Tag: nevin manimala

Phys Rev Lett. 2022 Nov 4;129(19):198003. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.198003.

ABSTRACT

Combinatorial problems arising in puzzles, origami, and (meta)material design have rare sets of solutions, which define complex and sharply delineated boundaries in configuration space. These boundaries are difficult to capture with conventional statistical and numerical methods. Here we show that convolutional neural networks can learn to recognize these boundaries for combinatorial mechanical metamaterials, down to finest detail, despite using heavily undersampled training sets, and can successfully generalize. This suggests that the network infers the underlying combinatorial rules from the sparse training set, opening up new possibilities for complex design of (meta)materials.

PMID:36399748 | DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.198003

Phys Rev Lett. 2022 Nov 4;129(19):195501. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.195501.

ABSTRACT

While deeply supercooled liquids exhibit divergent viscosity and increasingly heterogeneous dynamics as the temperature drops, their structure shows only seemingly marginal changes. Understanding the nature of relaxation processes in this dramatic slowdown is key for understanding the glass transition. Here, we show by atomistic simulations that the heterogeneous dynamics of glass-forming liquids strongly correlate with the local residual plastic strengths along soft directions computed in the initial inherent structures. The correlation increases with decreasing temperature and is maximum in the vicinity of the relaxation time. For the lowest temperature investigated, this maximum is comparable with the best values from the literature dealing with the structure-property relationship. However, the nonlinear probe of the local shear resistance in soft directions provides here a real-space picture of relaxation processes. Our detection method of thermal rearrangements allows us to investigate the first passage time statistics and to study the scaling between the activation energy barriers and the residual plastic strengths. These results shed new light on the nature of relaxations of glassy systems by emphasizing the analogy between the thermal relaxations in viscous liquids and the plastic shear transformation in amorphous solids.

PMID:36399740 | DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.195501

Phys Rev Lett. 2022 Nov 4;129(19):190401. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.190401.

ABSTRACT

We investigate the compression of quantum information with respect to a given set M of high-dimensional measurements. This leads to a notion of simulability, where we demand that the statistics obtained from M and an arbitrary quantum state ρ are recovered exactly by first compressing ρ into a lower-dimensional space, followed by some quantum measurements. A full quantum compression is possible, i.e., leaving only classical information, if and only if the set M is jointly measurable. Our notion of simulability can thus be seen as a quantification of measurement incompatibility in terms of dimension. After defining these concepts, we provide an illustrative example involving mutually unbiased bases, and develop a method based on semidefinite programming for constructing simulation models. In turn we analytically construct optimal simulation models for all projective measurements subjected to white noise or losses. Finally, we discuss how our approach connects with other concepts introduced in the context of quantum channels and quantum correlations.

PMID:36399736 | DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.190401

Phys Rev Lett. 2022 Nov 4;129(19):198101. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.198101.

ABSTRACT

Spontaneous fluctuations and stimulus response are essential features of neural functioning, but how they are connected is poorly understood. I derive fluctuation-dissipation relations (FDR) between the spontaneous spike and voltage correlations and the firing rate susceptibility for (i) the leaky integrate-and-fire (IF) model with white noise and (ii) an IF model with arbitrary voltage dependence, an adaptation current, and correlated noise. The FDRs can be used to derive thus far unknown statistics analytically [model (i)] or the otherwise inaccessible intrinsic noise statistics [model (ii)].

PMID:36399734 | DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.198101

Phys Rev Lett. 2022 Nov 4;129(19):192002. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.192002.

ABSTRACT

Using a sample of (10.09±0.04)×10^{9} J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring, a partial wave analysis of the decay J/ψ→γηη^{‘} is performed. The first observation of an isoscalar state with exotic quantum numbers J^{PC}=1^{-+}, denoted as η_{1}(1855), is reported in the process J/ψ→γη_{1}(1855) with η_{1}(1855)→ηη^{‘}. Its mass and width are measured to be (1855±9_{-1}^{+6}) MeV/c^{2} and (188±18_{-8}^{+3}) MeV, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic, and its statistical significance is estimated to be larger than 19σ.

