Tag: nevin manimala

Wiad Lek. 2023;76(4):758-764. doi: 10.36740/WLek202304109.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To study the dynamics of gadget use by higher education students of the Bogomolets National Medical University and to assess technological impact on the physical health of students.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: To accomplish the tasks set using theoretical and experimental methods of scientific research: systematic analysis, comparison and generalization of the bibliosemantic method, questionnaires, and interviews with students. Quantitative data collected during the survey of students studying in the «Dentistry», «Pediatrics», «Medicine», «Pharmacy, Industrial Pharmacy», «Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy», and «Medical Psychology» specialties were processed using the MedCalc statistical software, and there was carried out comparative analysis afterwards.

RESULTS: Results: During the quarantine and martial law, medical university students were forced to study distantly or in a mixed format using various gadgets and computers. It is obvious that the physical condition of a person is affected by the duration of their use of various devices. In this paper, therefore, the risks and the researched dynamics of gadget use by higher education students of the Bogomolets National Medical University were identified. Thus, the technological impact on the physical health of students was also defined. Moreover, the data based on the results of height and weigh calculation of higher education students, which used to diagnose types of obesity by anthropometric indicators, were also collected.

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: According to the results of the research, it was established that the students of the Bogomolets National Medical University spent a significant part of their study time sitting in the classroom or at the computer (40 hours weekly average). We found that in the process of distance learning, prolonged sitting at a PC or other gadget (as well as general sedentary lifestyle) has affected the female higher education students majoring in 222 «Medicine» course their body mass index. The time spent using gadgets both in the educational and non-formal education (self-education) processes has increased significantly. We attribute this fact to the emergence of a significant number of online educational resources in the public domain, the growing number of webinars, trainings, and master classes conducted by both domestic and foreign experts online.

PMID:37226612 | DOI:10.36740/WLek202304109

J Food Drug Anal. 2023 Mar 15;31(1):137-151. doi: 10.38212/2224-6614.3447.

ABSTRACT

New psychoactive substances (NPS) have been rapidly emerged as legal alternatives to controlled drugs, which raised severe public health issue. The detection and monitoring of its intake by complete metabolic profiling is an urgent and vital task. Untargeted metabolomics approach has been applied for several NPS metabolites studies. Although the number of such works is relatively limited but with a rapidly growing need. The present study aimed to propose a procedure that includes liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis and a signal selection software, MetaboFinder, programed as a web tool. The comprehensive metabolites profile of one kind of NPS, 4-methoxy-α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (4-MeO-α-PVP), was studied by using this workflow. In this study, two different concentrations of 4-MeO-α-PVP along with as blank sample were incubated with human liver S9 fraction for the conversion to their metabolites and followed by LC-MS analysis. After retention time alignment and feature identification, 4640 features were obtained and submitted to statistical analysis for signal selection by using MetaboFinder. A total of 50 features were considered as 4-MeO-α-PVP metabolite candidates showing significant changes (p < 0.00001 and fold change >2) between the two investigated groups. Targeted LC-MS/MS analysis was conducted focusing on these significantly expressed features. Assisted by chemical formula determination according to high mass accuracy and in silico MS² fragmentation prediction, 19 chemical structure identifications were achieved. Among which, 8 metabolites have been reported derived from 4-MeO-α-PVP in a previous literature while 11 novel 4-MeO-α-PVP metabolites were identified by using our strategy. Further in vivo animal experiment confirmed that 18 compounds were 4-MeO-α-PVP metabolites, which demonstrated the feasibility of our strategy for screening the 4-MeO-α-PVP metabolites. We anticipate that this procedure may support and facilitate traditional metabolism studies and potentially being applied for routine NPS metabolites screening.

PMID:37224557 | DOI:10.38212/2224-6614.3447

Nucleic Acids Res. 2023 May 24:gkad373. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad373. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) are expected to play a critical role in precision medicine. Currently, PRS predictors are generally based on linear models using summary statistics, and more recently individual-level data. However, these predictors mainly capture additive relationships and are limited in data modalities they can use. We developed a deep learning framework (EIR) for PRS prediction which includes a model, genome-local-net (GLN), specifically designed for large-scale genomics data. The framework supports multi-task learning, automatic integration of other clinical and biochemical data, and model explainability. When applied to individual-level data from the UK Biobank, the GLN model demonstrated a competitive performance compared to established neural network architectures, particularly for certain traits, showcasing its potential in modeling complex genetic relationships. Furthermore, the GLN model outperformed linear PRS methods for Type 1 Diabetes, likely due to modeling non-additive genetic effects and epistasis. This was supported by our identification of widespread non-additive genetic effects and epistasis in the context of T1D. Finally, we constructed PRS models that integrated genotype, blood, urine, and anthropometric data and found that this improved performance for 93% of the 290 diseases and disorders considered. EIR is available at https://github.com/arnor-sigurdsson/EIR.

