Tag: nevin manimala

J Am Nutr Assoc. 2022 Nov 23:1-10. doi: 10.1080/27697061.2022.2144540. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of daily consumption of high-polyphenol (HP) olive oil on neurogenesis by investigating neuronal cell proliferation and maturation in the hippocampus of old rats, and to evaluate the relationship between neurogenesis, spatial memory, and anxiety-like behavior.

METHODS: A total of 34 female, 20-22-month-old Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control group, low-polyphenol (LP) group, and high-polyphenol (HP) group. The animals were fed distilled water, LP olive oil and HP-extra virgin olive oil, respectively for 6 weeks using an oral gavage. At 43 days, animals were tested using the Morris Water Maze to evaluate spatial memory, and the Open-field test to evaluate anxiety-like behavior. Neural cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus (DG) was determined by BrdU labeling and Nestin protein expression. Neuronal maturation was determined by NeuN labeling. Synaptic density in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex was examined by measuring Synaptophysin (SYN) levels. Hippocampal Calbindin levels were measured to assess cellular calcium metabolism.

RESULTS: Daily consumption of HP olive oil significantly improved cell proliferation and neuronal maturation in the DG of old rats. HP-olive oil significantly increased SYN levels in the prefrontal cortex, and nestin and calbindin levels in the hippocampus (p < 0.05). LP olive oil diet has shown no effect on any parameter (p > 0.05). We also did not find any statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of spatial memory and anxiety-like behavior (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Our study is first to show that daily consumption of HP-olive oil enhances hippocampal neurogenesis in old rats, which has been confirmed by proliferation and maturation biomarkers. In addition, increased SYN and calbindin levels showed that the generated cells were also functionally developed in the HP group. We suggest that daily consumption of HP olive oil may have beneficial effects on brain aging by triggering neurogenesis.

PMID:36416641 | DOI:10.1080/27697061.2022.2144540

Ear Nose Throat J. 2022 Nov 23:1455613221140281. doi: 10.1177/01455613221140281. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) is frequent in children with adenoid hypertrophy (AH). Although the most common treatment of AH is surgical removal of adenoid tissue, numerous studies have reported the efficacy of intranasal steroids. The effects of the intranasal steroid and azelastine combination on AH and ETD have not been reported before. In this study, we tried to determine the effects of 3-month intranasal Azelastine-Fluticasone dipropionate combination (Aze-Flu) treatment in children with ETD and AH.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: 100 children who had open mouth sleep, snoring, and sleep apnea and were diagnosed with AH and ETD participated in this study. The mean age was 7.73 ± 2.37 (4-14 years). The rates of adenoid tissue hypertrophy and choanal occlusion were evaluated using a rigid pediatric nasal endoscope and reassessed after 3 months of Aze-Flu nasal spray treatment. The function of the Eustachian tube (ET) was evaluated before and after medical treatment using the Eustachian tube score, the Eustachian dysfunction test-7 (ETS-7) and tubomanometry (TMM).

RESULTS: The results were evaluated in 100 patients with AH and ETD. The adenoid tissue to choana rate was 82% before treatment and decreased to 37% after treatment. The ETS-7 test score was 6.36 before treatment and increased to 9.72 at the end of 3 months. Both the regression of the adenoid tissue and the improvement in the Eustachian function scores were statistically significant (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: AH significantly increases the frequency of ETD. In this study, it was observed that Aze-Flu treatment was significantly effective in both regression of the adenoid tissue and Eustachian tube dysfunction. We believe that it can be applied as an initial therapy in children with AH and associated ETD.

