Tag: nevin manimala

Health Psychol. 2023 May 1. doi: 10.1037/hea0001288. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Although mass vaccination is critical for curbing the spread of COVID-19 and saving lives, vaccine rates remain suboptimal in most countries, calling for effective behavioral interventions to promote vaccinations. Nonfinancial behavioral interventions and monetary incentives are commonly used to promote COVID-19 vaccination but their effects are mixed.

METHOD: Articles were searched in the Web of Science, PubMed, and PsycINFO databases. Previous review papers, Google Scholar search, references from the included articles, and unpublished databases were also searched for any other relevant articles.

RESULTS: Drawing on 71 studies comprising 1,132,533 participants and 233 effect sizes, we found that the overall behavioral interventions (including nonfinancial interventions and monetary incentives) have a small but statistically significant effect size of Cohen’s d = 0.20, 95% confidence interval [0.08, 0.31]. Different types of single interventions and combined strategies produce similar effects. Effect sizes were not moderated by early/late implementation time points, except that collective benefit-oriented interventions showed a marginally significant downward trend as COVID-19 evolves. The effect size of nonfinancial interventions did not significantly differ from monetary incentives.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings affirm the value of nonfinancial strategies and may help forecast the effectiveness of future interventions for ever-evolving pandemics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

PMID:37126030 | DOI:10.1037/hea0001288

J Gerontol Nurs. 2023 May;49(5):11-17. doi: 10.3928/00989134-20230414-01. Epub 2023 May 1.

ABSTRACT

Nurse practitioners (NPs) provide an increasing proportion of home-based primary care, despite restrictive scope of practice laws in approximately one half of states. We examined the relationship between scope of practice laws and state volume of NP-provided home-based primary care by performing an analysis of 2018 to 2019 Medicare claims. For each state we calculated the proportion of total home-based primary care visits by NPs and the proportion of all NPs providing home-based primary care. We used the 2018 American Association of Nurse Practitioners classification of state practice environment. We performed chi-square tests to assess the significance between volume and practice environment. We found that 42% of home-based primary care is delivered by NPs nationally, but substantial variation exists across states. We did not find a discernible or statistically significant pattern of uptake of NP-provided home-based primary care across full, reduced, or restricted states. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 49(5), 11-17.].

PMID:37126015 | DOI:10.3928/00989134-20230414-01

J Adolesc Health. 2023 Apr 30:S1054-139X(23)00152-0. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.02.042. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess the rate of mental health diagnoses and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) prescribing before and during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic.

METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study at an ambulatory pediatric clinic. A prepandemic (June 2018 to June 2019) and intrapandemic (June 2020 to June 2021) cohort were reviewed. The rate of mental health visits and new SSRI prescriptions were compared. Chi-squared analyses demonstrated a variance of statistical significance.

RESULTS: From 15,414 encounters (9,791 prepandemic and 5,623 intrapandemic), 397 mental health encounters were identified. 231 (4.1%) encounters occurred during the pandemic (vs. 1.7% prepandemic) and 63 (27.3%) SSRIs were prescribed (vs. 5.4% prepandemic). Mental health encounters (prevalence ratio 2.42, 95% confidence interval, 1.99-2.95, p < .001) and SSRI prescriptions (prevalence ratio 5.03, 95% confidence interval, 2.58-9.82, p < .001) were higher during the pandemic.

DISCUSSION: Our findings demonstrate increased rates of SSRI prescribing and mental health diagnoses during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic, suggesting an increased incidence of these conditions. Clinicians should be prepared to manage and screen for mental health conditions.

PMID:37125986 | DOI:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.02.042

Diabetes Care. 2023 May 1:dc222331. doi: 10.2337/dc22-2331. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: In this study we aim to unravel genetic determinants of coronary heart disease (CHD) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and explore their applications.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study for CHD in Chinese patients with T2D (3,596 case and 8,898 control subjects), followed by replications in European patients with T2D (764 case and 4,276 control subjects) and general populations (n = 51,442-547,261). Each identified variant was examined for its association with a wide range of phenotypes and its interactions with glycemic, blood pressure (BP), and lipid controls in incident cardiovascular diseases.

RESULTS: We identified a novel variant (rs10171703) for CHD (odds ratio 1.21 [95% CI 1.13-1.30]; P = 2.4 × 10-8) and BP (β ± SE 0.130 ± 0.017; P = 4.1 × 10-14) at PDE1A in Chinese T2D patients but found only a modest association with CHD in general populations. This variant modulated the effects of BP goal attainment (130/80 mmHg) on CHD (Pinteraction = 0.0155) and myocardial infarction (MI) (Pinteraction = 5.1 × 10-4). Patients with CC genotype of rs10171703 had >40% reduction in either cardiovascular events in response to BP control (2.9 × 10-8 < P < 3.6 × 10-5), those with CT genotype had no difference (0.0726 < P < 0.2614), and those with TT genotype had a threefold increase in MI risk (P = 6.7 × 10-3).

