Tag: nevin manimala

Sci Rep. 2023 Apr 15;13(1):6157. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-33098-y.

ABSTRACT

A deep learning model (LCP CNN) for the stratification of indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPNs) demonstrated better discrimination than commonly used clinical prediction models. However, the LCP CNN score is based on a single timepoint that ignores longitudinal information when prior imaging studies are available. Clinically, IPNs are often followed over time and temporal trends in nodule size or morphology inform management. In this study we investigated whether the change in LCP CNN scores over time was different between benign and malignant nodules. This study used a prospective-specimen collection, retrospective-blinded-evaluation (PRoBE) design. Subjects with incidentally or screening detected IPNs 6-30 mm in diameter with at least 3 consecutive CT scans prior to diagnosis (slice thickness ≤ 1.5 mm) with the same nodule present were included. Disease outcome was adjudicated by biopsy-proven malignancy, biopsy-proven benign disease and absence of growth on at least 2-year imaging follow-up. Lung nodules were analyzed using the Optellum LCP CNN model. Investigators performing image analysis were blinded to all clinical data. The LCP CNN score was determined for 48 benign and 32 malignant nodules. There was no significant difference in the initial LCP CNN score between benign and malignant nodules. Overall, the LCP CNN scores of benign nodules remained relatively stable over time while that of malignant nodules continued to increase over time. The difference in these two trends was statistically significant. We also developed a joint model that incorporates longitudinal LCP CNN scores to predict future probability of cancer. Malignant and benign nodules appear to have distinctive trends in LCP CNN score over time. This suggests that longitudinal modeling may improve radiomic prediction of lung cancer over current models. Additional studies are needed to validate these early findings.

PMID:37061539 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-023-33098-y

Sci Rep. 2023 Apr 15;13(1):6158. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-31314-3.

ABSTRACT

Decreasing the conventional sources of oil reservoirs attracts researchers’ attention to the tertiary recovery of oil reservoirs, such as in-situ catalytic upgrading. In this contribution, the response surface methodology (RSM) approach and multi-objective optimization were utilized to investigate the effect of reaction temperature and catalysts soaking time on the concentration distribution of upgraded oil samples. To this end, 22 sets of experimental oil upgrading over Ni-W-Mo catalyst were utilized for the statistical modeling. Then, optimization based on the minimum reaction temperature, catalysts soaking time, gas, and residue wt.% was performed. Also, correlations for the prediction of concentration of different fractions (residue, vacuum gas oil (VGO), distillate, naphtha, and gases) as a function of independent factors were developed. Statistical results revealed that RSM model is in good agreement with experimental data and high coefficients of determination (R² = 0.96, 0.945, 0.97, 0.996, 0.89) are the witness for this claim. Finally, based on multi-objective optimization, 378.81 °C and 17.31 h were obtained as the optimum upgrading condition. In this condition, the composition of residue, VGO, distillate, naphtha, and gases are 6.798%, 39.23%, 32.93%, 16.865%, and 2.896%, respectively, and the optimum condition is worthwhile for the pilot and industrial application of catalyst injection during in-situ oil upgrading.

PMID:37061521 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-023-31314-3

J Chem Phys. 2023 Apr 14;158(14):144114. doi: 10.1063/5.0140882.

ABSTRACT

Simulation datasets of proteins (e.g., those generated by molecular dynamics simulations) are filled with information about how a non-covalent interaction network within a protein regulates the conformation and, thus, function of the said protein. Most proteins contain thousands of non-covalent interactions, with most of these being largely irrelevant to any single conformational change. The ability to automatically process any protein simulation dataset to identify non-covalent interactions that are strongly associated with a single, defined conformational change would be a highly valuable tool for the community. Furthermore, the insights generated from this tool could be applied to basic research, in order to improve understanding of a mechanism of action, or for protein engineering, to identify candidate mutations to improve/alter the functionality of any given protein. The open-source Python package Key Interactions Finder (KIF) enables users to identify those non-covalent interactions that are strongly associated with any conformational change of interest for any protein simulated. KIF gives the user full control to define the conformational change of interest as either a continuous variable or categorical variable, and methods from statistics or machine learning can be applied to identify and rank the interactions and residues distributed throughout the protein, which are relevant to the conformational change. Finally, KIF has been applied to three diverse model systems (protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, the PDZ3 domain, and the KE07 series of Kemp eliminases) in order to illustrate its power to identify key features that regulate functionally important conformational dynamics.

PMID:37061494 | DOI:10.1063/5.0140882

J Emerg Med. 2023 Mar 12:S0736-4679(23)00151-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2023.03.052. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There have been recent reports of increased QT interval after head trauma in concussed athletes and adult patients. Ondansetron, which is widely used in treatment of nausea and vomiting symptoms in head injuries, was issued a safety warning from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration regarding QT prolongation and risk of fatal dysrhythmias.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of ondansetron regarding QT prolongation for patients experiencing nausea or vomiting after head trauma.

