Tag: nevin manimala

Sci Rep. 2022 Nov 12;12(1):19383. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-24153-1.

ABSTRACT

We explored the association between cholesterol levels and dementia risk according to the presence of diabetes and statin use. In this population-based longitudinal cohort study, the Korean National Health Insurance Service datasets (2002-2017) were used. Among individuals aged ≥ 40 years who underwent health examinations in 2009 (N = 6,883,494), the hazard of dementia was evaluated according to cholesterol levels. During a median 8.33 years, 263,185 dementia cases were detected. In statin non-users with or without diabetes, the hazards of all-cause dementia were highest for those in the lowest quartile or quintile of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) level, showing an inverted J-shaped relationship. Among statin users with or without diabetes, an advance in LDL-C group was associated with an increase in hazards of all-cause dementia. In statin users with diabetes, even very low LDL-C level was not associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia. Although there was a seemingly paradoxical association between low LDL-C level and dementia risk in statin non-users, the trend was not observed in statin users and is not likely to be clinically relevant. Rather, an advance in LDL-C levels was associated with an increase in the hazard of all-cause dementia in statin users, regardless of the presence of diabetes.

PMID:36371594 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-24153-1

Environ Monit Assess. 2022 Nov 12;195(1):102. doi: 10.1007/s10661-022-10726-0.

ABSTRACT

Aphid (Aphis gossypii) is one of the important pests of papaya crop. In this work, applications of Trichoderma harzianum and Beauveria bassiana (biocontrol agents) and malathion (insecticide) were conducted in vitro and in agrifields for testing their anti-aphid efficacy and compared their efficacy. Furthermore, the enzymatic mechanism of T. harzianum with respect to biocontrolling the pest was unearthed. The LD₅₀ dose of T. harzianum and B. bassiana was 1.2 × 10⁵ spores mL^-1 and 1.0 × 10⁶ spores mL^-1 respectively after 48 h of administration. The LT₅₀ of T. harzianum also exhibited a lower effective time (47.70 h) than B. bassiana (57.53 h) for the same concentration of spores applied (1 × 10⁵ spores mL^-1). The pooled data analysis of two years (2019-2020) showed that the application of T. harzianum spores in agrifields exhibited 31.75 ± 13.00a percentage of reduction of aphid population whereas malathion exhibited 23.93 ± 1.30a%, in comparison to control. The statistical analysis indicated that the application of malathion exhibited the same efficacy as T. harzianum isolate and placed in the same category. In plate detection assay, T. harzianum produced a higher hydrolytic zone for chitinase (8.0 ± 0.4 cm diameter) and protease (7.0 ± 0.4 cm diameter) enzymes, than B. bassiana (1.3 ± 0.2 cm and 1.1 ± 0.2 cm respectively). Quantitative estimation of enzymes exhibited that T. harzianum produced 299 ± 11a μg mL^-1 of chitinase, 519 ± 19a μg mL^-1 of protease, and 65 ± 12a μg mL^-1 of PR1, and on the other hand, B. bassiana yielded 124 ± 12b, 361 ± 23b, and 29 ± 18b μg mL^-1 of chitinase, protease, and PR1 respectively. It indicated that T. harzianum was superior over the B. bassiana in terms of production capacity of all three enzymes. In conclusion, all the above experimental results suggested that T. harzianum showed better aphid-killing efficacy than B. bassiana. It also suggested that T. harzianum should replace hazardous chemical pesticide (malathion) for eco-friendly biocontrol of aphids.

PMID:36371583 | DOI:10.1007/s10661-022-10726-0

Mol Biol Rep. 2022 Nov 12. doi: 10.1007/s11033-022-08027-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: microRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in regulating cancer development, including breast cancer. Variation in miRNA genes can associate with the risk of cancer by alterations in the miRNA’s processing and maturation. Therefore, human blood samples and breast cancer cell line (MCF7) were analyzed to study any possible association between the genetic variant (rs2292832) in the miR-149 precursor and breast cancer susceptibility.

METHODS: To study the role of rs2292832 polymorphism in breast cancer, the miR-149 gene variant was genotyped using PCR-RFLP. For evaluating the effect of SNP on function and expression levels of mature miR-149, we inserted pre-miR-149 and flanking region with CC or TT genotype into a pEGFPN1 expression vector, and qPCR was accomplished. Cell survival, proliferation, and migration properties investigated by MTT and wound healing assay. Statistical analysis was carried out for data analysis.

RESULTS: T allele in variant rs2292832 is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Such association was also obtained in co-dominant (OR = 2.5) and dominant (OR = 2.016) models. The variant allele led to reduced production of mature miR-149 and resulted in increased cell proliferation and migration of MCF7 cells.

CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that miR-149 suppresses tumor cell proliferation, and the pre-mir-149 polymorphism affects the processing of miR-149, causing an alteration in the abundance of the miRNA mature form, which can regulate tumor progression and metastasis.

PMID:36371555 | DOI:10.1007/s11033-022-08027-3

Commun Biol. 2022 Nov 12;5(1):1234. doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-04197-9.

