Tag: nevin manimala

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023 May;27(10):4772-4781. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202305_32488.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 are more likely to have obstetric complications, particularly preterm births, increasing the likelihood of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. We tested the hypothesis by using a multivariable logistic regression analysis to take into account the effects of known confounding variables.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study targeted a random sample of 89 preterm deliveries at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Zagazig University Hospital, from January 2022 to April 2022, who fulfilled the selection criteria using a pretested, well-structured questionnaire that was composed of three main parts. The collected data were coded and analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.

RESULTS: This retrospective cohort study included 89 participants with a mean age of 26.6 years, 44.9% were middle-educated, 73% were not working, and the majority were not smoking or abusing substances. Regarding the frequency of COVID-19, dividing the studied participants into two groups, 22.5% had been infected, and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups as regards the demographic characteristics, but smoking statistically increased the smoking (p-value = 0.034). Regarding the relationship between the history of COVID-19 and the past and present obstetric histories, there was no statistically significant difference between them. Even though the SARS-CoV-2 infection is significant (p-value = 0.037), pregnant women who are COVID-19 positive are more likely to have a cesarean section (16/80) than pregnant women who test positive.

CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant and preterm women were more likely to get SARS-CoV-2 if they smoked, had comorbidities, or were overweight or obese. Among COVID-19 preterm pregnancies, substance misuse and comorbidity were risk factors for a poor neonatal outcome, while women who had a previous history of PPH, were smokers, or had comorbid illnesses had a significantly increased risk of having a poor maternal outcome.

PMID:37259760 | DOI:10.26355/eurrev_202305_32488

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023 May;27(10):4688-4692. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202305_32480.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Melatonin regulates the mammalian circadian rhythm and plays metabolic functions such as glucose homeostasis. Both melatonin receptors (MTNR1A and MTNR1B, encoded by the MTNR1A and MTNR1B genes, respectively) are expressed in pancreatic beta cells and mediate the glucometabolic roles of melatonin as well as insulin secretion. The MTNR1B gene is a well-known genetic risk factor in type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, little is known about the involvement of the MTNR1A gene in here T2D. We aimed to investigate whether MTNR1A is linked to and/or associated with familial T2D.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We genotyped 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms within the MTNR1A gene in 212 peninsular Italian families with T2D. We performed parametric linkage and linkage disequilibrium analyses to investigate the role of MTNR1A variants in conferring T2D risk. We considered variants statistically significant if conferring linkage or linkage disequilibrium with p < 0.05.

RESULTS: We found 3 novel variants (rs62350392, rs2119883, and rs13147179) significantly linked to and/or associated with T2D in multigenerational Italian families.

CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to report MTNR1A as a novel risk gene in T2D. Functional studies are needed to confirm these results.

PMID:37259752 | DOI:10.26355/eurrev_202305_32480

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023 May;27(10):4626-4632. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202305_32472.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The diabetes epidemic is increasing at an alarming rate in Saudi Arabia. Diabetes and dementia share some pathogeneses, including inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. Dementia may substantially influence diabetes self-care activities (DCSAs), thereby initiating a vicious cycle of complications. Therefore, this study aims to assess the effects of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) on DSCA.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 206 consecutive patients attending the diabetes center in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia, during the period from December 2021 to November 2022. A structured questionnaire was administered face-to-face, including sociodemographic data, the Diabetes Self-care Questionnaire, the Mini Cognitive Assessment Tool, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire. All the participants signed a written informed consent form, and both the Ethical Committees of the University of Tabuk and the Directorate General of Health Affairs, Tabuk, approved the research.

RESULTS: There were 206 patients with diabetes (63.1% women). Dyslipidemia, hypertension, and depression were reported in 59.8%, 55.9%, and 24.3% of patients, respectively, while MCI was reported in 51.5% of patients. MCI was positively correlated with age. MCI also had negative effects on diabetes self-care activities and HbA1c, but these effects were not statistically significant (odds ratio, 0.750, 95% CI, 0.56-1.00, p-value, 0.055, and odds ratio, 1.21, 95% CI, 0.99-1.08, p-value, 0.081, respectively). No significant relationship was found regarding the duration of diabetes, depression, and dyslipidemia (95% CI, 0.95-1.09, 0.32-4.57, and 0.76-8.30, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS: MCI and associated comorbidities were common among patients with diabetes in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. No association was found between MCI and DSCA, dyslipidemia, hypertension, or duration of diabetes.