METHODS: Patients aged 1-20 years presenting to a pediatric emergency department with head trauma and who required a dose of ondansetron for nausea or vomiting were enrolled in the study. Patients received a baseline 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) prior to administration of either oral or IV ondansetron. A second post-ondansetron 12-lead ECG was performed after administration of ondansetron. All ECGs were reviewed and the QTc calculated manually by a board-certified pediatric cardiologist.

RESULTS: Forty-two patients met enrollment criteria. Five patients received IV ondansetron and 37 received oral ondansetron. Mean QTc pre ondansetron was 387.5 ms and mean QTc post ondansetron was 400.9 ms (p = 0.120). We found no statistically significant difference in other ECG parameters pre and post ondansetron.

CONCLUSIONS: Ondansetron is safe in regard to QTc prolongation in patients with head trauma. Based on this research, ondansetron should continue to be used for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in emergency department patients who present with head injury.

PMID:37061459 | DOI:10.1016/j.jemermed.2023.03.052

Trends Biochem Sci. 2023 Apr 14:S0968-0004(23)00079-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.03.003. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) drive biological processes, and disruption of PPIs can cause disease. With recent breakthroughs in structure prediction and a deluge of genomic sequence data, computational methods to predict PPIs and model spatial structures of protein complexes are now approaching the accuracy of experimental approaches for permanent interactions and show promise for elucidating transient interactions. As we describe here, the key to this success is rich evolutionary information deciphered from thousands of homologous sequences that coevolve in interacting partners. This covariation signal, revealed by sophisticated statistical and machine learning (ML) algorithms, predicts physiological interactions. Accurate artificial intelligence (AI)-based modeling of protein structures promises to provide accurate 3D models of PPIs at a proteome-wide scale.

PMID:37061423 | DOI:10.1016/j.tibs.2023.03.003

Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2023 Mar 28:S0266-4356(23)00082-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2023.03.008. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this prospective study was to analyse if a delay in the time from injury to definitive surgical intervention of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of compound mandibular fractures predisposed to an increase in postoperative infectious complications. ORIF beyond 72 hours from injury was considered to be delayed intervention. Postoperative surgical site infections (SSI) and non-infectious complications (NIC) were recorded. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the delay in ORIF with SSI. The chi squared test/Fisher’s exact test was used to find the association of the infectious complication status with predetermined risk factors. Eighty-three patients underwent a delayed ORIF with a median (range) of 8 (4-19) days. SSI was documented in eight patients (9.6%) and could be managed as outpatient medical and surgical intervention. Two patients needed repeat surgical intervention due to non-union of the fracture. The median (range) time to ORIF was 6.5 (5-12) days in patients who developed SSI; the Mann-Whitney U test did not show a statistically significant association between delayed ORIF and SSI (p = 0.7). The univariate analysis did not establish a significant relationship between SSI and predetermined risk factors. The delay to definitive surgical intervention was not observed to be an independent attributing factor in postoperative infectious complications of compound mandibular fractures.

PMID:37061417 | DOI:10.1016/j.bjoms.2023.03.008

Seizure. 2023 Apr 12;108:24-32. doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2023.04.008. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Women with epilepsy (WWE) are vulnerable in pregnancy, with increased risks to mother and baby including teratogenic risks, especially from valproate. The free EpSMon mobile-phone app allows self-monitoring to afford patient-centred feedback on seizure related risks, such as sudden death in epilepsy (SUDEP) to its users. We sought to generate insights into various seizure related risks and its treatments in WWE of childbearing age (16 to 60 years ) using EpSMon.

METHODS: The study utilizes a prospective real-world cohort of 5.5 years. Patient reported data on demographics, medication taken, diagnoses, seizure types and recognised biological, psychological, and social factors of seizure related harm were extracted. Data was stratified according to frequent and infrequent users and those scoring lower and higher risk scores. Multivariate logistic regression and different statistical tests were conducted.

FINDINGS: Data from 2158 WWE of childbearing age encompassing 4016 self-assessments were analysed. Overall risk awareness was 25.3% for pregnancy and 54.1% for SUDEP. Frequent users were more aware of pregnancy risks but not of SUDEP. Repeated EpSMon use increased SUDEP awareness but not pregnancy risks. Valproate was used by 11% of WWE, ranging from 6.5% of younger to 31.5% of older women.