ABSTRACT

Designing useful functionalities in clinically validated, old antibiotics holds promise to provide the most economical solution for the global lack of effective antibiotics, as undoubtedly a serious health threat. Here we show that using the surface chemistry of the cyclodextrin (βCD) cycle and arginine (arg) as a linker, provides more stable ternary antibiotic complex (βCD-arg-cpx). In contrast to classical less stable inclusion complexes, which only modify antibiotic solubility, here-presented ternary complex is more stable and controls drug release. The components of the complex intensify interactions with bacterial membranes and increase the drug’s availability inside bacterial cells, thereby improving its antimicrobial efficacy and safety profile. Multifunctional antibiotics, formulated as drug delivery systems per se, that take the drug to the site of action, maximize its efficacy, and provide optical detectability are envisaged as the future in fighting against infections. Their role as a tool against multiresistant strains remains as interesting challenge open for further research.

PMID:36371541 | DOI:10.1038/s42003-022-04197-9

Clin Rheumatol. 2022 Nov 12. doi: 10.1007/s10067-022-06432-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Aim of this study is to clarify associations between metrics of patient’s clinical status statistically using retrospective cohort data.

METHODS: Patients with RA who were followed up more than 3 years were recruited. Their EuroQol-5th dimension (EQ5D) as an index of quality of life (QOL), Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ) as an index of functional capacity (FC), simplified disease activity index (SDAI), pain score using visual analog scale (PS-VAS), and fatigue score using visual analog scale (FS-VAS) were monitored every three months. Sharp/van der Heijde score (SHS) was calculated annually. Associations between average values of these factors at beginning of follow-up (baseline) and change from baseline to final year in follow-up (change), and patient’s sex, age, and disease duration (DD) were evaluated statistically.

RESULTS: A total of 447 patients were analyzed. EQ5D score correlated significantly with HAQ score both at baseline and change of that, and FS-VAS. HAQ score correlated significantly with EQ5D and HAQ score at baseline. SDAI score correlated significantly with SHS and FS-VAS at baseline. SHS correlated significantly with the SHS at baseline. PS-VAS correlated significantly with the PS-VAS, EQ5D at baseline, change of theEQ5D and HAQ scores. FS-VAS correlated significantly with change of the EQ5D score and FS-VAS at baseline.

CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that these clinical metrics are influenced by each variable at baseline. QOL and fatigue are correlated each other, as well as QOL and FC, whereas disease activity correlated with joint deformity level and fatigue. Key Points • It is questionable whether improvement of disease activity leads to improvements in functional capacity and QOL in treating rheumatoid arthritis. • We evaluated the association among metrics of clinical outcomes, such as EQ5D, HAQ, SDAI, SHS, pain score, and fatigue score using retrospective cohort data. • Results suggested that metrics are influenced by each items at baseline, and QOL and fatigue are correlated each other, as well as QOL and functional capacity.

PMID:36371481 | DOI:10.1007/s10067-022-06432-4

Sci Rep. 2022 Nov 12;12(1):19390. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-23781-x.

ABSTRACT

In this study, the capabilities of classical and novel integrated machine learning models were investigated to predict sediment discharge (Q_s) in free-flow flushing. Developed models include Multivariate Linear Regression (MLR), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH), and four hybrid forms of GMDH and Support Vector Regression (SVR) in combination with Henry Gas Solubility Optimization (HGSO) and Equilibrium Optimizer (EO) algorithms. The number of 160 datasets that were applied to assess these models was extracted from the Janssen (PhD’s Thesis, Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering. University of California, 1999) experimental study. Input parameters to predict Q_s included the water level in the reservoir (h_w), bed level in the flushing channel (h_b), outflow (Q_out), inflow (Q_in), and elapsed time of flushing (T). The performance of all models was evaluated by four statistical indices of root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), correlation coefficient (R²), and Mean absolute relative error (MARE). Evaluation of results demonstrated that the HGSO and EO algorithms could enhance the accuracy of the GMDH model (up to 26% and 22% in terms of RMSE), respectively. According to statistical criteria, the SVR-EO and SVR-HGSO provided the highest accuracy in both training (R² = 0.98) and validation phases (R² = 0.96). Moreover, among the developed models, the GMDH-HGSO algorithm provided excellent fitness to the observed data (R² = 0.96, RMSE = 22.37, MAE = 15.65, and MARE = 0.26). The results indicated the high efficiency of the HGSO and EO algorithms in improving the accuracy of the GMDH and SVR models. However, among the developed models, the GMDH-HGSO is the most accurate model and is recommended for sediment transport modelling.

PMID:36371476 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-23781-x

Ann Biomed Eng. 2022 Nov 12. doi: 10.1007/s10439-022-03099-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Synthetic surrogate head models are used in biomechanical studies to investigate skull, brain, and cervical spine injury. To ensure appropriate biofidelity of these head models, the stiffness is often tuned so that the surrogate’s response approximates the cadaveric response corridor. Impact parameters such as energy, and loading direction and region, can influence injury prediction measures, such as impact force and head acceleration. An improved understanding of how impact parameters affect the head’s structural response is required for designing better surrogate head models. This study comprises a synthesis and review of all existing ex vivo head stiffness data, and the primary factors that influence the force-deformation response are discussed. Eighteen studies from 1972 to 2019 were identified. Head stiffness statistically varied with age (pediatric vs. adult), loading region, and rate. The contact area of the impactor likely affects stiffness, whereas the impactor mass likely does not. The head’s response to frontal impacts was widely reported, but few studies have evaluated the response to other impact locations and directions. The findings from this review indicate that further work is required to assess the effect of head constraints, loading region, and impactor geometry, across a range of relevant scenarios.