PMID:36399732 | DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.192002

Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2022 Nov 18:2132082. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2132082. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Vaccine hesitancy is one of the major global health impedances. Due to the unprecedented developing rate, the COVID-19 vaccine engendered a high level of hesitancy worldwide. The aim of this study is to assess hesitancy of COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in Sudan. An online-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in Sudan between May and June 2021 using conventional sampling. An anonymous online questionnaire was distributed to healthcare workers (HCW) through different social media platforms and 930 healthcare workers agreed to participate. Data were cleaned in excel sheet and then statistically analyzed using R software version 4.0.2. Of total participants, 67.3% of them were females. Over three-fifths of the study participants agreed that COVID-19 vaccine is important and should be mandatory. A total of 570 (61.3%) agreed that COVID-19 vaccines are safe, whilst 584 (62.8%) had concerns regarding side effects of the vaccine and 533 (57.3%) believe insufficient trials were conducted. A total of 375 (40.3%) accept vaccination absolutely, while 292 (31.4%) accept with some hesitation and only 48 (5.2%) refuse absolutely. Insufficient information about side effects (42.6%) and the vaccine (39.9%) were the most common concerns regarding COVID-19 vaccination. Majority of Sudanese healthcare workers believed that COVID-19 vaccination should be mandatory. A high reliance on social media was observed among healthcare workers in Sudan for information on the COVID-19 pandemic.

PMID:36399718 | DOI:10.1080/21645515.2022.2132082

J Chem Theory Comput. 2022 Nov 18. doi: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00453. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

We present the second part of a two-part paper series intended to address a gap in computational capability for coarse-grain particle modeling and simulation, namely, the simulation of phenomena in which diffusion via mass transfer is a contributing mechanism. In part 1, we presented a formulation of a dissipative particle dynamics method to simulate interparticle mass transfer, termed generalized energy-conserving dissipative particle dynamics with mass transfer (GenDPDE-M). In the GenDPDE-M method, the mass of each mesoparticle remains constant following the interparticle mass exchange. In part 2 of this series, further verification and demonstrations of the GenDPDE-M method are presented for mesoparticles with embedded binary mixtures using the ideal gas (IG) and van der Waals (vdW) equation-of-state (EoS). The targeted readership of part 2 is toward practitioners, where applications and practical considerations for implementing the GenDPDE-M method are presented and discussed, including a numerical discretisztion algorithm for the equations-of-motion. The GenDPDE-M method is verified by reproducing the particle distributions predicted by Monte Carlo simulations for the IG and vdW fluids, along with several demonstrations under both equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions. GenDPDE-M can be generally applied to multi-component mixtures and to other fundamental EoS, such as the Lennard-Jones or Exponential-6 models, as well as to more advanced EoS models such as Statistical Associating Fluid Theory.

PMID:36399703 | DOI:10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00453

J Orthop Trauma. 2022 Dec 1;36(12):e442-e448. doi: 10.1097/BOT.0000000000002440.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the effect of intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) on blood transfusion requirements in adult patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. Secondary aim was to evaluate the safety by assessing thromboembolic events.

DATA SOURCES: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, PubMed, and Embase were searched for randomized controlled trials published in English from 2010.

STUDY SELECTION: Studies eligible for inclusion were randomized controlled trials that analyzed the use of intravenous TXA on blood transfusion requirement in hip fracture surgery.

DATA EXTRACTION: Titles and abstracts were screened and assessed for eligibility by 2 independent reviewers. Quality and risk of bias was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach and the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB2).

DATA SYNTHESIS: Meta-analysis with random and fixed effect models was performed. Risk ratio (RR) was calculated for dichotomous outcomes and estimated with a 95% confidence interval (CI). For continuous data, the risk difference (RD) was estimated with a 95% CI.

