study proposed a conceptual framework for reporting Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) Axis I conditions and investigated the prevalence of TMD subtypes/categories in patients from Confucian heritage cultures. Variances in gender, age, and TMD chronicity between Chinese (CN) and Korean (KR) patients were also explored.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects were recruited from consecutive patients seeking care at two University-based centers in Beijing and Seoul. Eligible patients completed a demographic survey as well as the DC/TMD Symptom Questionnaire and were clinically examined according to the DC/TMD methodology. Axis I diagnoses were subsequently rendered with the DC/TMD algorithms and documented using the stratified reporting framework. Statistical evaluations were performed with chi-square, Mann-Whitney U tests, and logistic regression analysis (α = 0.05).

RESULTS: Data of 2008 TMD patients (mean age 34.8 ± 16.2 years) were appraised. Substantial differences in female-to-male ratio (CN > KR), age (KR > CN), and TMD duration (KR > CN) were observed. Ranked frequencies of the most common Axis I diagnoses were: CN – disc displacements (69.7%) > arthralgia (39.9%) > degenerative joint disease (36.7%); KR – disc displacements (81.0%) > myalgia (60.2%) > arthralgia (56.1%). Concerning TMD categories, notable differences in the prevalence of intra-articular (CN 55.1% > KR 15.4%) and combined (KR 71.8% > CN 33.4%) TMDs were discerned.

CONCLUSIONS: Though culturally similar, the two countries require disparate TMD care planning/prioritization. While TMJ disorders in children/adolescents and young adults should be emphasized in China, the focus in Korea would be on TMD pain in young and middle-aged adults.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Besides culture, other variables including socioeconomic, environmental, and psychosocial factors can influence the clinical presentation of TMDs. Chinese and Korean TMD patients exhibited significantly more intra-articular and combined TMDs respectively.

PMID:37243820 | DOI:10.1007/s00784-023-05067-2

Clin Oral Investig. 2023 May 27. doi: 10.1007/s00784-023-05046-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have shown that aligners have limited ability to control root movements. The purpose of this study was to investigate which modification geometry and foil thickness are optimal for generating the force-moment (F/M) systems required for palatal root torque of maxillary central incisors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tooth 11 was separated from a maxillary acrylic model and connected to a movement unit via a 3D F/M sensor. Different modification geometries (crescent, capsular, double-spherical) with different depths were digitally implemented in the labio-cervical region of tooth 11 to induce an increased contact force. We evaluated the F/M systems exerted by aligners with thicknesses of 0.4-1.0 mm. F/M measurements were taken with tooth 11 in the neutral position and during palatal displacement of tooth 11 (simulating its initial clinical movement).

RESULTS: The mechanical requirements of palatal root torque are a palatally directed force (- Fy) and a palatal root torquing moment (- Mx). These requirements were reliably achieved with modification depths > 0.5 mm. The modification depth and foil thickness had a significant influence on – Fy magnitudes (linear mixed-effect models, p < 0.01). With the 0.75-mm aligners combined with 1.5-mm deep modifications, the palatal root torque range (palTR) started after an initial palatal crown displacement of 0.09, 0.12, and 0.12 mm for the capsular, crescent, and double-spherical modification geometries, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: A relatively early start of the palatal torque range (after a 0.1-mm palatal crown displacement) and appropriate – Fy magnitudes were achieved with 0.75-mm-thick aligners containing 1.5-mm deep capsular or crescent pressure regions. Subsequent clinical trials are required to confirm the clinical effects of these modifications.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In vitro testing indicated that modified aligners are capable of generating the F/M components required for palatal root torque of upper central incisors.

PMID:37243819 | DOI:10.1007/s00784-023-05046-7

J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2023 May 27. doi: 10.1007/s00432-023-04873-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine if depth of infiltration is the only risk factor that will determine the outcomes in early-stage buccal mucosa patients or do the other minor risk factors have an impact too.

METHODS: It is a retrospective analysis of 226 patients with early-stage buccal mucosa cancer who were treated with curative intent from 2010 to 2020. These patients were grouped in two arms, surgery alone (n = 111) and surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy (n = 115). Patients were followed up and local and regional recurrences and distant metastasis were recorded.

RESULTS: Our results show that addition of radiation to the standard surgery arm improves overall survival and disease-free survival, though the improvement in overall survival was not statistically significant. This improvement was more pronounced in the depth of infiltration > 5 mm and in 5 mm or less depth of infiltration this benefit was not statistically significant. Other factors like perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, tumour size, node positive, margin positive were considered for univariate analysis. Although there was a trend towards improvement of OS and DFS, it was not statistically significant as far as these factors are concerned.

CONCLUSION: The role of adjuvant radiation in early-stage cancers of buccal mucosa is a crucial tool with definitive DFS benefit and requires more prospective trials to answer the OS benefit.

