Tag: nevin manimala

Expert Rev Med Devices. 2022 Nov 8:1-5. doi: 10.1080/17434440.2022.2139177. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: In patients with non-palpable breast cancer, the availability of wireless localization techniques facilitates removal of the target lesion. One such technique uses a radar reflector for localization (RRL). This study evaluates the feasibility and effectiveness of RRL to guide excision of axillary lymph nodes in patients with node-positive breast cancer.

METHODS: Our Breast Cancer Database was queried for patients diagnosed with breast cancer, between 5/2017 and 10/2021, who underwent preoperative placement of a radar reflector into a biopsy proven axillary lymph node. Clinicopathologic data were reported using descriptive statistics.

RESULTS: Twenty patients underwent preoperative placement of a radar reflector into the axilla. Intraoperatively, the clip and radar reflector were successfully removed in all patients. Among the 10 patients treated with NAC, 5 patients achieved an axillary pathologic complete response (pCR) and were spared a complete axillary lymph node dissection (cALND). Among the entire cohort, RRL resulted in a 53% reduction in the number of lymph nodes removed.

CONCLUSIONS: Wireless localization of axillary lymph nodes is safe and feasible. The technique ensures excision of biopsy proven positive axillary lymph nodes and enables a targeted approach to assessing the axilla, both in the setting of NAC and upfront surgery.

PMID:36345879 | DOI:10.1080/17434440.2022.2139177

Minerva Dent Oral Sci. 2022 Nov 7. doi: 10.23736/S2724-6329.22.04727-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to test whether rapid palatal expansion is effective to improve nasal airway patency in a sample of pediatric patients with primary snoring.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A group of 21 subjects, 11 girls (52%) and 10 boys (48%), with a mean age of 7.1 years (SD = 1.3; range 4-9 years) were treated with a rapid maxillary expansion (RME) device. Nasal airway resistance was assessed via rhinomanometric exam before (pre) and 6 months after (post) the rapid palatal expansion treatment.

RESULTS: Data analysis showed a statistically significant increase in the mean scores of the results of the rhinomanometric exam between the “pre” and “post” measurements with a significant reduction in total inspiratory and expiratory air resistance values after rapid palatal expansion.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that RME treatment is associated with an improvement in nasal airway resistance due to a substantial reduction in nasal resistance associated with the orthopedic action of the orthodontic device.

PMID:36345835 | DOI:10.23736/S2724-6329.22.04727-1

Circ Heart Fail. 2022 Nov 8:e009695. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.122.009695. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: As patients with heart failure experience worsening of their condition, including acute decompensated heart failure, quality of life deteriorates. However, the trajectory of quality of life changes and their determinants in the context of the Rehabilitation Therapy in Older Acute Heart Failure Patients trial physical rehabilitation intervention are unknown.

METHODS: Patients ≥60 years old admitted for acute decompensated heart failure (n=349) were randomized to either attention control or intervention. Quality of life outcomes (Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire; 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey) were measured at baseline (inpatient), 1 month, and 3 months. Intervention effects were assessed using linear mixed effects regression, including covariates to model the main effects of the intervention and timing of outcome assessments. Mediation analysis determined if changes in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire were due to improvement in physical function (short physical performance battery, 6-minute walk distance).

RESULTS: Baseline Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire summary score was similarly poor in the intervention and control arms (40.2±20.6 versus 41.5±20.6). Although the intervention experienced nominally greater Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire improvement than control at 1 month (64.7±1.9 versus 61.1±1.9, P=0.13), the difference was not statistically significant until 3 months (67.7±1.9 versus 60.8±1.9, P=0.004). Twelve-Item Short-Form Health Survey Physical and Mental Composite Scores increased in both arms at 1 month and continued improvement only in the intervention. The 3-month improvement in short physical performance battery score explained 64.1% of the improvement in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: In older patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure, quality of life improves in the first month after discharge. The quality of life benefit of a post-discharge physical rehabilitation intervention is detected early with large significant improvements at 3 months achieved primarily through improvement in short physical performance battery.

REGISTRATION: URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02196038.

PMID:36345825 | DOI:10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.122.009695

Birth Defects Res. 2022 Nov 8. doi: 10.1002/bdr2.2120. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: When analyzing fetal defect incidence in laboratory animal studies, correlation in responses within litters (i.e., litter effects) can lead to increased false-positive rates if litter effects are not incorporated into the analysis. Studies of fetal defects require analysis methods that are robust across a broad range of defect types, including those with zero or near-zero incidence rates in control groups.

METHODS: A simulation study compared power and false-positive rates for six approaches across a range of background defect rates and litter size distributions. Statistical methods evaluated included ignoring the litter effect as well as parametric and nonparametric approaches based on litter proportions, generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs), the Rao-Scott Cochran-Armitage (RSCA) trend test, and a modification to the RSCA (mRSCA) introduced here to improve estimation at low background rates. These methods were also applied to a common and a rare defect from two prenatal developmental toxicology studies conducted by the National Toxicology Program (NTP).