PMID:36416201 | DOI:10.1177/01455613221140281

Biometrics. 2022 Nov 22. doi: 10.1111/biom.13800. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In biomedical science, analyzing treatment effect heterogeneity plays an essential role in assisting personalized medicine. The main goals of analyzing treatment effect heterogeneity include estimating treatment effects in clinically relevant subgroups and predicting whether a patient subpopulation might benefit from a particular treatment. Conventional approaches often evaluate the subgroup treatment effects via parametric modeling and can thus be susceptible to model mis-specifications. In this paper, we take a model-free semiparametric perspective and aim to efficiently evaluate the heterogeneous treatment effects of multiple subgroups simultaneously under the one-step targeted maximum-likelihood estimation (TMLE) framework. When the number of subgroups is large, we further expand this path of research by looking at a variation of the one-step TMLE that is robust to the presence of small estimated propensity scores in finite samples. From our simulations, our method demonstrates substantial finite sample improvements compared to conventional methods. In a case study, our method unveils the potential treatment effect heterogeneity of rs12916-T allele (a proxy for statin usage) in decreasing Alzheimer’s disease risk. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:36416173 | DOI:10.1111/biom.13800

J Am Heart Assoc. 2022 Nov 23:e027339. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.122.027339. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Background Eosinophil count (EOS) has been proposed to provide prognostic information in multiple cardiovascular disorders. However, few researchers have investigated the predictive value of EOS for patients with type B aortic dissection who had thoracic endovascular repair. Methods and Results The authors reviewed the records of 912 patients with type B aortic dissection who were treated with thoracic endovascular repair in Changhai Hospital, Shanghai. By using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, patients were divided into 2 groups based on the admission EOS cutoff value (<7.4×10⁶/L [n=505] and ≥7.4×10⁶/L [n=407]). To reduce selection bias, propensity score matching was applied. Multivariable regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier curves were performed to assess the association between EOS and long-term outcomes. Furthermore, we investigated nonlinear correlations between EOS and outcomes using general additive models with restricted cubic splines. In the matched population, lower EOS was associated with significantly higher 30-day mortality (4.1% vs 0%, P=0.007). There was no statistically difference in 30-day adverse events between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with an EOS <7.4×10⁶/L had a higher incidence of 1-year all-cause death (7.95% vs. 2.34%, P=0.008) and aortic-related death (5.98% vs 1.81%, P=0.023) than those with higher EOS. Multivariable Cox analysis showed that continuous EOS was independently associated with 1-year mortality (hazard ratio, 3.23 [95% CI, 1.20-8.33], P=0.019). In addition, we discovered a nonlinear association between EOS and 1-year outcomes. Conclusions Lower admission EOS values predict higher short- and long-term mortality after thoracic endovascular repair.

PMID:36416154 | DOI:10.1161/JAHA.122.027339

Bioinformatics. 2022 Nov 23:btac755. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac755. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

MOTIVATION: Dynamic mechanistic modelling in systems biology has been hampered by the complexity and variability associated with the underlying interactions, and by uncertain and sparse experimental measurements. Ensemble modelling, a concept initially developed in statistical mechanics, has been introduced in biological applications with the aim of mitigating those issues. Ensemble modelling uses a collection of different models compatible with the observed data to describe the phenomena of interest. However, since systems biology models often suffer from lack of identifiability and observability, ensembles of models are particularly unreliable when predicting non-observable states.

RESULTS: We present a strategy to assess and improve the reliability of a class of model ensembles. In particular, we consider kinetic models described using ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with a fixed structure. Our approach builds an ensemble with a selection of the parameter vectors found when performing parameter estimation with a global optimization metaheuristic. This technique enforces diversity during the sampling of parameter space and it can quantify the uncertainty in the predictions of state trajectories. We couple this strategy with structural identifiability and observability analysis, and when these tests detect possible prediction issues we obtain model reparameterizations that surmount them. The end result is an ensemble of models with the ability to predict the internal dynamics of a biological process. We demonstrate our approach with models of glucose regulation, cell division, circadian oscillations, and the JAK-STAT signalling pathway.

