Tag: nevin manimala

Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2022 Nov 5. doi: 10.1007/s00228-022-03414-y. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Aspirin has been suggested to reduce the risk of cancer. However, previous studies have been inconsistent regarding the relationship between aspirin use and the risk of occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of aspirin on clinical outcomes in patients with HCC in a meta-analysis and to explore the possible dose-response relationship.

METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in 10 electronic databases and 4 registries. The combined hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using a random-effects model with 95% confidence interval (CIs) to assess the effect of aspirin on the risk of HCC. Relevant subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed.

RESULTS: The results show that aspirin use correlated with lower incidence of HCC (HR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.71-0.80), decreased risk of HCC recurrence (HR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65-0.96), and reduced mortality (HR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.60-0.87). The results of the subgroup analysis showed that aspirin use was consistently associated with reduced incidence of HCC across different regions, study designs, and populations. A linear relationship was found for both dosage and duration of aspirin use. An increased of bleeding with aspirin use among patients was also observed (HR 1.10, 95% CI: 1.02-1.20).

CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis found that aspirin use was independently associated with a reduced risk of HCC incidence, recurrence, and death. Furthermore, aspirin use influenced HCC occurrence in a dose-dependent and duration-dependent manner. However, an increased risk of bleeding with aspirin use was noted.

PMID:36334108 | DOI:10.1007/s00228-022-03414-y

Psychol Health Med. 2022 Nov 5:1-11. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2143542. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a public health emergency of international concern. However, its stress on the mental health of young to middle-aged adults is largely unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the mental health difficulties during the resurgent phase of COVID-19 among young to middle-aged adults in China. There were 1,478 participants with a median age of 26 years (IQR, 23 – 30), including 535 males (36.2%). The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and insomnia were 8.6%, 11.4%, and 13.7%, respectively. Participants aged 29 – 59 years (OR, 95% CI: 2.46, 1.23 – 4.91) and females (2.49, 1.55 – 4.01) had a higher risk of anxiety. Education status, worried level about the current COVID-19, and the level of COVID-19’s impact on life were significantly associated with the prevalence of anxiety. Besides, the level of COVID-19’s impact on life was positively related to the prevalence of depression and insomnia. Our study provided novel evidence of psychological difficulties among young to middle-aged adults during the resurgent stage of the COVID-19 epidemic. Psychological intervention should be continuously implemented to prevent long-term psychological comorbidities during the COVID-19 epidemic.

PMID:36334084 | DOI:10.1080/13548506.2022.2143542

Acta Med Port. 2022 Sep 1;35(9):703-712. doi: 10.20344/amp.18862. Epub 2022 Sep 1.

ABSTRACT

On page 646, Section ‘RESULTS’,On paragraph ‘Model estimation and selection’,Line 3, where it reads (in red):Firstly, we examined fit statistics (Table 5), namely the Akaike Information criterion (AIC) (…)It should read (in blue):Firstly, we examined fit statistics (Table 3), namely the Akaike Information criterion (AIC) (…)Line 9, where it reads (in red):(…) (LRT = 57.33, p < 0.0001, see Table 5) (…)It should read (in blue):(…) (LRT = 57.33, p < 0.0001, see Table 3) (…)On paragraph ‘Classification accuracy of the model’,Line 1, where it reads (in red):The probabilities of correct classification of observations are shown in the main diagonal of Table 6, (…)It should read (in blue):The probabilities of correct classification of observations are shown in the main diagonal of Table 4, (…)Line 7, where it reads (in red):The classification accuracy of the testing subsample was 96%, as shown in Table 7.It should read (in blue):The classification accuracy of the testing subsample was 96%, as shown in Table 5.On page 647,Chapter Description of profiles, 2nd paragraph, line 4, where it reads (in red):This group scores negatively (less than 2.5, below the green, dotted bottom line) in all dimensions (Table 3), (…)It should read (in blue):This group scores negatively (less than 2.5, below the green, dotted bottom line) in all dimensions (Table 6), (…)On page 648,Line 6, where it reads (in red):(…) equal parental control rates or absence thereof (Table 4).It should read (in blue):(…)equal parental control rates or absence thereof (Table 7).2nd paragraph, line 9, where it reads (in red):(…) compared with other profiles, are noteworthy (Table 4).It should read (in blue):(…) compared with other profiles, are noteworthy (Table 7).3rd paragraph, line 7, where it reads (in red):Here we also highlight users with the least difficulty in making friends (Table 4).It should read (in blue):Here we also highlight users with the least difficulty in making friends (Table 7).4th paragraph, line 10, where it reads (in red):(…) and lower parental control rate stood out compared with the other profiles (Table 4).It should read (in blue):(…) and lower parental control rate stood out compared with the other profiles (Table 7).Article published with errors: https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/17047.