PMID:37259746 | DOI:10.26355/eurrev_202305_32472

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023 May;27(10):4619-4625. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202305_32471.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The importance of physical activities in the control of diabetes mellitus disorder is well known but its correlation with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in diabetic patients needs to be assessed. The aim of the study is to examine inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in healthy adult male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in relation to exercise.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study that has been performed in the Department of Physiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Subjects were divided into Group 1: control (n=79), and Group 2: T2DM (n=85). Each group was subdivided into three subcategories: sedentary, moderate activity, and active subjects. Serum nitric oxide (NO), iNOS, eNOS, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), nitrates, and nitrites, were compared between different groups.

RESULTS: We observed significant differences in iNOS in diabetic patients compared to the control [29.1 (2.8) vs. 22.4 (1.4), p=0.050] with a significant decrease in eNOS when compared to the control group [79.5 (4.8) vs. 101.8 (5.7), p=0.003]. In the control group, eNOS showed significant differences (increase) between subgroups; sedentary, moderate, and active control subjects [77.4 (9.2), 114.7 (9.3), and 105.6 (9.5), p=0.026]. It also showed insignificant differences between subgroups in iNOS [23.4 (2.5), 24.2 (2.2), and 20.4 (2.4), p=0.520]. In addition, hsCRP showed a decrease with exercise but with no statistically significant difference between the groups [4.0 (0.5), 3.3 (0.3), and 2.9 (0.4), p=0.271]. In the diabetic patients’ group, a significant difference (decrease) between subgroups in iNOS [43.5 (4.8), 20.8 (3.9), and 19.8 (4.6), p<0.001] and hsCRP [5.7 (0.5), 3.8 (0.4), and 3.6 (0.5), p=0.006] was detected. In addition, eNOS showed a decrease with exercise but with no statistically significant difference between groups [82.9 (7.8), 74.6 (7.9), and 81.7 (10.2), p=0.741].

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with T2DM have shown significantly low eNOS and high iNOS levels. Furthermore, regular exercise can significantly decrease iNOS in patients with T2DM. Therefore, the importance of exercise for diabetic patients has to be emphasized to prevent long-term complications related to diabetes mellitus.

PMID:37259745 | DOI:10.26355/eurrev_202305_32471

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023 May;27(10):4614-4618. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202305_32470.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme inhibitors are used to increase the effect of incretins in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aimed to explore possible effects of DPP-4 enzyme inhibitors, which are widely used for blood sugar regulation in patients with type 2 DM, on hemoglobin, leukocyte (leucocyte), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and thrombocyte levels.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 110 patients aged over 18 and diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who applied to the Internal Medicine Polyclinic of Ankara Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Training and Research Hospital between 01.01.2019 and 31.08.2019 for routine control. Patients using metformin for DM and patients using metformin combined with DPP-4 enzyme inhibitors were divided into 2 groups. The data on patient hemogram (complete blood count) parameters were recorded retrospectively from the electronic patient file system. Patients with nutritional anemia were not included in the study. Besides, patients with known additional diseases (such as liver disease, kidney failure and malignancy) that may affect hemogram parameters, and patients with known infectious or inflammatory diseases were not included. Pregnant women were also excluded from the study. In addition, patients using angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor class drugs were not included in the study.

RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of hemoglobin levels, MCV levels, leukocyte counts and thrombocyte counts (p>0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Abnormalities in hemogram parameters in type 2 DM patients using DPP-4 enzyme inhibitors should not be immediately related to DPP-4 enzyme inhibitors, and non-drug etiologies that may cause abnormal levels in hemogram parameters should be carefully investigated.

