Tag: nevin manimala

Methods Mol Biol. 2023;2583:63-79. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2752-5_7.

ABSTRACT

Microcephaly often results from mitotic defects in neuronal progenitors, frequently by decreasing proliferation rates or shifting cell fates. During neurogenesis, oriented cell division-the molecular control of mitotic spindle positioning to control the axis of division-represents an important mechanism to balance expansion of the progenitor pool with generating cellular diversity. While mostly studied in the context of cortical development, more recently, spindle orientation has emerged as a key player in the formation of other brain regions such as the cerebellum. Here we describe methods to perform automated dual-color fluorescent immunohistochemistry on murine cerebellar sections using the mitotic markers phospho-Histone H3 and Survivin, and detail analytical and statistical approaches to display and compare division orientation datasets.

PMID:36418726 | DOI:10.1007/978-1-0716-2752-5_7

Updates Surg. 2022 Nov 23. doi: 10.1007/s13304-022-01427-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The objective is to explore the correlation between ultrasonic gallbladder length-width ratio (LTWR) and age, and the value of differential diagnosis between biliary atresia (BA) and other hepatic cholestasis. From January 2016 to June 2022, the data of 183 patients with jaundice who underwent abdominal ultrasound and surgical exploration in the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University were analyzed retrospectively. The demographic data, liver function, and ultrasonic parameters were recorded and analyzed. There were statistically significant differences between BA group and non-BA group in maximum length, maximum width and LTWR of gallbladder (P < 0.001). In all age groups (I: ≤ 30 days; II: 31-60 days; III: 61-90 days; IV: 91-120 days; V: ≥ 121 days), in which group III (61-90 days) had the highest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.843, and group V (≥121 days) had the lowest AUC of 0.548. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of gallbladder LTWR > 3.26 for BA in group II (31-60 days) were 78.9%, 75.0%, 75.0%, 78.9% and 76.9%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of gallbladder LTWR > 3.69 for BA in group III (61-90 days) were 76.6%, 84.6%, 92.5%, 59.5% and 78.9%, respectively. Ultrasonography LTWR of gallbladder has certain value in the diagnosis of BA. The diagnostic value of gallbladder LTWR in infants with different ages was quite different, and it was relatively high in infants with 31-90 days.

PMID:36418718 | DOI:10.1007/s13304-022-01427-x

Methods Mol Biol. 2023;2588:317-351. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2780-8_19.

ABSTRACT

Today, -omics analyses, including the systematic cataloging of messenger RNA and microRNA sequences or DNA methylation patterns in a cell population, organ or tissue sample, allow for an unbiased, comprehensive genome-level analysis of complex diseases, offering a large advantage over earlier “candidate” gene or pathway analyses. A primary goal in the analysis of these high-throughput assays is the detection of those features among several thousand that differ between different groups of samples. In the context of oral biology, our group has successfully utilized -omics technology to identify key molecules and pathways in different diagnostic entities of periodontal disease.A major issue when inferring biological information from high-throughput -omics studies is the fact that the sheer volume of high-dimensional data generated by contemporary technology is not appropriately analyzed using common statistical methods employed in the biomedical sciences. Furthermore, machine learning methods facilitate the detection of additional patterns, beyond the mere identification of lists of features that differ between groups.Herein, we outline a robust and well-accepted bioinformatics workflow for the initial analysis of -omics data using open-source tools. We outline a differential expression analysis pipeline that can be used for data from both arrays and sequencing experiments, and offers the possibility to account for random or fixed effects. Furthermore, we present an overview of the possibilities for a functional analysis of the obtained data including subsequent machine learning approaches in form of (i) supervised classification algorithms in class validation and (ii) unsupervised clustering in class discovery.

PMID:36418696 | DOI:10.1007/978-1-0716-2780-8_19

Pharm Res. 2022 Nov 23. doi: 10.1007/s11095-022-03440-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Long-acting formulations of the potent antiretroviral prodrug tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) hold potential as biomedical HIV prevention modalities. Here, we present a rigorous comparison of three animal models, C57BL/6 J mice, beagle dogs, and merino sheep for evaluating TAF implant pharmacokinetics (PKs).

METHODS: Implants delivering TAF over a wide range of controlled release rates were tested in vitro and in mice and dogs. Our existing PK model, supported by an intravenous (IV) dosing dog study, was adapted to analyze mechanistic aspects underlying implant TAF delivery.

