Tag: nevin manimala

Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023 Jun 6. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0000000000002581. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between body composition and prognosis in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab.

METHODS: This cohort study analysed 119 patients who received atezolizumab plus bevacizumab for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. We investigated the association between body composition and progression-free survival and overall survival. Body composition was quantified by the visceral fat index, subcutaneous fat index, and skeletal muscle index. A high or low index score was defined as that above or below the median of these indices.

RESULTS: Poor prognosis was observed in the low visceral fat index and low subcutaneous fat index groups. The mean progression-free survival in the low visceral fat index and low subcutaneous fat index groups vs. the other groups were 194 and 270 days, respectively [95% confidence interval (CI), 153-236 and 230-311 days, respectively; P = 0.015], while the mean overall survival was 349 vs. 422 days, respectively (95% CI, 302-396 and 387-458 days, respectively; P = 0.027). In the multivariate analysis, both a low subcutaneous fat index and low visceral fat index were statistically associated with lower progression-free and overall survival rates [hazard ratio (HR) 1.721; 95% CI, 1.101-2.688; P = 0.017; and HR 2.214; 95% CI, 1.207-4.184; P = 0.011, respectively].

CONCLUSION: Low visceral fat index and subcutaneous fat index scores were independent predictors of poor prognosis in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab.

PMID:37395205 | DOI:10.1097/MEG.0000000000002581

Vet Ophthalmol. 2023 Jul 3. doi: 10.1111/vop.13127. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of propofol (P) alone and in combination with ketamine (KP) at ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 on intraocular pressure (IOP) in unpremedicated dogs.

ANIMALS STUDIED: A total of 28 cross-bred healthy dogs.

PROCEDURES: Dogs were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 7 per group) to receive intravenous P or KP at 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 ratios, respectively. The infusion was administered at 0.6 mg/kg/min for 60 min. IOP, cardiorespiratory variables, rectal temperature (RT), and pedal reflex were recorded every 5 min for 60 min, starting from baseline (BL).

RESULTS: There was a statistically significant increase in IOP in all groups: P (p = .011), KP 1:1 (p = .003), KP 1:2 (p = .023), and KP 1:3 (p = .008). The IOP increase was less pronounced in the KP 1:2 group and was only significant (p = .023) at T45 compared with BL. A significant correlation was observed between IOP and SpO₂ in P (r = -.215, p = .02), KP 1:2 (r = -.579, p < .01), and KP 1:3 (r = -.402, p < .01) groups. IOP significantly increased due to decreased SpO₂ below 86.5% (p < .05).

CONCLUSIONS: Propofol alone and in combination with ketamine may increase preexisting IOP in unpremedicated dogs. SpO₂ levels below 86.5% may trigger an increase in IOP. Administering KP in a 1:2 ratio at an infusion rate of 0.6 mg/kg/min does not significantly alter IOP for under 45 min in unpremedicated dogs with sufficient oxygenation.

PMID:37395174 | DOI:10.1111/vop.13127

Sports Health. 2023 Jul 3:19417381231184427. doi: 10.1177/19417381231184427. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are among the most common injuries in adolescent athletes and result in significant financial and physical morbidity. Evidence-based programs designed to prevent ACL injury are effective. However, their adoption remains low. We sought to evaluate the awareness, evidence-based implementation, and barriers to implementation of ACL injury prevention programs (ACL-IPP) among youth athletic coaches.

HYPOTHESIS: Higher education level of the coach, higher level of training, number of teams coached, and coaching female teams would be associated with ACL-IPP implementation.

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 4.

METHODS: We conducted an email survey sent to all 63 school districts within Section VI of the New York State Public High School Athletic Association. We employed descriptive statistics and tests of correlation to identify factors associated with ACL-IPP implementation.

RESULTS: A total of 73% of coaches said they were aware of ACL-IPP, and only 12% of coaches implemented ACL-IPP according to best evidence. Coaches of higher competitive levels were more likely to adopt ACL-IPP (P = 0.01), more likely to use them multiple times per week (P = 0.03), and for ≥1 seasons (P = 0.02). Coaches of multiple teams were more likely to adopt ACL-IPP (P = 0.01). There were no differences in evidence-based implementation of ACL-IPP with gender coached or level of education of the coach.