RESULTS: A total of 13 trials involving 1194 patients were included. Pooled results showed that patients in the TXA group had significantly lower transfusion requirements (RR 0.50, 95%CI 0.30-0.84, P = 0.009). Similar findings were observed in the subcohort of patients with transfusion threshold of Hb < 8g/dL, (RR 0.42, 95%CI 0.31-0.56, P < 0.0001). This risk reduction was not observed in the subcohort of patients with transfusion threshold of Hb 8.1-10g/dL who received TXA (RR 0.77, 95%CI 0.51-1.18, P = 0.23) and no statistically significant differences were found for total thromboembolic events (RR 0.01, 95%CI -0.02-0.04, P = 0.47).

CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis demonstrated that intravenous TXA reduced blood transfusion rates and did not increase the risk of thromboembolic events.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

PMID:36399681 | DOI:10.1097/BOT.0000000000002440

J Orthop Trauma. 2022 Dec 1;36(12):623. doi: 10.1097/BOT.0000000000002442.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To examine if rates of appropriate thromboprophylaxis prescribing at the time of discharge would be higher in patients admitted to the orthopaedic service. Second, to see if improvements could be made in the rates of these missed events after a structured intervention.

DESIGN: Retrospective Cohort Study, Prospective Interventional.

SETTING: Level 1 Academic Hospital.

PATIENTS: Two hundred forty-six patients undergoing a hip hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fracture discharged to an extended care facility.

INTERVENTION: A letter was sent to the internal quality control committee detailing our preintervention study.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: We looked at the differences among admitting services for missed thromboembolic prophylaxis (TPx) at the time of hospital discharge and rates of appropriate TPx after a structured intervention.

RESULTS: No statistically significant differences existed in relation to patient age, gender, body mass index, or postoperative discharge day in the preintervention group. Orthopaedic surgery prescribed adequate TPx at discharge for 76 of 77 patients (98.7%), general trauma surgery for 26 of 30 patients (86.7%), and internal medicine for 85 of 96 patients (86.7%) in the preintervention group. There was a statistically significant difference when comparing adequate TPx between orthopaedic surgery and other services (P < 0.013 and <0.021, respectively). Our postintervention data found a significant decrease in the rates of missed TPx on discharge. In our preintervention sample group compared with our postintervention sample group, we saw a decrease in missed TPx of 5/39 versus 0/43 events (P = 0.021).

CONCLUSIONS: We found that a letter sent to all members of a hospital internal quality committee decreased incidences of missed TPx. Specifically, this letter explained the details of our study that kept track of rates of missed TPx among different admitting services. We found that after our intervention, which consisted of a letter and a multidisciplinary discussion, the rate of missed thromboembolic prophylaxis events improved from 5/39 (12%) to 0/43 (0%) (P = 0.021).

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

PMID:36399674 | DOI:10.1097/BOT.0000000000002442

J Cataract Refract Surg. 2022 Nov 16. doi: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000001090. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess the effect of mask wear on corneal topography and tomography readings. Setting: Tertiary ophthalmic center. Design: Prospective, observational, comparative study.

METHODS: Subjects underwent imaging with the Tomey® TMS-4a topographer and the OCULUS Pentacam® HR tomographer. Imaging was performed without a mask and then testing was repeated while wearing three different masks: Halyard Level 2, Halyard Level 3 and KN95. Measurements during mask wear were compared to measurements without a mask. Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA grouped test was used to compare mean differences without vs with mask wear on measurements. Chi-square test was used to compare frequency of differences between different masks and against-the-rule versus with-the-rule astigmatism. The frequencies of clinically significant changes in axis of astigmatism, magnitude of astigmatism and mean keratometry values were calculated.

RESULTS: 52 eyes were included in the study with a mean age of 34.71. Mask wear did not show statistically significant differences in mean topography and tomography measurements compared to without mask wear for all parameters. However, the majority, 53% (83/156) had a >10 degrees and 41% (64/156) had >15 degrees change in axis of astigmatism on topography when wearing a mask compared to no mask wear.

CONCLUSIONS: Mask wear did not result in statistically significant mean changes in keratometry readings on topography and tomography. However, axis of astigmatism varied >10 degrees in the majority of patients. Axis determination should be interpreted with caution with respect to refractive surgery and/or toric intraocular lens planning in individuals whose measurements were obtained while wearing a mask.

PMID:36399667 | DOI:10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000001090