RESULTS: At background defect rates of 1%, the mRSCA and parametric litter proportion methods provided gains in power over the nonparametric litter proportion method, the GLMM method, and the RSCA method. Simulations involving litter loss in high-dose groups showed loss of power for both litter proportion methods.

CONCLUSIONS: The mRSCA test developed here compares favorably with other litter-based approaches and is robust across a range of background defect rates and litter size distributions, making it a practical choice for prenatal developmental toxicology studies involving both common and rare fetal defects.

PMID:36345811 | DOI:10.1002/bdr2.2120

Ear Nose Throat J. 2022 Nov 8:1455613211039045. doi: 10.1177/01455613211039045. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on Hyrtl fissure (HF) and contribute our experience with a 2-year old who developed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) otorrhea during routine tympanostomy tube placement.

METHODS: Data Sources: Pubmed and Google Scholar searches were conducted of articles in the English language literature from all time periods using the words Hyrtl, Hyrtl’s fissure, HF, and tympanomeningeal fissure. Study Selection: All relevant articles were reviewed to identify cases of HF.

RESULTS: Data Extraction: Nineteen cases, including ours, are described. Patient characteristics, method(s) of diagnosis and repair, and outcomes are reported. Computed tomography and intraoperative endoscopic images from our case are included. Presentation is more common in children (66.7% of cases where age was stated, n = 10) than in adults (33.3%, n = 5), and is most commonly unilateral (89.5%, n = 17). Cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea was the most common presentation. Six were discovered after tympanostomy tube placements while 3 were identified during cochlear implant work-up or after device failure. Surgical approaches described include endaural, transcanal, retrosigmoid, postauricular, and posterior fossa endoscopic. Multiple materials including bone wax, bone pate, fascia, muscle, and tissue sealant have been used. Our case describes an endoscopic repair in a child, which was successful at a 2-year follow-up. Data Synthesis: The small number of cases limits the utility of statistical analysis (n = 19).

CONCLUSIONS: Hyrtl fissure is a rare but important entity that may be discovered when routine procedures have unexpected results. Hyrtl fissure should be included in the differential diagnosis when there is persistent clear otorrhea after a tympanostomy tube, cochlear implant misinsertion, meningitis, or unexplained middle ear effusion in an adult.

PMID:36345799 | DOI:10.1177/01455613211039045

Nucl Med Commun. 2022 Dec 1;43(12):1247-1253. doi: 10.1097/MNM.0000000000001626. Epub 2022 Oct 17.

ABSTRACT

[75Se]tauroselcholic acid (SeHCAT) retention studies may be performed using a collimated or uncollimated (intrinsic) gamma camera, with trade-offs between counting sensitivity, collision risk, and stray source influence. In this work, we evaluate the uncertainty in SeHCAT studies performed in ‘outer room’ mode, where the patient sits or stands two metres away from the uncollimated camera face. 768 SeHCAT studies performed at the Royal Free Hospital were analysed retrospectively, and in all cases, the absolute uncertainty was found to be well within the clinically acceptable limit of ±1 percentage point at 15% retention. The mean counting sensitivity was found to be 1.64 cps/kBq, which is higher than collimated counting but lower than uncollimated counting with the patient on the couch. Seeing as the outer room method does not require patients to transfer onto the couch it may provide savings in setup time which may offset the necessarily longer acquisition time. Because the patient does not come into close proximity to the unprotected camera face the risk of collision is also reduced. Spectra from a SeHCAT capsule in a water-filled torso phantom were used to examine the potential impact of modifying the energy windows. We recommend adopting a wide central photopeak and downscatter window (160-296 keV) plus a lower photopeak window (111-159 keV), which may provide significant improvements in sensitivity. This improved sensitivity could be used to reduce the acquisition time, which is of particular interest in the context of increasing numbers of referrals for SeHCAT retention tests.

PMID:36345770 | DOI:10.1097/MNM.0000000000001626

Nucl Med Commun. 2022 Dec 1;43(12):1225-1232. doi: 10.1097/MNM.0000000000001621. Epub 2022 Oct 19.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to assess the roles of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and 18F-NaF PET/CT in evaluation of skeletal metastatic lesions in prostate cancer.

METHODS: Two hundred consecutive prostate cancer patients who had undergone 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and 18F-NaF PET/CT at baseline evaluation (n = 80) and following suspected recurrence or disease progression (restaging) (n = 120) were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTS: PSMA and NAF scans were positive for skeletal metastatic lesions in 67% (134 patients) and negative in 33% (66 patients). The scans were concordant in 80% (160 patients: 66 negative and 94 positive) and discordant in 20% (40 patients). Among 40 discordant results, 14 were baseline and 26 were restaging studies. PSMA detected more number of lesions in 11 (nine baseline and two restaging). These were true positive marrow or lytic metastatic lesions. NaF revealed more number of lesions in 29 (5 initial and 24 restaging). These were false positive on follow-up imaging. No statistical difference (P value = 0.7 by McNemar test) between the two scans for identifying absence or presence of at least one skeletal lesion was noted at baseline staging.