AVAILABILITY: The code that implements the methodology and reproduces the results is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6782638.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

PMID:36416122 | DOI:10.1093/bioinformatics/btac755

Brief Bioinform. 2022 Nov 22:bbac483. doi: 10.1093/bib/bbac483. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

DNA-binding proteins (DBPs) play crucial roles in numerous cellular processes including nucleotide recognition, transcriptional control and the regulation of gene expression. Majority of the existing computational techniques for identifying DBPs are mainly applicable to human and mouse datasets. Even though some models have been tested on Arabidopsis, they produce poor accuracy when applied to other plant species. Therefore, it is imperative to develop an effective computational model for predicting plant DBPs. In this study, we developed a comprehensive computational model for plant specific DBPs identification. Five shallow learning and six deep learning models were initially used for prediction, where shallow learning methods outperformed deep learning algorithms. In particular, support vector machine achieved highest repeated 5-fold cross-validation accuracy of 94.0% area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) and 93.5% area under precision recall curve (AUC-PR). With an independent dataset, the developed approach secured 93.8% AUC-ROC and 94.6% AUC-PR. While compared with the state-of-art existing tools by using an independent dataset, the proposed model achieved much higher accuracy. Overall results suggest that the developed computational model is more efficient and reliable as compared to the existing models for the prediction of DBPs in plants. For the convenience of the majority of experimental scientists, the developed prediction server PlDBPred is publicly accessible at https://iasri-sg.icar.gov.in/pldbpred/.The source code is also provided at https://iasri-sg.icar.gov.in/pldbpred/source_code.php for prediction using a large-size dataset.

PMID:36416116 | DOI:10.1093/bib/bbac483

Pflege. 2022 Nov 23. doi: 10.1024/1012-5302/a000918. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

An urban-rural comparison of family stress and early childhood intervention: Data linkage between two cross-sectional studies Abstract. Background: So far, there is insufficient information about where in Germany which families are reached by home-visiting programs and how well. One example is the provision of home-visiting program by health service professionals (LaB) in early childhood intervention. Research questions: Are there urban-rural differences in psychosocial stress among families? What differences exist in terms of expanding support services, receiving a service, and using the offered LaB? Methods: Data from a representative family survey on psychosocial stress characteristics and the use of services, and a nationwide survey of professionals on the development and expansion of early childhood intervention at the community level were linked. Analyses included descriptive statistics and regression models. Results: Most psychosocial stress characteristics were reported with similar rates in rural and urban areas. Although the LaB program is more widespread in urban regions, it was more likely to be used in rural regions when offered. LaB was more likely to be used by families with migration background, with signs of depression or anxiety of parents, and with a child with perinatal adversities, and less likely when there was a need for expansion of this service. Conclusions: The increased use in rural areas could be due to the fact that there are long distances to few centralized services. Therefore, the outreach character of the LaB program is appreciated, especially among less mobile families.

PMID:36416107 | DOI:10.1024/1012-5302/a000918

J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2022 Nov 23:19322968221139873. doi: 10.1177/19322968221139873. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is effective for diabetes management in cases of type 1 diabetes and adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) but has not been assessed in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with T2D. The objective of this pilot interventional study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of real-time CGM use in AYAs with T2D.

METHODS: Adolescents and young adults (13-21 years old) with T2D for six months or more and hemoglobin A1c (A1c) greater than 7%, on any Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment regimen, were included. After a blinded run-in period, participants were given access to a real-time CGM system for 12 weeks. The use and acceptability of the real-time CGM were evaluated by sensor usage, surveys, and focus group qualitative data.

RESULTS: Participants’ (n = 9) median age was 19.1 (interquartile range [IQR] 16.8-20.5) years, 78% were female, 100% were people of color, and 67% were publicly insured. Baseline A1c was 11.9% (standard deviation ±2.8%), with median diabetes duration of 2.5 (IQR 1.4-6) years, and 67% were using insulin. Seven participants completed the study and demonstrated statistically significant improvement in diabetes-related quality of life, with the mean Pediatric Quality of Life inventory (PedsQL) diabetes score increasing from 70 to 75 after using CGM (P = .026). Focus group results supported survey results that CGM use among AYAs with T2D is feasible, can improve quality of life, and has the potential to modify behavior.

CONCLUSION: Real-time CGM is feasible and acceptable for AYAs with T2D and may improve the quality of life of patients with diabetes. Larger randomized controlled trials are needed to assess the effects on glycemic control and healthy lifestyle changes.