CONCLUSIONS: We discovered a novel CHD- and BP-related variant at PDE1A that interacted with BP goal attainment with divergent effects on CHD risk in Chinese patients with T2D. Incorporating this information may facilitate individualized treatment strategies for precision care in diabetes, only when our findings are validated.

PMID:37125963 | DOI:10.2337/dc22-2331

Orbit. 2023 May 1:1-6. doi: 10.1080/01676830.2023.2204493. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of botulinum toxin (BTX) and partial orbital lobe dacryoadenectomy (POLD) on the main lacrimal gland functions using the direct assessment of its secretory activity.

METHODS: A pilot study involving 14 subjects (mean age, 42.16 years) with proximal bicanalicular block (n = 9) or complete punctal effacement (n = 5) received either intraglandular 2.5 units of BTX (n = 7) or underwent the POLD procedure (n = 7). Dynamic assessment of tear secretion from the palpebral lobes was performed as per standard protocols. The parameters studied included Schirmer I, changes in the glandular outflow, and the neurosensory secretory lag.

RESULTS: Schirmer I values showed a mean reduction of 5.25 mm (range, 2-8 mm) following BTX injection, and mean tear flow decreased from 1.46 $\mu l/min$ to 1.11 $\mu l/min$ (P = 0.15). The POLD group showed a significant mean reduction of 0.45 $\mu l/min$ in mean tear flow at 1 month (P = 0.03) and 0.32 $\mu l/min$ at 3 months of follow-up (P = 0.20). However, there was no statistically significant change of the Schirmer values in the POLD group at 3 months.

CONCLUSION: Direct assessment of lacrimal gland function can be used to monitor changes following the gland therapies. Although POLD shows a significant reduction in short term, significant surgical improvisation would be needed for it to be effective in long term. A larger study is ongoing to further our understanding.

PMID:37125960 | DOI:10.1080/01676830.2023.2204493

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2023 May 1. doi: 10.1002/ohn.359. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: (1) To measure the change in auditory and vestibular symptoms following superior canal dehiscence (SCD) surgery, and (2) to determine differences in clinical features and surgical outcomes between superior canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS) patients with primarily auditory or vestibular complaints.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING: Single surgeon series at the tertiary academic medical center from 2002 to 2021.

METHODS: Retrospective review of SCDS patients who underwent surgical repair. (1) Patients were administered a standardized symptom questionnaire at preoperative and follow-up visits, and results were compared with paired statistical testing. (2) Patients were divided into 2 cohorts based on either auditory or vestibular chief complaint and differences in demographic, clinical, and outcome variables were examined.

RESULTS: Our study included 113 patients with 118 operated ears. Twenty-seven patients (24%) had radiographic bilateral dehiscence. 10/11 auditory symptoms (91%) and 5/8 vestibular symptoms (63%) solicited on the questionnaire improved significantly with surgery, except for nonpulsatile tinnitus, sense of imbalance, positional dizziness, and oscillopsia. Analyses stratified by chief complaint (auditory vs vestibular) revealed overall similar characteristics and surgical outcomes. Patients with chief vestibular complaints underwent surgery at an earlier age (45.5 vs 53.9 years, p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: SCD surgery alleviates a wide range of auditory and vestibular symptoms. Overall, we did not find significant differences between patients with chief auditory versus vestibular complaints, and both groups benefited from surgery. Symptoms are not directly linked to third-window physiology and certain vestibular symptoms may be more likely to persist. Bilateral dehiscence may play an important role in persistent symptoms as well.

PMID:37125629 | DOI:10.1002/ohn.359

Work. 2023 Apr 26. doi: 10.3233/WOR-220360. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Many studies have evaluated physical activity and fatigue. However, a causal relationship between physical activity, fatigue and balance in healthcare workers has not been established.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the activity levels, fatigue, and dynamic balance of health workers who work actively or in a desk job in many different units in the hospital.

METHODS: 72 Health workers from two different groups participated in the study, 37 were active workers (AW), and 35 were desk workers (DW) at the Diyarbakir Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital. Participants were given a Sociodemographic Information Form, an International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and a 30-s Chair Stand Test (30-s CST) with a Modified Borg Scale (MBS) before starting work in the morning and at the end of work.