RESULTS: TAF in vitro release in the 0.13 to 9.8 mg d^-1 range with zero order kinetics were attained. Implants with equivalent fabrication parameters released TAF in mice and sheep at rates that were not statistically different, but were 3 times higher in dogs. When two implants were placed in the same subcutaneous pocket, a two-week creep to C_max was observed in dogs for systemic drug and metabolite concentrations, but not in mice. Co-modeling IV and TAF implant PK data in dogs led to an apparent TAF bioavailability of 9.6 in the single implant groups (compared to the IV group), but only 1.5 when two implants were placed in the same subcutaneous pocket.

CONCLUSIONS: Based on the current results, we recommend using mice and sheep, with macaques as a complementary species, for preclinical TAF implant evaluation with the caveat that our observations may be specific to the implant technology used here. Our report provides fundamental, translatable insights into multispecies TAF delivery via long-acting implants.

PMID:36418671 | DOI:10.1007/s11095-022-03440-6

Hormones (Athens). 2022 Nov 22. doi: 10.1007/s42000-022-00421-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Pain has always been a major concern in postoperative care. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of Mozart music on postoperative pain and physiological parameters in patients who underwent total thyroidectomy.

METHODS: Patients scheduled for total thyroidectomy were randomly assigned to a music group or a control group. The music intervention was applied immediately after surgery, whereas the control group received only usual care. Measurements of pain perception and physiological parameters were performed before, during, and after the music intervention in the music group and at the same time points in the control group. Pain was evaluated with the visual analog scale.

RESULTS: In a study population of 50 patients, a higher rate of decrease in pain was observed in the music group after the first 10 min of the music intervention compared to the control group (estimate = – 1.329; 95% CI [- 2.490, – 0.169]). Music also reduced respiratory rate by 1.31 rates/min more in the music group than in the control group at every assessment point (95% CI [- 2.171, – 0.451]). Changes in the remaining physiological parameters were not statistically significant between the music and the control group and within each group.

CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the use of music during immediate postoperative care after thyroidectomy could accelerate pain relief and lead to a greater decline of respiratory rate compared to that achieved in usual care.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04699084, 30/12/2020.

PMID:36418659 | DOI:10.1007/s42000-022-00421-7

Bull Math Biol. 2022 Nov 23;85(1):1. doi: 10.1007/s11538-022-01101-8.

ABSTRACT

Cyclic predator-prey systems are often observed in nature. In a spatial setting, these can manifest as periodic traveling waves (PTW). Environmental change and direct human activity are known to, among other effects, increase the heterogeneity of the physical environment, which prey and predator inhabit. Aiming to understand the effects of heterogeneity on predator-prey PTWs, we consider a one-dimensional infinite landscape Rosenzweig-MacArthur reaction-diffusion model, with alternating patch types, and study the PTWs in this system. Applying the method of homogenisation, we show how heterogeneity can affect the stability of PTW solutions. We illustrate how the effects of heterogeneity can be understood and interpreted using Turchin’s concept of residence index (encapsuling diffusion rate and patch preference). In particular, our results show that prey heterogeneity acts to modulate the effects of predator heterogeneity, by this we mean that as prey increasingly spend more time in one patch type over another the stability of the PTWs becomes more sensitive to heterogeneity in predator movement and behaviour.

PMID:36418648 | DOI:10.1007/s11538-022-01101-8

Genetica. 2022 Nov 24. doi: 10.1007/s10709-022-00175-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The geographic range of a species is crucial for obtaining information on the exact distribution of the species. The geographic data are important for delimiting distinct species or exploring the degree of differentiation among different populations of a species. The local details of species boundaries facilitate the study of the importance of phylogeographic background, secondary contacts, and hybrid zones, along with the relations between the species and its extrinsic environmental factors. In the present study, the range boundaries of Bufo bufo and Bufo verrucosissimus in the north-eastern region of Türkiye were delineated using an integrative taxonomic approach that utilized a combination of molecular and morphological data. According to the mtDNA results of the present study, B. bufo inhabits a single distribution from İyidere town to Çayeli town in Rize, while B. verrucosissimus is distributed from Şavşat town of Artvin to Ardeşen town in Rize. In addition, the two species coexist in Pazar, Hemşin, and Çamlıhemşin towns in Rize. The demographic analyses indicated a distinct population expansion for the B. verrucosissimus species after the Last Glacial Maximum, while the same did not occur for B. bufo. The univariate and multivariate statistical analyses conducted for the morphological data of the two species corroborated the presence of a putative contact zone between B. bufo and B. verrucosissimus. In summary, the present study resolved the non-distinct geographic boundaries between B. bufo and B. verrucosissimus species and also revealed the easternmost distribution of B. bufo in Türkiye. In addition, important evidence on the putative contact zone between the two species was indicated using an integrative taxonomic approach.

PMID:36418607 | DOI:10.1007/s10709-022-00175-5

Environ Monit Assess. 2022 Nov 24;195(1):145. doi: 10.1007/s10661-022-10736-y.