PMID:37224538 | DOI:10.1093/nar/gkad373

Nucleic Acids Res. 2023 May 24:gkad445. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad445. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

We present GePI, a novel Web server for large-scale text mining of molecular interactions from the scientific biomedical literature. GePI leverages natural language processing techniques to identify genes and related entities, interactions between those entities and biomolecular events involving them. GePI supports rapid retrieval of interactions based on powerful search options to contextualize queries targeting (lists of) genes of interest. Contextualization is enabled by full-text filters constraining the search for interactions to either sentences or paragraphs, with or without pre-defined gene lists. Our knowledge graph is updated several times a week ensuring the most recent information to be available at all times. The result page provides an overview of the outcome of a search, with accompanying interaction statistics and visualizations. A table (downloadable in Excel format) gives direct access to the retrieved interaction pairs, together with information about the molecular entities, the factual certainty of the interactions (as verbatim expressed by the authors), and a text snippet from the original document that verbalizes each interaction. In summary, our Web application offers free, easy-to-use, and up-to-date monitoring of gene and protein interaction information, in company with flexible query formulation and filtering options. GePI is available at https://gepi.coling.uni-jena.de/.

PMID:37224532 | DOI:10.1093/nar/gkad445

J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2023 May 24:gbad077. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbad077. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: A meta-analytic review was conducted to assess the effects of healthy aging, amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) on naturalistic autobiographical memory using the Autobiographical Interview, a widely used, standardized assessment that derives measures of internal (episodic) and external (non-episodic) details from freely recalled autobiographical narratives.

METHOD: A comprehensive literature search identified 21 aging, 6 MCI, and 7 AD studies (total N =1556 participants). Summary statistics for internal and external details for each comparison (younger vs. older or MCI/AD vs. age-matched comparison groups) and effect size statistics were extracted and summarized using Hedges’ g (random effects model) and adjusted for the presence of publication bias.

RESULTS: The pattern of reduced internal and elevated external details in aging was robust and consistent across nearly all 21 studies. MCI and – to a greater extent – AD were associated with reduced internal details, whereas the external detail elevation faded with MCI and AD. Although there was evidence of publication bias on reporting of internal detail effects, these effects remained robust after correction.

DISCUSSION: The canonical changes to episodic memory observed in aging and neurodegenerative disease are mirrored in the free recall of real-life events. Our findings indicate that the onset of neuropathology overwhelms the capacity of older adults to draw upon distributed neural systems to elaborate on past experiences, including both episodic details specific to identified events and non-episodic content characteristic of healthy older adults’ autobiographical narratives.

PMID:37224530 | DOI:10.1093/geronb/gbad077

J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 May 24:dgad287. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgad287. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Two-way relationship between periodontitis and diabetes was advocated. However, bidirectional epidemiological observation is still limited and inconsistent. Using the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan (covering over 99% of the entire population), we estimate the development of diabetes in periodontitis patients or that of periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), respectively.

METHODS: A total of 11,011 patients with severe periodontitis were recruited from 2000 to 2015. After matching by age, sex, and index date, 11,011 patients with mild periodontitis and 11,011 non-periodontitis controls were registered. Conversely, 157,798 patients with T2DM and 157,798 non-T2DM controls were enrolled, whereas the development of periodontitis was traced. Cox proportional hazards model was performed.

RESULTS: Periodontitis patients tended to have a statistically high risk of having T2DM. Adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) was 1.94 (95% CI 1.49-2.63, p < 0.01) and 1.72 (95% CI 1.24-2.52, p < 0.01) for severe and mild periodontitis groups, respectively. Besides, the patients in severe periodontitis had a high risk of having T2DM compared to that in mild periodontitis [1.17 (95% CI 1.04-1.26, p < 0.001)]. Conversely, the risk of periodontitis increased significantly in patients with T2DM [1.99 (95% CI,1.42-2.48, p < 0.01)]. However, the high risk was observed for the outcome of severe periodontitis [2.08 (95% CI, 1.50-2.66, p < 0.001)], not for that of mild periodontitis [0.97 (95% CI,0.38-1.57, p = 0.462)].

CONCLUSIONS: We suggested the bi-direction is between T2DM and severe periodontitis, but not in mild type.

PMID:37224522 | DOI:10.1210/clinem/dgad287

Eur J Endocrinol. 2023 May 24:lvad052. doi: 10.1093/ejendo/lvad052. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Interpreting laboratory results for transgender individuals who started hormone therapy requires careful consideration, specifically for analytes that have sex-specific reference intervals. In literature, conflicting data exist on the effect of hormone therapy on laboratory parameters. By studying a large cohort, we aim to define what reference category (male or female) is most appropriate to use for the transgender population over the course of gender-affirming therapy.

