Tag: nevin manimala

Work. 2025 Feb;80(2):614-621. doi: 10.3233/WOR-240179. Epub 2025 Apr 2.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUNDBurnout has become one of the main problems in all health systems and nurses in all nursing jobs are subjected to burnout.OBJECTIVETo determine the magnitude, levels of burnout and its associated factors of nurses working in general hospitals of Tigray Region, North Ethiopia.METHODSA cross-sectional study design among 634 nurses from March 2018 to June 2019 was conducted. A clustered random sample technique was used. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed using SPSS version 20.RESULTSThe proportion of burnout among the nurses was 41.10%. The 18.10%, 16.10% and 26% of nurses were with high emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced levels of personal accomplishment respectively. The 5-9 years of work experience, working in a surgical unit, and working night shifts were protective factors.CONCLUSIONSThis study shows that a high proportion of nurses suffered from job burnout. There is a high emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment in their job. This study also showed that there is a significant association between factors such as service year, working in surgical units, night shift assignment and job burnout. It is recommended counseling, burnout coping programs and clinical services policy for nurses. All level managers should plan for nurses’ incentives; continuing education, training and regular shift rotations and set nurse recognition policies, and recreational and relaxation programs to increase nurses’ motivation. Future studies in primary and tertiary hospitals using a longitudinal design.

PMID:40172846 | DOI:10.3233/WOR-240179

Work. 2025 Feb;80(2):888-899. doi: 10.1177/10519815241289791. Epub 2024 Nov 13.

ABSTRACT

BackgroundIt is internationally recognized that people with disabilities have an equal right to work as people without disabilities. This includes deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) people. Previous studies, primarily conducted in the US, showed discrepancies between employment outcomes of DHH people and typically hearing people.ObjectiveThere is still a lack of knowledge about the current employment status of DHH people in the Netherlands. Furthermore, additional job characteristics such as income sources and sectors of employment are yet to be examined. This paper aims to address this lack of knowledge.MethodsThis study used non-public microdata to examine employment outcomes of DHH people who claimed sensory disability care in the Netherlands between 2015 and 2019 (n = 5609) and compare them to a matched Dutch population (MDP) (n = 5609).ResultsDespite small differences in employment participation, DHH claimants are more likely to have an income from sick leave/disability pension, other social benefits, and retirement compared to the MDP. DHH claimants also have lower average hourly wages, work fewer hours per week, work in different employment sectors, and stay in their first job longer compared to the MDP.ConclusionsThe results of this study show that there are labor force differences between DHH claimants and the MDP. Further steps must be taken to identify the causes of these differences and develop policies and interventions to address these when deemed necessary.

PMID:40172845 | DOI:10.1177/10519815241289791

Work. 2025 Feb;80(2):701-710. doi: 10.1177/10519815241290648. Epub 2024 Nov 22.

ABSTRACT

BackgroundThe idea that people will lose their jobs because of robots with artificial intelligence is one of the biggest recent concerns about artificial intelligence technology. There are predictions that unemployment will increase with the introduction of robots into the business sector, and due to artificial intelligence, automation in the production sector will make work completed by robots more practical than the efforts accomplished by humans.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the correlation between artificial intelligence anxiety and the level of unemployment anxiety among university students.MethodsAs a cross-sectional and descriptive study, the population comprised of 10,682 university students actively enrolled at a university. While the minimum sample size was calculated as 371 students, the research included 476 students as participants. The study used the ‘Personal Information Form’, ‘Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Scale’, and ‘Unemployment Anxiety Scale’ as data collection tools.ResultsThe demographic information of the participants follows: 50.4% were male, 33.8% were freshmen, and 96.2% were single. The total score averages for the Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Scale and Unemployment Anxiety Scale are 56.00 ± 15.51 and 53.52 ± 11.55, respectively. A statistically significant difference between the participants’ score averages on the Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Scale and the Unemployment Anxiety Scale was identified for gender, major/college, trust in technology, and use of artificial intelligence (p < 0.05). There was a moderately positive relationship between artificial intelligence anxiety and unemployment anxiety level total score averages (p < 0.01).ConclusionsThere were high scores among participants for artificial intelligence anxiety and unemployment anxiety.

PMID:40172842 | DOI:10.1177/10519815241290648

Behav Pharmacol. 2025 Apr 2. doi: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000822. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Cannabidiol (CBD) was first isolated in the 1940s and its drug structure was established in the 1960s. It has risen significantly in popularity since then and has been observed to reduce inflammation and anxiety in patients. CBD is easy to obtain and consume, therefore, its common use is rising and has spread to use in pets and children. Few studies have focused on the use of CBD as a solution to aggression. In our study, we tested if CBD is effective in reducing aggression in Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) induced by territorial interactions. Betta fish were exposed to controls (water or acetone) and CBD treatments ranging from low, medium, and high (2, 10, and 20 mg CBD/L, respectively), and their behaviors after the visual introduction of an intruder fish were recorded. CBD reduced the odds of aggressive behavior in treated fish. Seventy-five percent of all control fish exhibited aggressive behaviors, while only 17% of CBD-treated fish displayed aggression. Especially, the low CBD dose seemed effective at preventing aggressive behaviors but fish also appeared more lethargic than in any of the other treatments. However, when CBD-treated fish displayed aggressive behaviors, CBD did not appear to reduce the amount of time fish spent being aggressive compared to aggressive fish that did not receive any CBD treatment. While the long-term effects of CBD still have to be examined, our study indicates that CBD might be effective in reducing aggression in Betta fish and potentially other pets.