ABSTRACT

The current study emphasizes on the applicability of combining the electrokinetic (EK) and permeable reactive barriers (PRB) techniques compared to the simple EK technique. For this purpose, a statistical analysis is conducted using the Fractional Factorial Design statistical method. Also, General Linear Model and Two-sample T-Test analyzes are considered to clarify which type of soil remediation technique represents the highest efficiency. Calcium peroxide, an affordable material with easy capability for cultivation, is utilized in the PRB process to eliminate the soil from diesel contamination. The experiments were performed for 3 days and 10 days, according to which the initial contamination rates of 10 and 20% were selected, and the applied voltages were 20 V and 30 V. Using the innovative remediation technique, the experiments were conducted for 10 days with 20% initial pollution content and the applied voltage of 30 V, the initial gasoil content was about 190.5 mg/g, and after applying the proposed technique, the average final pollution content throughout soil reached approximately 37 mg/g. This experiment was also conducted for the approximately initial gasoil content of 185, 206, and 191 mg/g, which led to the removal efficiency of 79.59%, 78.93%, and 79.15%, respectively. The main novelty of this paper is attributed to the use of calcium peroxide in the EK-PRB technique and the statistical analysis conducted in this study that indicates the remarkable efficiency of the proposed approach. It was also revealed that the efficiency of the proposed technique is on par with the other state-of-art ones presented in the literature and even sometimes outperforms them.

PMID:36418576 | DOI:10.1007/s10661-022-10736-y

Int Urogynecol J. 2022 Nov 23. doi: 10.1007/s00192-022-05409-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Urinary incontinence (UI) and overactive bladder (OAB) are common conditions worldwide. These conditions significantly affect the quality of life (QoL) of patients with limited mobility. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most commonly performed orthopedic procedures, resulting in pain relief, as well as improved function and QoL. This study was aimed at evaluating changes in patients’ mobility as a result of TKA surgery and the effect of these changes on their OAB and UI symptoms.

METHODS: A total of 49 female patients with stage IV osteoarthrosis were included in the study. The International Consultation on Incontinence Question-Short Form (ICIQ-SF), Overactive Bladder-Validated 8 (OAB-V8), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Oxford Knee Score (OKS) forms were completed pre-operatively and at the 6th post-operative month. Both knee flexion angles were measured, and the post-void residual urine volume (PVR) was recorded.

RESULTS: A statistically significant (p<0.001) decrease was observed in the ICIQ-SF, VAS, OKS, and OAB-V8 scores in the post-operative period compared with the pre-operative values. No statistically significant change was detected in PVR (p=0.103). There was a statistically significant increase in the flexion angle (p<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: After knee arthroplasty, there was a noticeable improvement in the OAB symptoms and UI complaints of the patients. Therefore, we consider that increasing mobility after TKA will positively affect OAB/UI in female patients.

PMID:36418570 | DOI:10.1007/s00192-022-05409-w

Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2022 Nov 23. doi: 10.1007/s00213-022-06275-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

RATIONALE: Unconditioned tasks in rodents have been the mainstay of behavioural assessment for decades, but their validity and sensitivity to detect the behavioural consequences of early life stress (ELS) remains contentious and highly variable.

OBJECTIVES: In the present study, we carried out a meta-analysis to investigate whether persistent behavioural effects, as assessed using unconditioned procedures in rats, are a reliable consequence of early repeated maternal separation, a commonly used procedure in rodents to study ELS.

METHODS: A literature search identified 100 studies involving maternally separated rats and the following unconditioned procedures: the elevated plus maze (EPM); open field test (OFT); sucrose preference test (SPT) and forced swim task (FST). Studies were included for analysis if the separation of offspring from the dam was at least 60 min every day during the pre-weaning period prior to the start of adolescence.

RESULTS: Our findings show that unconditioned tasks are generally poor at consistently demonstrating differences between control and separated groups with pooled effect sizes that were either small or non-existent (EPM: Hedge’s g = – 0.35, p = 0.01, OFT: Hedge’s g = – 0.32, p = 0.05, SPT: Hedge’s g = – 0.33, p = 0.21, FST: Hedge’s g = 0.99, p = 0.0001). Despite considerable procedural variability between studies, heterogeneity statistics were low; indicating the lack of standardization in the maternal separation protocol was the not the cause of these inconsistent effects.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that in general, unconditioned tests of depression and anxiety are not sufficient to reveal the full behavioural repertoire of maternal separation stress should not be relied upon in isolation. We argue that more objective tasks that sensitively detect specific cognitive processes are better suited for translational research on stress-related disorders such as depression.

PMID:36418564 | DOI:10.1007/s00213-022-06275-6