PMID:36334081 | DOI:10.20344/amp.18862

Future Cardiol. 2022 Nov 5. doi: 10.2217/fca-2022-0054. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Aim: Our study aims to provide a more holistic understanding of the available data and predictive risk factors for gastrointestinal bleed (GIB). Materials & methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science Core Collection and calculated relative risk and meta-regression was utilized to evaluate for risk factors in order to assess the effect of covariates. Results: Our meta-analysis reported a pooled prevalence rate of GIB of 24.4%. Meta-regression analysis did not yield a statistically significant association between GIB and risk factors, including age, gender, hypertension, chronic kidney disease and diabetes. Conclusion: Studies investigating larger sample sizes are required for conclusive findings.

PMID:36334072 | DOI:10.2217/fca-2022-0054

Thorac Cancer. 2022 Nov 5. doi: 10.1111/1759-7714.14712. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Potential relationships with the prognosis of patients with extensive-stage non-small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) have been investigated without valid results.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis of real-world data of consecutive patients with ES-SCLC admitted to our Medical Thoracic Oncology Unit was carried out from 2010 to 2020, focusing on identification of prognostic factors. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to represent progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Univariable and multivariable Cox models were used to investigate prognostic factors.

RESULTS: The analysis included 244 patients. The median OS was 8 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8-10) and the median PFS was 5 months (95% CI: 5-6). The univariable analysis showed that factors associated with shorter OS were older age (p = 0.047), TNM stage 4 versus 3 (p < 0.001), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) 1 and 2 versus 0 (p < 0.001), and >2 metastatic sites (p = 0.004). Mediastinal radiotherapy (RT) (p < 0.001), >1 irradiated site (p = 0.026), 3 and 4 chemotherapy (CT) lines versus 1 (p = 0.044 and 0.001, respectively), prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) (p < 0.001), and surgery (p = 0.001) correlated with longer OS. The multivariable analysis revealed statistically significant associations for TNM, ECOG PS 2 versus 0, number of CT lines, PCI, and surgery. A total of 23 patients (9.4%) survived ≥24 months, 39% of whom had received four CT lines and 48% had mediastinal RT.

CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that tumor burden, PS, and mediastinal RT strongly correlate with outcome. With the addition of immunotherapy to CT, the identification of new biomarkers as predictive factors is urgently required.

PMID:36333988 | DOI:10.1111/1759-7714.14712

Clin Transl Sci. 2022 Nov 5. doi: 10.1111/cts.13442. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Novel druggable targets are warranted for Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment. We aimed to identify novel circulating proteins with causal associations with the risk of IBDs and provide potential therapeutic targets for IBD treatment. We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization study to explore the associations of 55 circulating biomarkers on the risk of IBD, Crohn’s disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC) by leveraging the summary statistics from large genome-wide association studies and protein quantitative trait loci studies. The individual estimate was pooled together by meta-analyses to estimate the causal effects of each outcome. In univariable MR, we identified several circulating proteins showed potential correlation with IBD, UC, and CD. Of note, we observed that a genetically proxied increased level of ST2 was associated with an elevated risk of IBD (odds ratios [ORs] 1.133, 95% CI 1.091-1.176, P < 0.0001), CD (ORs 1.188, 95% CI 1.103-1.281, P < 0.0001), and UC cohorts (ORs 1.087, 95% CI 1.050-1.125, P < 0.0001). Additionally, we observed a consistent positive correlation between the level of CSF-1 and the increased risk of IBD in individual MR, with statistically significant causal associations in the meta-analyses with ORs equal to 1.217 (IBD, 95% CI 1.115-1.328, P < 0.0001), 1.223 (CD, 95% CI 1.082-1.382, P = 0.0013), and 1.179 (UC, 95% CI 1.055-1.317, P = 0.0037). This study provided evidence for potential casual associations between circulating ST2, CSF-1 levels and increased risks of IBD, UC, and CD, implicating potential treatment targets for IBD and subtypes.