METHODS: A total of 2201 people (1178 transgender women and 1023 transgender men) were included in this study. We analyzed hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), creatinine, and prolactin, at three different time points: pretreatment, during hormone therapy, and after gonadectomy.

RESULTS: For transgender women, Hb and Ht levels decrease after initiation of hormone therapy. The concentration of liver enzymes ALT, AST, and ALP decrease whereas the levels of GGT do not change statistically significantly. Creatinine levels decrease whereas prolactin levels rise in transgender women during gender-affirming therapy. For transgender men Hb and Ht values increase after starting hormone therapy. Liver enzymes and creatinine levels increase statistically significant as well upon hormone therapy while prolactin concentrations decrease. Overall, reference intervals in transgender people after 1 year on hormone therapy resembled those of their affirmed gender.

CONCLUSIONS: Generating transgender-specific reference intervals is not essential to correctly interpret laboratory results. As a practical approach, we recommend to use the reference intervals of the affirmed gender from 1 year onwards after starting hormone therapy.

PMID:37224509 | DOI:10.1093/ejendo/lvad052

J Chromatogr Sci. 2023 May 23:bmad036. doi: 10.1093/chromsci/bmad036. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Mayonnaise is an emulsion of oil that is susceptible to lipid oxidation, which can cause spoilage and the formation of harmful compounds. This study aims to evaluate the impact of Syrian apple and grape vinegar on the oxidative stability of mayonnaise and compare the use of natural antioxidants to synthetic ones such as butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene. The study measured total phenol content, radical scavenging activity, and identified some phenolic compounds by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The rancidity of mayonnaise was examined using peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid number. The fatty acids content in the mayonnaise samples was examined using gas chromatography. Vinegar samples containing high concentrations of phenolic antioxidants showed high ability to scavenge free radicals. The antioxidants in vinegar protected the mayonnaise samples from primary and secondary oxidation, and there was no statistically significant difference between the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids in the samples containing vinegar at the beginning and at the end of the storage period. The study shows the significance of using vinegar to protect mayonnaise from deterioration and increase its shelf life, in addition to its role as a dressing.

PMID:37224456 | DOI:10.1093/chromsci/bmad036

Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot. 2023 May 24:1-9. doi: 10.1080/17457300.2023.2214887. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Despite statistics indicating that China has the world’s largest taxi industry, there exists limited research about the relationship between workplace health hazards and taxi driver occupational crashes. In this paper, a cross-sectional survey of taxi drivers in four typical Chinese cities was conducted, and data on their self-reported job stress, health status, and daily risky driving behaviours, together with crash involvement experience in the two years before the survey was collected. Three hypotheses were then developed, and they were verified via multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) that the seriousness of drivers’ health problems and the frequency of their daily risky driving behaviours could be the accurate predictor of their crash risk of taxi drivers. These factors were subsequently substituted in a bivariate negative binomial (BNB) distribution model to determine the joint rate of at-fault taxi drivers’ involvement in property-damage-only (PDO) and personal-injury (PI) crashes. The results offer some useful advice for policy development to decrease and prevent professional taxi drivers from causing severe traffic crashes.

PMID:37224451 | DOI:10.1080/17457300.2023.2214887

J Am Geriatr Soc. 2023 May 24. doi: 10.1111/jgs.18396. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: To determine the potential mediating role of loneliness in the relationship between hearing ability and dementia.

METHODS: Design: Longitudinal observational study.

SETTING: English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA).

PARTICIPANTS: Individuals aged 50 and older (N = 4232).

MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported hearing ability and loneliness were assessed from Wave 2 (2004-2005) to Wave 7 (2014-2015) of ELSA. Dementia cases were ascertained via self- or carer-report or dementia medication at these waves. The medeff command in Stata version 17 was used to do cross-section mediation analysis between hearing ability, loneliness, and dementia (Waves 3-7). Path-specific effects proportional (cause-specific) hazard models were then used to investigate longitudinal mediation (Waves 2-7).

RESULTS: In cross-sectional analyses in Wave 7 alone, loneliness only mediated 5.4% of the total effects of limited hearing on dementia (indirect effects = increased risk of 0.06%; 95% CI: 0.002%-0.15%) under limited hearing and 0.04% (95% CI: 0.001%-0.11%) under normal hearing). In longitudinal analyses, there was no statistical evidence of a mediating role for loneliness in explaining the relationship between hearing ability and time-to-dementia (indirect effect estimate hazard ratio = 1.01 (95% CI: 0.99-1.05).

CONCLUSION: In this community-dwelling sample of English adults, there is a lack of evidence that loneliness mediates the relationship between hearing ability and dementia in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. However, as the number of dementia cases in this cohort was low, replication in other cohorts with larger sample sizes is required to confirm the absence of a mediated effect via loneliness.

PMID:37224416 | DOI:10.1111/jgs.18396