CONCLUSION: Overall awareness, adoption, and evidence-based implementation of ACL-IPP remain low. These results suggest that coaches at higher levels of play and multiple teams tend to use ACL-IPP more often. Gender coached and level of education do not appear to be associated with awareness or implementation.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Evidence-based ACL-IPP implementation remains low. Targeting coaches of younger athletes and fewer teams with local outreach programs and ACL-IPP may increase the implementation of ACL-IPP.

PMID:37395150 | DOI:10.1177/19417381231184427

Cancer Med. 2023 Jul 3. doi: 10.1002/cam4.6303. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Primary cardiac sarcomas are rare and their clinicopathologic features are heterogeneous. Among them, particularly intimal sarcoma is a diagnostic challenge due to nonspecific histologic features. Recently, MDM2 amplification reported to be a characteristic genetic event in the intimal sarcoma. In this study, we aimed to identify the types and incidence of primary cardiac sarcomas that occurred over 25 years in tertiary medical institutions, and to find clinicopatholgical significance through reclassification of diagnoses using additional immunohistochemistry (IHC).

METHODS: We reviewed the primary cardiac sarcoma cases between January 1993 and June 2018 at Asan Medical Center, South Korea, with their clinicopathologic findings, and reclassified the subtypes, especially using IHC for MDM2 and then, analyzed the significance of prognosis.

RESULTS: Forty-eight (6.8%) cases of a primary cardiac sarcoma were retrieved. The tumors most frequently involved the right atrium (n = 25, 52.1%), and the most frequent tumor subtype was angiosarcoma (n = 23, 47.9%). Seven cases (53.8%) were newly reclassified as an intimal sarcoma by IHC for MDM2. Twenty-nine (60.4%) patients died of disease (mean, 19.8 months). Four patients underwent a heart transplantation and had a median survival of 26.8 months. This transplantation group tended to show good clinical outcomes in the earlier stages, but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.318). MDM2 positive intimal sarcoma showed the better overall survival (p = 0.003) than undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. Adjuvant treatment is beneficial for patient survival (p < 0.001), particularly in angiosarcoma (p < 0.001), but not in intimal sarcoma (p = 0.154).

CONCLUSION: Our study supports the use of adjuvant treatment in primary cardiac sarcoma, as it was associated with a significantly better overall survival rate. Further consideration of tumor histology may be important in determining the optimal use of adjuvant treatment for different types of sarcomas. Therefore, accurate diagnosis by MDM2 test is important condsidering patient’s prognosis and treatment.

PMID:37395142 | DOI:10.1002/cam4.6303

Br J Psychiatry. 2023 Jul 3:1-9. doi: 10.1192/bjp.2023.75. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Pharmacological treatment patterns for bipolar disorder have changed during recent years, but for better or worse?

AIMS: To investigate the comparative real-world effectiveness of antipsychotics and mood stabilisers in bipolar disorder.

METHOD: Register-based cohort study including all Finnish residents aged 16-65 with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder from in-patient care, specialised out-patient care, sickness absence and disability pensions registers between 1996 and 2018, with a mean follow-up of 9.3 years (s.d. = 6.4). Antipsychotic and mood stabiliser use was modelled using the PRE2DUP method and risk for hospital admission for psychiatric and non-psychiatric reasons when using versus not using medications was estimated using within-individual Cox models.

RESULTS: Among 60 045 individuals (56.4% female; mean age 41.7 years, s.d. = 15.8), the five medications associated with lowest risk of psychiatric admissions were olanzapine long-acting injection (LAI) (aHR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.37-0.80), haloperidol LAI (aHR = 0.62, 0.47-0.81), zuclopenthixol LAI (aHR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.52-0.85), lithium (aHR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.71-0.76) and clozapine (aHR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.64-0.87). Only ziprasidone (aHR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.07-1.49) was associated with a statistically higher risk. For non-psychiatric (somatic) admissions, only lithium (aHR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.74-0.81) and carbamazepine (aHR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.85-0.97) were associated with significantly reduced risk, whereas pregabalin, gabapentin and several oral antipsychotics, including quetiapine, were associated with an increased risk. Results for a subcohort of first-episode patients (26 395 individuals, 54.9% female; mean age 38.2 years, s.d. = 13.0) were in line with those of the total cohort.