PMID:36416098 | DOI:10.1177/19322968221139873

Ecology. 2022 Nov 23:e3924. doi: 10.1002/ecy.3924. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The global biodiversity crisis due to anthropogenic pressures jeopardizes marine ecosystems functioning and services. Community responses to these environmental changes can be assessed through functional diversity, a biodiversity component related to organism-environment interactions, estimated through biological traits related to organism functions (locomotion, feeding mode, reproduction). Fishes play a key role in marine systems functioning and supply proteins for billions of humans worldwide, yet most of the knowledge is limited to several commercial species and little is known about the intraspecific variability of their functional traits. The data provided here consists of 867 records of individuals from 85 species of ray-finned (Actinopterygii) and cartilaginous (Chondrichthyes) fishes sampled in the Bay of Biscay (Atlantic, France) between autumn 2017 and 2019. We provided for each individual the taxonomic classification, 16 ecomorphological measures (5 directly made on fresh individuals and 11 realized using individual pictures), that were converted into 9 ecomorphological traits classically documented in the literature (biomass, protrusion, oral gape shape, surface and position, eye size and position, body transversal shape and surface, pectoral fin position and caudal peduncle throttling) and 8 life history traits obtained from Fishbase (maximum length, average depth, depth range, trophic level, reproduction mode, fertilization mode, parental care, vertical position in the water column). These traits document several functions such as dispersion, feeding mode, habitat use, position in the food web, and reproduction. To improve the development of new traits, we provided a picture of each individual with an ROI file containing the different morpho-anatomical measures made using “ImageJ” software and an R function to extract them. In addition, we provided the metadata from each sampling site (years, dates, stations, sampling hours, strata, gears, latitudes, longitudes, depths) and environmental variables measured in situ (conductivity, salinity, water temperature, water density, air temperature). This data set accounting for the intraspecific variability among 85 fish species is of interest to better understand the effects of environmental forcing in a global change context as in the Bay of Biscay, a highly-fished transition zone harboring mixed assemblages of boreal, temperate, and subtropical fish species that are susceptible to display variability in functional trait to adapt to changing conditions. The data set is freely available without copyright restrictions; users should cite this paper in research products (publications, presentations, reports, etc.) derived from the data set.

PMID:36416055 | DOI:10.1002/ecy.3924

Pediatr Pulmonol. 2022 Nov 23. doi: 10.1002/ppul.26246. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INtubation- SURfactant-Extubation (InSurE) approach is traditional method of surfactant delivery in preterm neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS). Newer, Less Invasive Surfactant Administration(LISA) techniques lessen the need for mechanical ventilation and its adverse consequences. Evidence on the favourable effects of LISA can’t be extrapolated from developed to developing countries. Aim of Study is to compare the effectiveness of InSurE and LISA.

OBJECTIVES: Primary outcome was to find need of intubation and mechanical ventilation within 72 hrs of birth. Neonates were followed until discharge/death for adverse events and complications.

MATERIAL & METHODS: Open-label RCT was conducted at tertiary neonatal intensive care unit. Preterm neonates with diagnosis of RDS were randomized in two groups (InSurE or LISA) to receive surfactant soon after birth. NIPPV was used as primary mode of respiratory support.

RESULTS: Total of 150 neonates were analysed (75 in each group). Insignificant Statistical difference was seen in the need for intubation and mechanical ventilation within 72 h of birth between the two groups [InSurE, 30 (40%) and LISA, 30(40%), relative risk 1.0, 95% confidence interval 0.68-1.48]. 12% (n=9, LISA group) & 14.6% (n=11 InSurE group) had adverse events during the procedure. Also, we observed insignificant statistical difference in the rates of major complications or duration of respiratory support, hospital stay & mortality.

CONCLUSION: LISA and InSurE are equally effective for surfactant administration in the treatment of RDS, when NIPPV is the primary mode of respiratory support. More RCTs are required to compare the efficacy & long-term outcomes of LISA with InSurE. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:36416036 | DOI:10.1002/ppul.26246