PMID:36333983 | DOI:10.1111/cts.13442

Am J Hum Biol. 2022 Nov 5:e23830. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.23830. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: We aim to contribute to the literature reporting tests of selection in utero. The theory of reproductive suppression predicts that natural selection would conserve mechanisms, referred to collectively as selection in utero, that spontaneously abort fetuses unlikely to thrive as infants in the prevailing environment. Tests of this prediction include reports that women give birth to fewer than expected male twins, historically among the frailest of infants, during stressful times. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States in Spring 2020 demonstrably stressed the population. We test the hypothesis that conception cohorts in gestation at the onset of the pandemic in the United States yielded fewer than expected live male twin births.

METHODS: We retrieved deidentified data on the universe of live births in the United States from the National Center for Health Statistics birth certificate records. We applied Box-Jenkins time-series methods to the twin secondary sex ratio computed for 77 monthly conception cohorts spanning August 2013 to December 2019 to detect outlying cohorts in gestation at the onset of the pandemic.

RESULTS: The twin secondary sex ratio fell below expected values in three conception cohorts (i.e., July, September, and October 2019, all p < .05) exposed in utero to the onset of the pandemic.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results add to prior findings consistent with selection in utero. The role of selection in utero in shaping the characteristics of live births cohorts, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, warrants further scrutiny.

PMID:36333973 | DOI:10.1002/ajhb.23830

Pharm Stat. 2022 Nov 5. doi: 10.1002/pst.2272. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Designing Phase I clinical trials is challenging when accrual is slow or sample size is limited. The corresponding key question is: how to efficiently and reliably identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) using a sample size as small as possible? We propose model-assisted and model-based designs with adaptive intrapatient dose escalation (AIDE) to address this challenge. AIDE is adaptive in that the decision of conducting intrapatient dose escalation depends on both the patient’s individual safety data, as well as other enrolled patient’s safety data. When both data indicate reasonable safety, a patient may perform intrapatient dose escalation, generating toxicity data at more than one dose. This strategy not only provides patients the opportunity to receive higher potentially more effective doses, but also enables efficient statistical learning of the dose-toxicity profile of the treatment, which dramatically reduces the required sample size. Simulation studies show that the proposed designs are safe, robust, and efficient to identify the MTD with a sample size that is substantially smaller than conventional interpatient dose escalation designs. Practical considerations are provided and R code for implementing AIDE is available upon request.

PMID:36333972 | DOI:10.1002/pst.2272

Autism Res. 2022 Nov 5. doi: 10.1002/aur.2847. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The current study aimed at testing and developing alternative short versions of autism spectrum quotient (AQ-10) (adult [self-report], adult [parent-report], adolescent, and child versions) for use in Hong Kong. First, the various versions of AQ-10 developed in the United Kingdom (the AQ-10-UK) were applied to Hong Kong Chinese samples and demonstrated satisfactory discriminative power (AUCs 0.77-0.94). Second, the Hong Kong Chinese versions of AQ-10 (AQ-10-HK) were developed, using the same methodology as in the original UK study. There were some changes in the choice of items and cut-offs. The AQ-10-HK demonstrated slightly greater discriminative power (AUCs 0.88-0.97) to that of the AQ-10-UK, but the differences in AUCs were not statistically significant. Compared to the corresponding full-length versions, both the UK and HK short forms did not seem to lose any significant discriminative power. Yet, the various versions of AQ, be they the full-length or AQ-10, appeared to consistently exhibit slightly smaller AUCs with the Hong Kong Chinese samples than with the UK samples. So, this study found both cross-cultural similarities and differences. The AQ-10-HK was recommended for local practice to maximize the advantage gained. Yet, for international multi-site research collaboration, involving the UK and HK, the original AQ-10-UK can be used for direct comparison of data.

PMID:36333966 | DOI:10.1002/aur.2847

J Med Philos. 2022 Nov 5;47(4):530-539. doi: 10.1093/jmp/jhac012.

ABSTRACT

One way in which bioethicists can benefit the medical community is by clarifying the concept of disorder. Since insurance companies refer to the DSM for whether a patient should receive assistance, one must consider the consequences of one’s concept of disorder for who should be provided with care. I offer a refinement of Jerome Wakefield’s hybrid concept of disorder, the harmful dysfunction analysis. I criticize both the factual component and the value component of Wakefield’s account and suggest how they might be improved. I propose that the factual component should be statistical variation analyzed in multilevel and chronological compilations of physiological data. I propose that the value component should prioritize the individual’s authority regarding the experience of suffering from a physiological condition. My account preserves the insight of using a factual and a value component while avoiding the problems that Wakefield’s original account faces.

PMID:36333929 | DOI:10.1093/jmp/jhac012