CONCLUSIONS: Lithium and certain LAI antipsychotics were associated with lowest risks of psychiatric admission. Lithium was the only treatment associated with decreased risk of both psychiatric and somatic admissions.

PMID:37395140 | DOI:10.1192/bjp.2023.75

Am J Sports Med. 2023 Jul 3:3635465231181702. doi: 10.1177/03635465231181702. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Members of the military are known to experience disproportionately high rates of both glenohumeral instability and superior labrum anterior-posterior (SLAP) tears when compared with civilian populations. Although the outcomes after simultaneous repair of Bankart and SLAP lesions have been well described, there is a paucity of literature available regarding the operative management of posterior instability with concomitant superior labral pathology.

PURPOSE: To compare outcomes of combined arthroscopic posterior labral and SLAP repair with those of isolated posterior labral repair.

STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

METHODS: All consecutive patients younger than 35 years who underwent arthroscopic posterior labral repair from January 2011 to December 2016 with a minimum follow-up of 5 years were identified. From this cohort of eligible patients, all individuals who had undergone combined SLAP and posterior labral repair (SLAP cohort) versus posterior labral repair alone (instability cohort) were then identified. Outcome measures including the visual analog scale score, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Rowe instability score, and range of motion were collected pre- and postoperatively and scores were compared between groups.

RESULTS: In total, 83 patients met the inclusion criteria for the study. All patients were active-duty military at the time of surgery. The mean follow-up was 93.79 ± 18.06 months in the instability group and 91.24 ± 18.02 months in the SLAP group (P = .5228). Preoperative SANE and ASES scores were significantly worse in the SLAP group. Both groups experienced statistically significant improvements in outcome scores postoperatively (P < .0001 for all), and there were no significant differences in any outcome scores or range of motion between groups. In total, 39 patients in the instability cohort and 37 in the SLAP cohort returned to preinjury levels of work (92.86% vs 90.24%, respectively; P = .7126), and 38 instability patients and 35 SLAP patients returned to preinjury levels of sporting activity (90.48% vs 85.37%, respectively; P = .5195). Two patients in the instability group and 4 patients in the SLAP group were medically discharged from the military (4.76% vs 9.76%; P = .4326), and 2 patients in each cohort had experienced treatment failure at the final follow-up (4.76% vs 4.88%; P > .9999).

CONCLUSION: Combined posterior labral and SLAP repair led to statistically and clinically significant increases in outcome scores and high rates of return to active-duty military service that did not differ significantly from the results after isolated posterior labral repair. The results of this study indicate that simultaneous repair is a viable treatment option for the management of combined lesions in active-duty military patients <35 years of age.

PMID:37395134 | DOI:10.1177/03635465231181702

Infect Dis (Lond). 2023 Jul 3:1-10. doi: 10.1080/23744235.2023.2228408. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 survivors may experience long-term health problems, including deterioration of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), as demonstrated by several cross-sectional studies that compared the results of cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPET) performed only after COVID-19 with predicted values. This study aimed to analyze a change in CRF between repeated CPETs in response to suffered COVID-19.

METHODS: A total of 127 healthcare workers (HCWs; mean age 55.7 years) underwent two CPETs with a mean interval of 762 days. Forty HCWs suffered from COVID-19 (mild to moderate severity) in the interim (321 days before the second CPET), and 87 HCWs formed a control group. Mixed-effects regression with multiple adjustment and interaction terms was used for two response variables – maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and power output.

RESULTS: Between both CPETs, mean VO2 max decreased statistically significantly in the COVID-19 subgroup (by 3.12 mL/kg/min, p = .034) and insignificantly in controls (by 0.56 mL/kg/min, p = .412). The proportion of HCWs achieving predicted VO2 max decreased from 75.9% to 59.5% (p = .161) in COVID-19 survivors, while it increased from 73.8% to 81% (p = .274) in controls. COVID-19 (β = -0.66, p = .014) and body mass index (β = -0.49, p < .001) were independent negative predictors of VO2 max change. COVID-19 was not associated with a change in power output.

CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of repeated CPETs, COVID-19 significantly, albeit rather modestly, reduces CRF almost one year after infection. The reduction persists even after the acute phase with mild or moderate severity.