PMID:36371475 | DOI:10.1007/s10439-022-03099-5

Commun Med (Lond). 2022 Apr 20;2(1):43. doi: 10.1038/s43856-022-00093-9.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Frailty is a late-life clinical syndrome resulting from the accumulation of aging-induced decline. Greenspaces measured with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) are protective of frailty. However, NDVI is not as informative as structure indices in describing greenspaces’ constitution, shape, and connectivity measured by the largest patch index (LPI), shape index, and cohesion index representing larger, more complex, and more dense greenspaces through higher values. We aim to study the association between greenness structures and frailty in a cohort of Chinese older adults.

METHODS: We included older adults from 2008-2014 China Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). We used greenspace indices from satellite to quantify structures (area-edge, shape, proximity) at county-level, and calculated frailty index (FI) as an outcome. We did cross-sectional analyses using linear and logistical regression, and longitudinal analyses using the generalized estimating equations (GEE).

RESULTS: Among 8776 baseline participants, mean LPI, shape, cohesion, and FI are 7.93, 8.11, 97.6, and 0.17. In cross-sectional analyses, we find negative dose-response relationships for greenspace structures and frailty, especially in females, centenarians, illiterate people, city residents, unmarried people, and individuals with increased frailty. Participants living in the highest quartile of LPI, shape, and cohesion have 32% (95%CI: 21-42%), 35% (95%CI: 24-44%), and 37% (95%CI: 26%-46%) lower odds of frailty than the lowest quartile. However, we do not find a significant association in longitudinal analyses.

CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of greenness structures (area-edge, shape, and proximity) might be related to lower frailty, while a clear longitudinal benefit cannot be identified in this analysis.

PMID:36371474 | DOI:10.1038/s43856-022-00093-9

Sci Rep. 2022 Nov 12;12(1):19409. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-24005-y.

ABSTRACT

Drug information centers (DICs) are institutions dedicated to provide objective, independent, and up-to-date information on drugs and their rational use. To overcome the lack of recent DIC reports from central Europe, we analyzed all queries (n = 594) submitted to the DIC run by the Institute for Clinical Pharmacology of Hannover Medical School between October 2018 and April 2022. Approximately one in three queries (31.1%; 185/594) was submitted by internists. 82.8% (492/594) of the queries were patient-specific, while the remaining 17.2% (102/594) were general queries. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs), indications/contraindications, and pharmacodynamic interactions (PDIs) represented the three most frequently addressed query categories, being involved in 44.8% (266/594), 43.3% (257/594), and 34.3% (204/594) of all queries, respectively (assignment of more than one category per query was possible). As compared to general queries, patient-specific queries were statistically significantly more often related to ADRs, PDIs, and pharmacokinetic interactions (PKIs) (ADRs: 35.3% vs. 46.7%, P = 0.034; PDIs: 14.7% vs. 38.4%, P < 0.001; PKIs: 20.6% vs. 31.5%, P = 0.028). To demonstrate the complexity of queries submitted to the clinical-pharmacological DIC, we present and comment on an illustrative selection of queries.

PMID:36371467 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-24005-y

Schizophrenia (Heidelb). 2022 Nov 12;8(1):95. doi: 10.1038/s41537-022-00308-x.

ABSTRACT

Both the ability to speak and to infer complex linguistic messages from sounds have been claimed as uniquely human phenomena. In schizophrenia, formal thought disorder (FTD) and auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are manifestations respectively relating to concrete disruptions of those abilities. From an evolutionary perspective, Crow (1997) proposed that “schizophrenia is the price that Homo sapiens pays for the faculty of language”. Epidemiological and experimental evidence points to an overlap between FTD and AVHs, yet a thorough investigation examining their shared neural mechanism in schizophrenia is lacking. In this review, we synthesize observations from three key domains. First, neuroanatomical evidence indicates substantial shared abnormalities in language-processing regions between FTD and AVHs, even in the early phases of schizophrenia. Second, neurochemical studies point to a glutamate-related dysfunction in these language-processing brain regions, contributing to verbal production deficits. Third, genetic findings further show how genes that overlap between schizophrenia and language disorders influence neurodevelopment and neurotransmission. We argue that these observations converge into the possibility that a glutamatergic dysfunction in language-processing brain regions might be a shared neural basis of both FTD and AVHs. Investigations of language pathology in schizophrenia could facilitate the development of diagnostic tools and treatments, so we call for multilevel confirmatory analyses focused on modulations of the language network as a therapeutic goal in schizophrenia.

PMID:36371445 | DOI:10.1038/s41537-022-00308-x