PMID:37259744 | DOI:10.26355/eurrev_202305_32470

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023 May;27(10):4608-4613. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202305_32468.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to investigate whether vitiligo, an autoimmune disease, affects the ovarian reserves of women suffering from this disease.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: This case-control study included 27 vitiligo patients and 44 healthy participants with regular menstrual cycles. The total number of participants was 71. We conducted the study in a tertiary hospital between June 2022 and November 2022. We carried out the study after receiving the Ethics Committee Approval of the same institute, numbered KAEK/2022.04.88. Before the study, we obtained informed consent from all the participants included in our study. We complied with the Declaration of Helsinki at all stages of the study. We compared the study groups’ demographic information, hormonal parameters, ovarian volumes, and antral follicle numbers. We performed an independent t-test to compare group means. We used SPSS for Windows 24.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) for the analyses. We considered the p-value lower than 0.05 to be statistically significant.

RESULTS: AMH values were 2.66±1.76 pmol/L in the control group and 1.61±0.86 pmol/L in the patient group. The total number of antral follicles was 10.25±2.13 (n) in the control group and 9.26±2.97 (n) in the study group. Ovarian volume was 11.57±1.37 ml in the control group and 10.63±1.96 ml in the study group. These results were statistically significantly different. We detected one premature ovarian failure (POI) in the study group. Although there was only one case, this difference between the groups was statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study has proven that the ovaries of women of reproductive age suffering from any disease with an autoimmune etiology are affected by this autoimmune process. Therefore, ovarian reserves should be evaluated in all fertile women with autoimmune diseases. Due to the evaluation, appropriate treatment and follow-up plans should be made in patients with infertility or premature ovarian failure (POF) risk.

PMID:37259743 | DOI:10.26355/eurrev_202305_32468

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023 May;27(10):4601-4607. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202305_32467.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the potential correlation between chronic endometritis (CE) and intrauterine adhesions (IUA) with its associated risk factors.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data from 131 patients who underwent hysteroscopic transcervical resection of adhesions (TCRA) for intrauterine adhesions at our hospital between February 2020 and February 2021. General clinical data were collected and analyzed using univariate, multifactorial, and logistic regression analyses. Patients with mild, moderate, and severe IUA were divided into two groups based on whether they coincided with CE (CE group) or not (NCE group). Logistic regression analysis of the factors associated with IUA was performed, and the recurrence rates of IUA after TCRA in the CE and NCE groups were registered.

RESULTS: The risk of severe IUA was higher in patients with a higher number of abortions, higher number of indolent abortions, and CD138 positivity. In addition, the incidence of IUA combined with chronic CE varied when comparing the different IUA stages: 10.70% (3/28) for patients with mild IUA, 25.00% (7/28) for patients with moderate IUA, and 64.30% (18/28) for patients with severe IUA. The recurrence rates of IUA after TCRA in the CE and NCE groups were 69.20% (9/26) and 30.08% (4/67), respectively, in patients with moderate to severe IUA, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=12.782, p=0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: A correlation was observed between CE and IUA. Patients presenting both conditions had more severe IUA stage and higher recurrence rates after TCRA.

PMID:37259742 | DOI:10.26355/eurrev_202305_32467

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023 May;27(10):4504-4509. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202305_32456.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate whether there is a relationship between blood fibrinogen levels during hospitalization of patients hospitalized for conservative treatment due to acute cholecystitis (AC) in our clinic. Patients underwent surgery and were discharged with medical treatment.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: The files of 118 patients who were hospitalized due to the diagnosis of AC and planned for conservative medical treatment in our clinic between January 2018 and February 2020 were recorded, prospectively. The patients were divided into two groups as those who responded to conservative treatment (Group 1), and those who were operated urgently despite conservative treatment (Group 2). Increase in gallbladder wall thickness, presence of pericholecystic fluid and hydrops sac on ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) were considered significant for the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. Blood fibrinogen levels were measured in all patients during hospitalization.