PMID:37243817 | DOI:10.1007/s00432-023-04873-1

Asia Pac J Public Health. 2023 May 27:10105395231176611. doi: 10.1177/10105395231176611. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Smokers are not the only ones who suffer the effects of tobacco; those around them are also harmed, particularly vulnerable groups such as pregnant women. This study aims to describe the prevalence of secondhand smoke (SHS) among pregnant women and the factors associated with SHS exposure. This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at Central Women’s Hospital in the Yangon Region in 2022. The prevalence of SHS exposure was described, and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the associated factors. Out of 407 participants, the prevalence of SHS exposure was 65.4%. Education level, religion, smoking rules at home, visiting public places, and avoidance of SHS during pregnancy were significantly associated with SHS exposure. The findings highlight the need for community guidance programs, policies, and interventions to establish smoke-free environments. It is also important to conduct behavioral interventions for smokers, especially to avoid SHS for pregnant women.

PMID:37243481 | DOI:10.1177/10105395231176611

Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2023 May 27:e14613. doi: 10.1111/nmo.14613. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Over-the-counter supplements are commonly used to manage chronic constipation; however, their efficacy remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the effect of food, vitamin or mineral supplements on stool output, gut transit time, symptoms, and quality of life in adults with chronic constipation via a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

METHODS: Studies were identified using electronic databases, backward citation, and hand-searching abstracts. RCTs reporting administration of food supplements (e.g., fruit extract supplements), vitamin or mineral supplements in adults with chronic constipation were included. Studies administering whole foods (e.g., fruits) were excluded. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed with Cochrane RoB 2.0. Relative risks (RR), mean differences (MD), or standardized mean differences (95% confidence intervals [CI]) were calculated using a random-effects model.

KEY RESULTS: Eight RCTs (787 participants) were included, investigating kiwifruit (n = 3 RCTs), senna (n = 2), magnesium oxide (n = 2), Ziziphus jujuba (n = 1), and Malva Sylvestris (n = 1) supplements. Kiwifruit supplements did not impact stool frequency (MD 0.24 bowel movements/week [-0.32, 0.80]; p = 0.40) or consistency (MD -0.11 Bristol points [-0.31, 0.09], p = 0.29). Overall, 61% responded to senna and 28% to control; however, this did not reach statistical significance (RR 2.78, [0.93, 8.27]; p = 0.07). Overall, 68% responded to magnesium oxide and 19% to control (RR 3.32 [1.59, 6.92]; p = 0.001). Magnesium oxide improved stool frequency (MD 3.72 bowel movements/week [1.41, 6.03]; p = 0.002) and consistency (MD 1.14 Bristol points [0.48, 1.79]; p = 0.0007).

CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES: Magnesium oxide supplements are effective at improving cardinal symptoms of chronic constipation. Senna and kiwifruit supplements did not impact symptoms; however, findings were based on a small number of studies. Further research is required to investigate the effect of food supplements (e.g., kiwifruit supplements), as well as their whole food equivalents (e.g., whole kiwifruits) in chronic constipation.

PMID:37243443 | DOI:10.1111/nmo.14613

Public Health Rep. 2023 May 27:333549231176006. doi: 10.1177/00333549231176006. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: COVID-19 vaccines are widely available, but uptake is suboptimal. To develop strategies to increase vaccination rates, we sought to (1) characterize adults initially hesitant to be vaccinated for COVID-19 who later received the vaccine and (2) identify factors associated with their vaccination decision.

METHODS: In January 2021, we conducted an online survey of US adults via Prolific that assessed vaccination intent, COVID-19-related knowledge and attitudes, and demographic characteristics. In May 2021, we recontacted respondents to assess vaccination status and factors influencing their vaccination decision. We used χ² statistics and t tests to examine associations between respondents’ vaccination status and their characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes. We analyzed reasons for vaccination using thematic analysis.

RESULTS: Of 756 initially vaccine-hesitant respondents, 529 (70.0%) completed the follow-up survey. Nearly half of those initially not sure about vaccination (47.3%, 112 of 237) were vaccinated at follow-up, while 21.2% (62 of 292) of those initially planning not to be vaccinated were vaccinated at follow-up. Of those initially not sure, higher educational attainment, greater knowledge of COVID-19, and a doctor’s recommendation were associated with vaccination. Of those initially intending not to be vaccinated, male sex, Democratic political affiliation, receipt of an influenza shot within 5 years, being more worried about COVID-19, and having greater COVID-19 knowledge were associated with increased likelihood of being vaccinated. Of 167 respondents who gave reasons for vaccination, protecting oneself and others (59.9%), practical issues (29.9%), social influences (17.4%), and vaccine safety (13.8%) were the main reasons.

CONCLUSION: Providing information on the protective value of vaccination, implementing rules that make remaining unvaccinated burdensome, making vaccination easy, and providing social support may influence vaccine-hesitant adults to accept vaccination.