PMID:37395125 | DOI:10.1080/23744235.2023.2228408

Am J Hum Biol. 2023 Jul 3:e23951. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.23951. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The general perception is that menstrual cycle is a factor related to body weight and body composition fluctuations in women. The lack of a standardized methodology of the so far conducted studies has led to controversial results. The aim of the current study is to identify if there are any changes in body weight and body composition during the menstrual cycle.

METHODS: In the current study measurements of body weight, circumferences, skinfolds and body composition with bioelectrical impedance analysis were conducted twice per week in 42 women during their menstrual cycle.

RESULTS: Body weight was found to be statistically significantly higher during menstruation compared to the first week of the menstrual cycle by 0.450 kg, which could be attributed to a statistically significant increase of 0.474 kg observed in extracellular water. No other statistically significant changes were observed regarding body composition.

CONCLUSIONS: An increase of approximately 0.5 kg was observed during women’s menstrual cycle, mostly due to extracellular fluid retention at menstruation days. These findings could be taken into account to interpret body weight and composition periodic fluctuations in women of reproductive age.

PMID:37395124 | DOI:10.1002/ajhb.23951

Pediatrics. 2023 Jul 3:e2023061363. doi: 10.1542/peds.2023-061363. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and gender dysphoria (GD) frequently cooccur. However, existing research has primarily used smaller samples, limiting generalizability and the ability to assess further demographic variation. The purpose of this study was to (1) examine the prevalence of cooccurring ASD and GD diagnoses among US adolescents aged 9 to 18 and (2) identify demographic differences in the prevalence of cooccurring ASD and GD diagnoses.

METHODS: This secondary analysis used data from the PEDSnet learning health system network of 8 pediatric hospital institutions. Analyses included descriptive statistics and adjusted mixed logistic regression testing for associations between ASD and GD diagnoses and interactions between ASD diagnosis and demographic characteristics in the association with GD diagnosis.

RESULTS: Among 919 898 patients, GD diagnosis was more prevalent among youth with an ASD diagnosis compared with youth without an ASD diagnosis (1.1% vs 0.6%), and adjusted regression revealed significantly greater odds of GD diagnosis among youth with an ASD diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio = 3.00, 95% confidence interval: 2.72-3.31). Cooccurring ASD/GD diagnoses were more prevalent among youth whose electronic medical record-reported sex was female and those using private insurance, and less prevalent among youth of color, particularly Black and Asian youth.

CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that youth whose electronic medical record-reported sex was female and those using private insurance are more likely, and youth of color are less likely, to have cooccurring ASD/GD diagnoses. This represents an important step toward building services and supports that reduce disparities in access to care and improve outcomes for youth with cooccurring ASD/GD and their families.

PMID:37395084 | DOI:10.1542/peds.2023-061363

Cogn Behav Ther. 2023 Jul 3:1-18. doi: 10.1080/16506073.2023.2229015. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Approximately one-fifth of new parents struggle with unwanted intrusive thoughts (UITs) about intentionally harming their child. This study evaluated the initial efficacy, feasibility and acceptability of a novel online self-guided cognitive intervention for new parents with distressing UITs. Self-recruited parents (N = 43, 93% female, age 23-43 years) of children 0-3 years reporting daily distressing and impairing UITs were randomized to the 8-week self-guided online cognitive intervention or to waiting-list. The primary outcome was change on the Parental Thoughts and Behaviour Checklist (PTBC) from baseline to week 8 (post-intervention). The PTBC and negative appraisals (mediator) were assessed at baseline, weekly, post-intervention and at the 1-month follow-up. Results showed that the intervention led to statistically significant reductions in distress and impairment associated with UITs at post-intervention (controlled between-group d = 0.99, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.43), which were maintained at the 1-month follow-up (controlled between-group d = 0.90, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.39). The intervention was deemed to be feasible and acceptable by the participants. Change in negative appraisals mediated reductions in UITs but the model was sensitive to mediator-outcome confounders. We conclude that this novel online self-guided cognitive intervention can potentially reduce the distress and impairment associated with UITs in new parents. Large-scale trials are warranted.Abbreviations: UITs: Unwanted Intrusive Thoughts PTBC: Parental Thoughts and Behaviour Checklist.

PMID:37395079 | DOI:10.1080/16506073.2023.2229015