CONCLUSIONS: The awareness to risks to pregnancy, SUDEP and valproate is low. Valproate is being used by a significant minority. It is imperative risk communication continues for WWE based on their individual situation and need. This is unlikely to be delivered by current clinical models. Digital solutions hold promise but require work done to raise implementation and acceptability.

PMID:37060628 | DOI:10.1016/j.seizure.2023.04.008

Psychiatr Danub. 2023 Spring;35(1):92-96. doi: 10.24869/psyd.2023.92.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Investigating the outpatient clinic admissions of children and adolescents significantly affected by the pandemic is crucial in developing policy and intervention methods in the future. The aim of this study is to analyze the admissions of child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinics, during the first year since the imposed rearrangements of the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to the one year before.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This study was conducted between March 2019 and March 2021 and the total number of 5833 patients referred to the hospital was 3168 in the pre-pandemic period (Pre-P) and 2665 in the pandemic (In-P) period. After excluding 78 not fulfilling inclusion criteria, these screened cases were randomized for 700 patients for Pre-P and 700 for In-P within each group.

RESULTS: Externalization Disorders and Neurodevelopmental Disorders were the most represented diagnoses categories between the two time periods and showed a statistically significant decrease in admission during the pandemic (p=0.002, p=0.024, respectively). Internalization disorders and the undiagnosed group showed a statistically significant increase during the pandemic (p=0.024, p<0.001, respectively). Significant differences were also shown in the treatment plan (need for pharmacological and psychotherapy) has increased.

CONCLUSIONS: This study stands out by providing data on the trend of diagnosis in a child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic before and during the pandemic period. To dominate these trends would be important to provide a basis for policymakers to plan appropriate management methods and levels of support for children and adolescents with different mental disorders.

PMID:37060598 | DOI:10.24869/psyd.2023.92

Psychiatr Danub. 2023 Spring;35(1):73-79. doi: 10.24869/psyd.2023.73.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This research was conducted to objectively evaluate the level of brain fog that may develop due to many reasons.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This was a methodological study. This study was conducted in Turkey. Content validity ratio, EFA, CFA, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin analysis and Bartlett’s test of sphericity, Item analysis, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, Spearman-Brown, Guttman Analysis and test-retest correlations validity-reliability analysis were performed. The statistical meaningfulness level in all tests was determined as p<0.05.

RESULTS: As a result of context validity, factor analysis and item analysis, a 30 item scale with 3 subscale was obtained. The variance amount explained by the 3 subscale was on a very good level (77.43%). The fact that all of the Cronbach alpha, Spearman-Brown and Guttman internal consistency coefficients of the scale and all of its subscale are above 0.70. When the test retest reliability coefficients of the scale was examined, the scale was found to present consistent results in different applications and the scale was found to be reliable with regard to the constancy coefficient.

CONCLUSION: The Brain Fog Scale consists of 30 items and 3 subscales. It is a valid and reliable instrument.

PMID:37060595 | DOI:10.24869/psyd.2023.73

Hepatol Res. 2023 Apr 15. doi: 10.1111/hepr.13910. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIM: Data on the geoepidemiology and outcomes of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) in Asia are limited; thus, we aimed to collect and assess this information for Taiwan.

METHODS: A nationwide population-based cohort study was conducted using data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. PBC was defined by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code 571.6 based on alkaline phosphatase and anti-mitochondrial antibody measurements and ursodeoxycholic acid treatment.

RESULTS: During 2002-2015, 2,737 patients (females: 2,137; mean age: 57.78 years) had PBC. The average annual age- and sex-adjusted prevalence and incidence rates of PBC were 8.092/10⁵ and 1.148/10⁵ , respectively. Prevalent cases peaked in patients aged 50-59 years; the female-to-male ratio was 4.21. Annual prevalence rates increased with time (average percentage change: 12.03%, p<0.0001). The annual incidence rates decreased with time (-7.39%, p=0.000011) in females (-8.94%; p=0.000003) but remained steady in males. Female-to-male and northern-to-southern relative risks of PBC incidence rates ranged from 2.2675 to 4.3318 and from 1.5707 to 3.1725, respectively. The 14-year hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cumulative incidence was 9.11%, and the mortality rate was 32.44%; the cumulative incidences of dyslipidemia, thyroid disease, and extrahepatic cancers were 65.13%, 24.40%, and 12.79%, respectively. Higher cumulative incidences of HCC (p=0.0064) and mortality (p<0.0001) were noted in male than female PBC patients; southern Taiwan PBC patients had higher cumulative incidences of mortality (p<0.0001) than their northern counterparts.

CONCLUSION: In Taiwan, decreasing trends in incidence rates and the female-to-male ratio of PBC patients and specific sex and geographic impacts on the incidence rates and outcomes of PBC demand further investigation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:37060573 | DOI:10.1111/hepr.13910