PMID:37243439 | DOI:10.1177/00333549231176006

Eur J Neurol. 2023 May 27. doi: 10.1111/ene.15896. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The association between Parkinson’s disease (PD) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has been shown in previous reports. However, the association between the severity of AMD and PD development is unknown.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the association of AMD with/without visual disability (VD) with the risk of PD occurrence using the National Health Insurance data in South Korea.

METHODS: A total of 4,205,520 individuals, older than or equal to 50 years and without a previous diagnosis of PD, participated in the Korean National Health Screening Program in 2009. AMD was verified using diagnostic codes, and participants with VD were defined as those with loss of vision or visual field defect as certified by the Korean government. The participants were followed up until 31 December, 2019, and incident cases of PD were identified using registered diagnostic codes. The hazard ratio was calculated for groups (control and AMD with/without visual disability) using multivariable adjusted Cox regression analysis.

RESULTS: In total, 37,507 participants (0.89%) were diagnosed with PD. Among individuals with AMD, the risk of PD development was higher in individuals with VD (aHR 1.35, 95% CI 1.09-1.67) than those without (aHR 1.22, 95% CI 1.15-1.30) compared with controls. Additionally, an increased risk of PD was observed in individuals with AMD compared with controls, regardless of the presence of VD (aHR 1.23, 95% CI 1.16-1.31).

CONCLUSIONS: VD in AMD was associated with the development of PD. This suggests that neurodegeneration in PD and AMD may have common pathways.

PMID:37243434 | DOI:10.1111/ene.15896

Trop Med Int Health. 2023 May 27. doi: 10.1111/tmi.13901. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Leprosy still represents a public health concern in Brazil. The country is the only one in America not to reach the global goal of leprosy disease control. Hence, this study aimed to assess the temporal, spatial and space-time patterns of leprosy cases in Brazil of the 20-year time series 2001-2020.

METHODS: An ecological and population-based analysis was carried out, applying temporal and spatial techniques, and using the detection coefficient of sociodemographic and clinical-epidemiological variables of leprosy new cases in the 5570 municipalities of Brazil. Temporal trends were assessed using a segmented linear regression model. For spatial analysis, global and local Moran indexes were applied, and space-time scan statistics was used to identify risk clusters.

RESULTS: The mean detection coefficient was 19.36/100,000 inhabitants, with a higher occurrence among men (21.29/100,000 inhabitants) and in the 60-69 age group (36.31/100,000). A decreasing temporal trend was observed in the country (annual percentage change: -5.20% per year). The North and Midwest regions were the most affected, exhibiting municipalities with a high/high standard, and with the highest annual percentage increase of multibacillary (MB) cases. Leprosy has a heterogeneous distribution throughout Brazil, but with high-risk spatiotemporal clusters, mainly located in the North and Midwest regions.

CONCLUSION: Although Brazil has shown a decreasing temporal trend during the past 20 years, the country is still classified as highly endemic for leprosy, showing an increase in the proportion of new MB cases over the years.

PMID:37243431 | DOI:10.1111/tmi.13901

J Magn Reson Imaging. 2023 May 27. doi: 10.1002/jmri.28826. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has been considered for chronic liver disease (CLD) characterization. Grading of liver fibrosis is important for disease management.

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between DWI’s parameters and CLD-related features (particularly regarding fibrosis assessment).

STUDY TYPE: Retrospective.

SUBJECTS: Eighty-five patients with CLD (age: 47.9 ± 15.5, 42.4% females).

FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 3-T, spin echo-echo planar imaging (SE-EPI) with 12 b-values (0-800 s/mm² ).

ASSESSMENT: Several models statistical models, stretched exponential model, and intravoxel incoherent motion were simulated. The corresponding parameters (D_s , σ, DDC, α, f, D, D*) were estimated on simulation and in vivo data using the nonlinear least squares (NLS), segmented NLS, and Bayesian methods. The fitting accuracy was analyzed on simulated Rician noised DWI. In vivo, the parameters were averaged from five central slices entire liver to compare correlations with histological features (inflammation, fibrosis, and steatosis). Then, the differences between mild (F0-F2) or severe (F3-F6) groups were compared respecting to statistics and classification. A total of 75.3% of patients used to build various classifiers (stratified split strategy and 10-folders cross-validation) and the remaining for testing.

STATISTICAL TESTS: Mean squared error, mean average percentage error, spearman correlation, Mann-Whitney U-test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, area under ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, precision. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: In simulation, the Bayesian method provided the most accurate parameters. In vivo, the highest negative significant correlation (D_s , steatosis: r = -0.46, D*, fibrosis: r = -0.24) and significant differences (D_s , σ, D*, f) were observed for Bayesian fitted parameters. Fibrosis classification was performed with an AUC of 0.92 (0.91 sensitivity and 0.70 specificity) with the aforementioned diffusion parameters based on the decision tree method.

DATA CONCLUSION: These results indicate that Bayesian fitted parameters may provide a noninvasive evaluation of fibrosis with decision tree.

EVIDENCE LEVEL: 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.

PMID:37243428 | DOI:10.1002/jmri.28826