RESULTS: The mean age of 118 patients included in the study was 58.32 (19-96) years. There were 77 patients in Group 1 and 41 patients in Group 2. Serum fibrinogen level was found to be 298.34±111.7 mg/dl in Group 1 and 637±124.5 mg/dl in Group 2, and a statistically significant difference was found (p<0.001). When the cut-off value for the fibrinogen level was taken as 564.50 mg/dl, the sensitivity and specificity of the test were found to be 75.6% and 61%, respectively in showing surgical treatment.

CONCLUSIONS: As a result of our study, we concluded that when the data obtained are evaluated, it should be kept in mind that despite medical treatment, there is an urgent need for an operation in patients with acute cholecystitis, and in patients with high plasma fibrinogen level (cut-off) at first admission.

PMID:37259731 | DOI:10.26355/eurrev_202305_32456

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023 May;27(10):4481-4491. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202305_32454.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Our aims were to determine whether the levels of plasma monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), fetuin-A, serum total antioxidant status (TAS), and serum total oxidant status (TOS) are cardiac biomarkers and to clarify their relationship with each other in acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 90 participants: 60 patients with AMI [30 with and 30 without ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)] and 30 cardiac patients without AMI. The diagnostic values of serum Hs-cTnT, MCP-1, fetuin-A, TAS, and TOS levels in predicting AMI were evaluated statistically.

RESULTS: Median levels of MCP-1 [120.10 ng/L (interquartile range: 76.94-230.54 ng/L)] and TOS [2.89 U/MI (IQR: 2.31-3.94 U/Ml)] were statistically higher, and median levels of fetuin-A [433.52 mg/L (IQR: 387.89-584.49 mg/L)] and TAS (3.10 ± 0.86 U/mL) were lower in patients with AMI than in controls. The parameter with the area under the curve (0.815), sensitivity (73.3%), and specificity (66.7%) closest to those of Hs-cTnT was fetuin-A, followed by MCP-1, TOS, and TAS, respectively. A one-unit increase in MCP-1 levels increased the probability of AMI by 1.023 times (p = 0.002). A one-unit increase in fetuin-A levels decreased the probability of AMI by 0.995 times (p = 0.003). A one-unit increase in serum TOS levels was 1.29 times more characteristic of STEMI than of NSTEMI (p = 0.044).

CONCLUSIONS: MCP-1, oxidative stress parameters, and fetuin-A might support Hs-cTnT levels in the early diagnosis of AMI. Fetuin-A and MCP-1 levels may be independent risk factors for AMI, whereas TOS could be used to distinguish STEMI from NSTEMI.

PMID:37259729 | DOI:10.26355/eurrev_202305_32454

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023 May;27(10):4442-4449. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202305_32450.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: We aimed at comparing the curative effect of proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) and dynamic hip screw (DHS) in the treatment of Seinsheimer type V (type V) subtrochanteric fractures with sarcopenia.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 59 patients with type V subtrochanteric fractures complicated with sarcopenia admitted to the Department of Orthopedics of the affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University from January 2016 to December 2021. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on grip strength and skeletal muscle index (SMI). According to different surgical methods, they were divided into PFNA group (32 cases) and DHS group (27 cases). The age, gender, time from injury to operation, SMI value, incision length, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fluoroscopy times, perioperative blood transfusion, lower limb full weight-bearing time, visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain at 3 months after operation and at the last follow-up, Harris score as well as postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age, gender, time from injury to operation, and SMI between the two groups. The length of surgical incision, blood loss and blood transfusion in the PFNA group were less than those in the DHS group; however, the number of intraoperative fluoroscopies was more than that in the DHS group. The PFNA group had earlier full weight-bearing time, lower VAS score and higher Harris score at 3 months after operation, while there was no statistically significant difference in VAS score and Harris score between the two groups at the last follow-up. The incidence of complications in the PFNA group was lower than that in the DHS group, and the difference was statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS: Both PFNA and DHS are effective methods for the treatment of type V subtrochanteric fractures complicated with sarcopenia. Strikingly, PFNA is preferred because of its short surgical incision, less blood loss, faster recovery, and lower incidence of complications.

PMID:37259725 | DOI:10.26355/eurrev_202305_32450