PMID:40172839 | DOI:10.1097/FBP.0000000000000822

Biometrics. 2025 Apr 2;81(2):ujaf034. doi: 10.1093/biomtc/ujaf034.

ABSTRACT

Testing differences in mean vectors is a fundamental task in the analysis of high-dimensional microbiome compositional data. Existing methods may suffer from low power if the underlying signal pattern is in a situation that does not favor the deployed test. In this work, we develop 2-sample power-enhanced mean tests for high-dimensional compositional data based on the combination of $P$-values, which integrates strengths from 2 popular types of tests: the maximum-type test and the quadratic-type test. We provide rigorous theoretical guarantees on the proposed tests, showing accurate Type-I error rate control and enhanced testing power. Our method boosts the testing power toward a broader alternative space, which yields robust performance across a wide range of signal pattern settings. Our methodology and theory also contribute to the literature on power enhancement and Gaussian approximation for high-dimensional hypothesis testing. We demonstrate the performance of our method on both simulated data and real-world microbiome data, showing that our proposed approach improves the testing power substantially compared to existing methods.

PMID:40171801 | DOI:10.1093/biomtc/ujaf034

Acta Odontol Scand. 2025 Apr 2;84:155-164. doi: 10.2340/aos.v84.42959.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Bruxism, defined by the involuntary grinding or clenching of teeth, and epilepsy, a neurological ailment marked by recurring seizures, are both common conditions that can significantly affect persons’ quality of life. Although numerous studies have investigated the relationship between bruxism and epilepsy, the current evidence is ambiguous. This systematic review seeks to consolidate existing information to elucidate the association between bruxism and epilepsy.

METHODS: In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline, a systematic search was performed across electronic databases, including PubMed, Lilacs, and Web of Science. The search encompassed all pertinent publications published until September 2021. The inclusion criteria were established to encompass observational studies (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional) that investigated the relationship between bruxism and epilepsy in human populations.

RESULTS: The preliminary search produced a total of 142 articles. After a rigorous screening process, 3 studies were declared appropriate for inclusion in the systematic review. The research varied in design, sample size, and methodology, with some studying the prevalence of bruxism in epileptic patients, while others studied the prevalence of epilepsy in individuals with bruxism. Heterogeneity among the research was handled using proper statistical analyses.

CONCLUSION: The findings from the included studies suggested a probable link between bruxism and epilepsy. However, the evidence was uneven and equivocal, with some research indicating a favourable correlation, while others showed no meaningful relationship. Methodological restrictions, such as changes in diagnostic criteria and data collection procedures, could contribute to the observed inconsistencies. In addition, the possible influence of confounding factors, such as medication use and comorbidities, should be addressed in interpreting the data.

PMID:40171773 | DOI:10.2340/aos.v84.42959

J Plast Surg Hand Surg. 2025 Apr 2;60:78-83. doi: 10.2340/jphs.v60.43198.

ABSTRACT

Longitudinal trends in breast reconstruction after modified radical mastectomy remain under described. This study aims to assess procedural trends in autologous reconstruction (AR) and implant-based reconstruction (IBR), to analyse demographic shifts in these patients, and to examine differences in oncologic management. This retrospective study utilizes the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to investigate trends in immediate breast reconstruction from 2000 to 2020 following unilateral modified radical and radical mastectomy. Demographic and oncologic variables were collected, and reconstruction types were categorised as IBR, AR, or a combination. Subgroup analyses compared IBR and AR patients, and demographic changes between the 2000-2010 and 2010-2020 cohorts were examined. Chi-square tests in R studio were used for statistical analysis. Of the 25,649 patients, 51.8% underwent IBR and 48.2% AR. AR patients were typically younger, more frequently Black, had higher incomes, and were less likely to live in rural areas compared to IBR patients. A shift from AR to IBR was observed, with AR decreasing from 41.8% in 2000 to 24.5% in 2020. Significant demographic changes in AR patients included increased age, higher proportions of Black and Asian patients, reduced income, and increased non-marital status. Oncologic management differed, as AR patients were less likely to have received chemotherapy and radiation prior to their reconstruction, and experienced longer reconstruction times compared to IBR patients. This study highlights a decline in AR and rising IBR popularity, and reveals evolving patient characteristics. Understanding these trends is crucial for equitable access and informed decision-making in breast cancer reconstructive care.