RESULTS: 69.4% of the study participants were female, and 54.2% were between 20 and 30 years old. It was found that the values of moderate physical activity, walking, and total physical activity were significantly higher in active workers than desk workers (p = 0.000). There was no statistically significant difference between the means of work start and after work fatigue of both groups (p > 0.05). A statistically significant difference was found when the starting and finishing work values of the dynamic balance tests of the groups were compared (p = 0.006).

CONCLUSION: It was found that the level of physical activity and dynamic balance of individuals working at desk jobs was significantly lower than that of the active group.

PMID:37125601 | DOI:10.3233/WOR-220360

Work. 2023 Apr 25. doi: 10.3233/WOR-220238. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Burnout syndrome has been extensively studied in different health science professions. It has been less studied in physiotherapy than in professions such as medicine. Moreover, it is not known how the working condition influences this syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to compare the burnout index between contract and freelance physiotherapists in the private sector in the Community of Madrid, Spain.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed with 174 participants divided into 2 groups; one group was composed of contract physiotherapists (n = 87) and the other group was composed of freelance physiotherapists (n = 87). A Mann-Whitney U test was performed for comparison between the groups. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlations between the burnout syndrome index and the secondary variables.

RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences when comparing the groups, with a large effect size for the burnout index with a higher rate among contract physiotherapists (78 [71-84.75]) than in freelance physiotherapists (61.5 [55-72.75]).There were also significant differences in the type of patients treated, number of patients treated per day, time spent per patient, and the annual salary range between the contract and freelance physiotherapists.

CONCLUSION: Contract physiotherapists who participated in this study had a significantly higher burnout syndrome index than freelance physiotherapists. Other socio-occupational variables were also found to be related to the burnout syndrome index in freelance physiotherapists and contract physiotherapists. The results of this study could be of interest for new occupational health strategies to reduce the burnout index in contract physiotherapists.

PMID:37125600 | DOI:10.3233/WOR-220238

Work. 2023 Apr 25. doi: 10.3233/WOR-220229. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The management and analysis of work ability risks is important to support well-being at work and requires multidimensional competence. Competence evaluation in Occupational Health Care professionals’ (OHCP) practice is essential for their professional development and promotion of quality of care.

OBJECTIVE: To describe OHCPs’ self-reported competence level to manage and analyze work ability risks.

METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study design was applied. The data were collected electronically from May to June 2018 using the Comp-WARMA instrument (scale 1 = poor – 4 = excellent) from Occupational Health Care professionals working in Finnish private medical centers (n = 169, response rate of 10%). The data were analyzed statistically.

RESULTS: The levels of knowledge and skills of OHCP in work ability risk management and analysis were mainly at good level (3.22 on average), but some deficient were still identified. The knowledge and skills of the work ability risk management and analysis were associated with the number of customer organizations they worked with, their attendance of supplementary training regarding work ability risk management and analysis, their amount of work experience, their type of employment, age, and gender.

CONCLUSION: OHCP self-reported competence levels in work ability risk management and analysis was at good level. There is a need for development in all areas of work ability risk management and analysis. OHCP could benefit from in-service education on work ability risk management and analysis. Further validation of the Comp-WARMA instrument in larger sample is needed.

PMID:37125599 | DOI:10.3233/WOR-220229

Technol Health Care. 2023 Apr 27. doi: 10.3233/THC-230300. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) could be more beneficial in clinical situations that involve the determination of root canal morphology.

AIM: The aim of the study was to ascertain the prevalence of radix molaris (paramolaris-RP and entomolaris-RE) in a subpopulation of Saudi Arabia using CBCT.

METHOD: A total of 700 CBCT scans of mandibular permanent first molars were included in this study. All CBCT scans were interpreted by two trained dentists and an endodontist. Mandibular permanent first molars with fully developed roots and closed apices were only included. Computed Tomography scans were obtained from the dental college record. The anatomic characteristics which were checked included: the prevalence of radix molaris in both RE and RP and the prevalence of radix molaris according to the patient’s gender and age. All CBCT images were processed and reconstructed using OnDemand3DTM imaging software.

RESULTS: Of the 700 patients included, 651 (93.0%) did not have radix molaris, 46 (6.6%) had radix entomolaris and 3 (0.4%) had radix paramolaris in the study group. There was no statistically significant difference between the genders and age in the incidence of RE and RP (P-value < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: The study showed that RE prevalence is more compared to RP in the first lower molars in the population studied. It is important to identify extra roots and associated canals to perform successful root canal treatment and avoid failure.

PMID:37125592 | DOI:10.3233/THC-230300