CONCLUSION: Though, both 18F-NaF and 68Ga-PSMA are excellent tracers for evaluation of skeletal metastases in prostate cancer, there is a distinct advantage of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT due to detection of additional skeletal lesions and absence of false positive lesions. In addition, absence of PSMA avidity in healed metastases in the restaging setting opens up new avenue for assessment of response of skeletal metastases.

PMID:36345767 | DOI:10.1097/MNM.0000000000001621

Nucl Med Commun. 2022 Dec 1;43(12):1188-1194. doi: 10.1097/MNM.0000000000001624. Epub 2022 Oct 17.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the comparison of maximum and mean standardized uptake values (SUVs) of jaw pathologies with bone Single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT), and a special focus on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ).

METHODS: Eighty-nine patients with jaw pathologies (63 MRONJ, 13 chronic osteomyelitis, 11 osteoradionecrosis and 2 primary intraosseous carcinoma) underwent bone SPECT/CT scans acquisition at 4 h after intravenous injection of Tc-99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate in this prospective study. The evaluation of mean and maximum SUVs of jaw pathologies were performed using Q. Metrix and Xeleris workstation and defined the data automatically. Statistical analyses were performed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient for comparison of maximum and mean SUVs and Mann-Whitney U-test for SUVs of MRONJ. A P value lower than 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.

RESULTS: Maximum SUVs of MRONJ, chronic osteomyelitis, osteoradionecrosis and primary intraosseous carcinoma were 17.6 ± 8.4, 21.7 ± 7.1, 11.9 ± 4.8 and 26.6 ± 7.0, respectively. Mean SUVs of MRONJ, chronic osteomyelitis, osteoradionecrosis and primary intraosseous carcinoma were 10.1 ± 4.9, 11.9 ± 3.3, 7.0 ± 2.8 and 10.1 ± 4.5, respectively. The maximum SUV of jaw pathologies was significantly correlated with the mean SUV (Y = 0.494X + 1.228; R2 = 0.786; P < 0.001). Furthermore, maximum and mean SUVs of MRONJ had significant differences in underlying diseases, medication and staging.

CONCLUSION: The maximum and mean SUVs with bone SPECT/CT can be an effective tool for the quantitative evaluation of jaw pathologies, especially MRONJ.

PMID:36345763 | DOI:10.1097/MNM.0000000000001624

Nucl Med Commun. 2022 Dec 1;43(12):1171-1180. doi: 10.1097/MNM.0000000000001618. Epub 2022 Oct 17.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The SVDsketch [MATLAB function which implements a randomized singular value decomposition (rSVD) algorithm] uses tolerance (tol) to adaptively determine the rank of the matrix sketch approximation. As the tol gets larger, fewer features of input image matrix are used in the matrix sketch. The objective of this study was to optimize the value of tol for compressing technetium-99m (Tc-99m) L,L, ethylenedicysteine (LLEC) renal dynamic (RD) study in minimum time preserving clinical information.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: At different values of tol [0.00012(default), 0.1, 0.01, and 0.05] 50 Tc-99m LLEC RD studies were compressed. Two nuclear medicine (NM) physicians compared compressed images at tol = 0.1 with its input images. The SVD computation time and compression factor were calculated for each study. The image quality metrics: Error, structural similarity index for measuring image quality, brightness, global contrast factor (GCF), contrast per pixel (CPP), and blur were used for objective assessment of image quality. Percentage error in split function estimated from compressed and original images was calculated. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to find statistically significant difference between renal split function, blur, GCF, CPP, and brightness of the compressed image and the original image at .

RESULTS: As per NM physicians, compressed images estimated with tol = 0.1 were identical to the original images. Based on image quality metrics, compressed images were significantly less noisy, brighter, and have better contrast compared with its input images. There was insignificant difference in split renal function estimated from compressed RD study at tol = 0.1 and its original study. The SVD computation and percentage compression per study were found to be 0.04725 s and up to 74.53%.

CONCLUSION: The optimized value of tol for compressing Tc-99m LLEC RD study preserving clinical information was found to be 0.1, and SVD computation time: 0.04725 s.

PMID:36345761 | DOI:10.1097/MNM.0000000000001618

J Synchrotron Radiat. 2022 Nov 1;29(Pt 6):1465-1479. doi: 10.1107/S1600577522008773. Epub 2022 Oct 7.

ABSTRACT

A Hanbury Brown and Twiss interferometry experiment based on second-order correlations was performed at the PAL-XFEL facility. The statistical properties of the X-ray radiation were studied within this experiment. Measurements were performed at the NCI beamline at 10 keV photon energy under various operation conditions: self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE), SASE with a monochromator, and self-seeding regimes at 120 pC, 180 pC and 200 pC electron bunch charge. Statistical analysis showed short average pulse duration from 6 fs to 9 fs depending on the operational conditions. A high spatial degree of coherence of about 70-80% was determined in the spatial domain for the SASE beams with the monochromator and self-seeding regime of operation. The obtained values describe the statistical properties of the beams generated at the PAL-XFEL facility.

PMID:36345755 | DOI:10.1107/S1600577522008773