PMID:40171755 | DOI:10.2340/jphs.v60.43198

Nanomedicine (Lond). 2025 Apr 2:1-17. doi: 10.1080/17435889.2025.2481823. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate comparatively the anticancer potential of Terbinafine loaded Dextran Sulphate coated Zein nanospheres against human prostate cancer PC3 cells to enhance the repurposing profile of terbinafine utilizing optimized nano-sized delivery systems.

MATERIALS & METHODS: The formula was fabricated using the thin film hydration technique. Particle size analysis, drug diffusion, and encapsulation efficiency were considered when evaluating the fabricated formula, which were developed using a Box-Behnken statistical design.

RESULTS: Due to the formula optimization, the mean particle size was 273.2 ± 1.98 nm, the zeta potential was -38.4 ± 2.77 mV, and the amount released after 36 h was 97.4 ± 5.7%. The formula exhibited significantly reduced IC₅₀ in PC3 cells by around 14-fold. A higher cellular uptake was observed. The cell cycle assay results obtained suppression of the proliferation, especially in the G₀/G₁ and S phases. This pro-apoptotic pattern of the optimized formula was confirmed by the increased mRNA expression of CASP3 and P53 and reduced expression of CDK1, CDK7, and CDK9. Furthermore, a higher production of reactive oxygen species was achieved.

CONCLUSION: The optimized formula revealed enhanced pro-apoptosis in PC3 cells which support the repurposing profile of terbinafine toward prostate cancer.

PMID:40171736 | DOI:10.1080/17435889.2025.2481823

Pediatr Int. 2025 Jan-Dec;67(1):e70010. doi: 10.1111/ped.70010.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The Lich-Gregoir procedure for bilateral vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is limited by the risk of urinary retention. Here, we investigated the efficacy of the Lich-Gregoir procedure compared to that of the Cohen procedure for bilateral VUR in children.

METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated children who underwent open ureteral re-implantation for bilateral VUR between 2010 and 2022. The patients’ clinical characteristics and perioperative outcomes were compared after 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM).

RESULTS: A total of 137 patients were enrolled in this study, with 122 undergoing the Cohen procedure and 15 undergoing the Lich-Gregoir procedure. After PSM, there were 14 patients in each group. The operative time was shorter in the Lich-Gregoir group (121.0 vs. 157.0 min; p = 0.018), while the urethral Foley stay was longer in the Cohen group (6.0 vs. 4.0 days; p < 0.001). Only the Cohen group required ureteral catheter insertion (4.5 days) and had a higher rate of bladder spasms (85.7% vs. 0%; p < 0.001). The Cohen group experienced two postoperative complications, while the Lich-Gregoir group had one patient with temporary urinary retention. The hospitalization period was longer in the Cohen group (8.0 vs. 7.0 days; p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in postoperative hydronephrosis, postoperative urinary tract infection, and persistent VUR between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS: The Lich-Gregoir procedure for bilateral VUR was safely and effectively performed in patients who met several criteria (e.g., toilet-trained patients, mild-to-moderate reflux, and normal bladder volume and function).

PMID:40171727 | DOI:10.1111/ped.70010

S Afr Fam Pract (2004). 2025 Mar 26;67(1):e1-e8. doi: 10.4102/safp.v67i1.6062.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) is a significant biomedical and cost-effective intervention in preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. This study aimed to compare VMMC before and during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Gauteng, one of the most affected provinces in South Africa by HIV and/or acquired immunity deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and COVID-19, to inform VMMC delivery and uptake during future pandemics.

METHOD: A comparative analysis. Routine VMMC data were obtained from all public and private hospitals in Gauteng province from the District Health Information System and medical schemes. The datasets were merged with the years 2019 and 2020 as before and during COVID-19 periods, respectively. Percentage change in VMMC was calculated to determine changes in VMMC before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

RESULTS: Provincially, VMMC declined in 2020 by an overall 33.8% for ≥ 10 years, 32.4% for 10-14 years and 35.8% for ≥ 15 years. All five districts in Gauteng province were affected differently. Exceptionally, the Tshwane Metropolitan district recorded an increase of 21.8% in ≥ 10 years and 36.0% in 10-14 years, despite a decline of -18.2% in ≥ 15 years in VMMC. While the other four districts saw a significant percentage decline in the three age groups of VMMC, the highest disruption was experienced in the West Rand district, in all three age groups.

CONCLUSION: In 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, VMMC substantially declined in Gauteng province. However, Tshwane, one of the five districts in Gauteng experienced an increase in VMMC, highlighting a health system resilient lesson to be learned. The fight against HIV is crucial and warrants the continuum of VMMC during future crises.Contribution: The evidence may inform policies on VMMC delivery post-COVID-19 and particularly during future outbreaks as a strive to curb HIV transmission in South Africa.

PMID:40171715 | DOI:10.4102/safp.v67i1.6062